G10KSOUND-PRODUCING DEVICESMETHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERALACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FORThis subclass covers arrangements for generating mechanical vibrations in fluids.This subclass covers also the production of sounds which may not be audible to human beings but which are audible to animals. In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: "acoustics" and "sound" cover the technical field dealing with mechanical vibrations at all infrasonic -, sonic - and ultrasonic frequencies. However, generation or transmission of mechanical waves, in general, is covered by subclass B06B, subject to the exception specified in Note (1) above.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. G10K1/00 G10K1/00Devices in which sound is produced by striking a resonating body, e.g. bells, chimes or gongs multi-toned musical instruments G10D13/08; automatic carillons G10F1/10 G10K1/06the resonating devices having the shape of a bell, plate, rod, or tube bells for towers G10K1/28 G10K1/062electrically operated G10K1/063the sounding member being a bell G10K1/064Operating or striking mechanisms therefor G10K1/0645provided with loudness adjustment G10K1/065for timed or repeated operation G10K1/066the sounding member being a tube, plate or rod G10K1/067Operating or striking mechanisms therefor G10K1/068hydraulically operatedpneumatically operated G10K1/07mechanically operatedHand bellsBells for animals G10K1/071Hand bellsBells for animals G10K1/072Operating or striking mechanisms therefor G10K1/074with rotary clappers or shells G10K1/076for timed or repeated operation G10K1/08Details or accessories of general applicability G10K1/10Sounding membersMounting thereofClappers or other strikers G10K1/26MountingsCasings G10K1/28Bells for towers or the like G10K1/30Details or accessories G10K1/32Sounding membersClappers or other strikers G10K1/34Operating mechanisms G10K1/341for a still-standing bell G10K1/342electrically operated G10K1/344for an oscillating bell which is driven once per cycle G10K1/345electrically operated G10K1/347for an oscillating bell which is driven twice per cycle G10K1/348electrically operated G10K1/36Means for silencing or damping G10K1/38SupportsMountings G10K3/00Rattles or like noise-producing devices , e.g. door-knockers G10K5/00Whistles G10K5/02Ultrasonic whistles G10K7/00Sirens G10K7/005Ultrasonic sirens G10K7/02in which the sound-producing member is rotated manually or by a motor G10K7/06 takes precedence G10K7/04by an electric motor G10K7/06in which the sound-producing member is driven by a fluid, e.g. by a compressed gas G10K9/00Devices in which sound is produced by vibrating a diaphragm or analogous element, e.g. fog horns, vehicle hooters or buzzers loudspeakers or like acoustic electromechanical transducers H04R G10K9/02driven by gase.g. suction operated G10K9/04by compressed gases, e.g. compressed air G10K9/06produced by detonation G10K9/08driven by water or other liquids G10K9/10driven by mechanical means only G10K9/12electrically operated This group does not cover the construction of, or circuits for, broadband-transducers such as loudspeakers or microphones, which are covered by subclass H04R. G10K9/121Flextensional transducers G10K9/122using piezo-electric driving means G10K9/121 takes precedence G10K9/125with a plurality of active elements G10K9/128using magnetostrictive driving means G10K9/121 takes precedence G10K9/13using electromagnetic driving means see provisionally also G10K9/12 G10K9/15Self-interrupting arrangements G10K9/16with means for generating current by muscle power G10K9/18Details, e.g. bulbs, pumps, pistons, switches or casings G10K9/20Sounding members G10K9/22MountingsCasings G10K11/00Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in generalMethods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general G10K11/002Devices for damping, suppressing, obstructing or conducting sound in acoustic devices G10K1/06 - G10K1/10 take precedence; for electro-mechanical transducers for communication H04R3/002 G10K11/004Mounting transducers, e.g. provided with mechanical moving or orienting device mountings specially adapted to a particular sound-producing device, see the preceding groups G10K1/00 - G10K9/00, e.g. G10K1/26, G10K1/28, G10K9/22; arrangements of sonic watch equipment on submarines B63G8/39; buoys B63B22/00 G10K11/006Transducer mounting in underwater equipment, e.g. sonobuoys G10K11/008Arrays of transducers seismic streamers, see G01V1/20 G10K11/02Mechanical acoustic impedancesImpedance matching, e.g. by hornsAcoustic resonators G10K11/025horns for impedance matching see provisionally also G10K11/28 G10K11/04Acoustic filters ; Acoustic resonators G10K11/08Non-electric sound-amplifying devices, e.g. non-electric megaphones amplifying by horns G10K11/02; amplifying by focusing G10K11/26 G10K11/16Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general G10K11/36 takes precedenceThis group does not cover protecting against, or damping of, acoustic waves adapted for particular applications, which are covered by the subclasses for these applications, provided that there is a specific provision for this aspect. G10K11/161in systems with fluid flow G10K11/162 takes precedence; gas flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines in general or for internal combustion engine F01N, noise absorbers in pipes or pipe systems F16L55/02; noise absorption in air conditioning and ventilation F24F13/24; silencing exhaust or propulsion jets in aircraft B64D33/06 G10K11/162Selection of materials G10K11/165Particles in a matrix G10K11/168Plural layers of different materials, e.g. sandwiches When classifying in this group, classification is also made in subclass B32B, in so far as any layered product is concerned. G10K11/172using resonance effects G10K11/175using interference effectsMasking soundSound/noise masking, classified in G10K11/1752 - G10K11/1754,Acoustic noise cancellation, classified in G10K11/178 G10K11/1752Masking G10K11/1754Speech masking G10K11/178by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phaseWhen classifying in any of the groups G10K11/1781 - G10K11/17861, classification is also made in at least one subgroup of G10K11/1787. G10K11/1781characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions G10K11/17813characterised by the analysis of the acoustic paths, e.g. estimating, calibrating or testing of transfer functions or cross-terms G10K11/17815between the reference signals and the error signals, i.e. primary path G10K11/17817between the output signals and the error signals, i.e. secondary path G10K11/17819between the output signals and the reference signals, e.g. to prevent howling G10K11/17821characterised by the analysis of the input signals only G10K11/17823Reference signals, e.g. ambient acoustic environment G10K11/17825Error signals G10K11/17827Desired external signals, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech G10K11/1783handling or detecting of non-standard events or conditions, e.g. changing operating modes under specific operating conditions G10K11/17833by using a self-diagnostic function or a malfunction prevention function, e.g. detecting abnormal output levels G10K11/17835using detection of abnormal input signals G10K11/17837by retaining part of the ambient acoustic environment, e.g. speech or alarm signals that the user needs to hear G10K11/1785Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices G10K11/1781, G10K11/1783 take precedence G10K11/17853of the filter G10K11/17854the filter being an adaptive filter G10K11/17855for improving speed or power requirements G10K11/17857Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones G10K11/17861using additional means for damping sound, e.g. using sound absorbing panels G10K11/1787General system configurations G10K11/17873using a reference signal without an error signal, e.g. pure feedforward G10K11/17875using an error signal without a reference signal, e.g. pure feedback G10K11/17879using both a reference signal and an error signal G10K11/17881the reference signal being an acoustic signal, e.g. recorded with a microphone G10K11/17883the reference signal being derived from a machine operating condition, e.g. engine RPM or vehicle speed G10K11/17885additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speechWhen classifying in this group, classification is also made in the other appropriate groups under G10K11/1787. G10K11/18Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound G10K11/02, G10K11/36 take precedence G10K11/20Reflecting arrangements G10K11/28 takes precedence G10K11/205for underwater use G10K11/22for conducting sound through hollow pipes, e.g. speaking tubes G10K11/24for conducting sound through solid bodies, e.g. wires G10K11/26Sound-focusing or directing, e.g. scanning G10K11/28using reflection, e.g. parabolic reflectors G10K11/30using refraction, e.g. acoustic lenses G10K11/32characterised by the shape of the source G10K11/34using electrical steering of transducer arrays, e.g. beam steering constructional aspects B06B1/0607, B06B1/085 G10K11/341Circuits therefor G10K11/343using frequency variation or different frequencies G10K11/345using energy switching from one active element to another G10K11/346using phase variation G10K11/348using amplitude variation G10K11/35using mechanical steering of transducers or their beams G10K11/352by moving the transducer G10K11/355Arcuate movement G10K11/357by moving a reflector G10K11/36Devices for manipulating acoustic surface waves electro-acoustic amplifiers H03F13/00; networks comprising electro-acoustic elements H03H9/00 G10K13/00Cones, diaphragms, or the like, for emitting or receiving sound in general for electromechanical transducers H04R7/00 G10K15/00Acoustics not otherwise provided for G10K15/02Synthesis of acoustic waves synthesis of speech G10L13/00 see provisionally G10H e.g. G10H1/26 G10K15/04Sound-producing devices G10K15/02 takes precedence G10K15/043producing shock waves G10K15/046, G10K15/06 take precedence; generating seismic energy G01V1/02 G10K15/046using optical excitation, e.g. laser bundle G10K15/06using electric discharge G10K15/08Arrangements for producing a reverberation or echo sound modifying acoustic properties to change reverberation time G10K11/002 G10K15/10using time-delay networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices G10K15/12using electronic time-delay networks G10K2200/00 G10K2200/00Details of methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general G10K2200/10Beamforming, e.g. time reversal, phase conjugation or similar G10K2200/11Underwater, e.g. transducers for generating acoustic waves underwater G10K2210/00Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups G10K2210/10Applications G10K2210/101One dimensional G10K2210/102Two dimensional G10K2210/103Three dimensional G10K2210/104Aircos G10K2210/105Appliances, e.g. washing machines or dishwashers G10K2210/1051Camcorder G10K2210/1052Copiers or other image-forming apparatus, e.g. laser printer G10K2210/1053Hi-fi, i.e. anything involving music, radios or loudspeakers G10K2210/1054Refrigerators G10K2210/106Boxes, i.e. active box covering a noise sourceEnclosures G10K2210/107Combustion, e.g. burner noise control of jet engines internal combustion engines G10K2210/121 G10K2210/108Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled G10K2210/1081Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets G10K2210/1082Microphones, e.g. systems using "virtual" microphones G10K2210/109Compressors, e.g. fans G10K2210/11Computers, i.e. ANC of the noise created by cooling fan, hard drive or the like G10K2210/111Directivity control or beam pattern G10K2210/112Ducts vehicle exhausts G10K2210/12822 G10K2210/113Elevators G10K2210/114Feeders, i.e. of the vibrating kind G10K2210/115Impact noise, e.g. from typewriter or printer G10K2210/116MedicalDental G10K2210/1161NMR or MRI G10K2210/117Nonlinear G10K2210/118Panels, e.g. active sound-absorption panels or noise barriers G10K2210/119Radiation control, e.g. control of sound radiated by vibrating structures G10K2210/12Rooms, e.g. ANC inside a room, office, concert hall or automobile cabin G10K2210/121Rotating machines, e.g. engines, turbines, motorsPeriodic or quasi-periodic signals in general G10K2210/122Seismics G10K2210/123Synchrophasors or other applications where multiple noise sources are driven with a particular phase relationship G10K2210/124Traffic G10K2210/125Transformers G10K2210/126Transients G10K2210/127Underwater acoustics, e.g. for submarine G10K2210/128Vehicles G10K2210/1281Aircraft, e.g. spacecraft, airplane or helicopter G10K2210/1282Automobiles G10K2210/12821Rolling noiseWind and body noise G10K2210/12822Exhaust pipes or mufflers G10K2210/1283Trains, trams or the like G10K2210/129Vibration, e.g. instead of, or in addition to, acoustic noise G10K2210/1291Anti-Vibration-Control, e.g. reducing vibrations in panels or beams G10K2210/30Means G10K2210/301Computational G10K2210/3011Single acoustic input G10K2210/3012Algorithms G10K2210/3013Analogue, i.e. using analogue computers or circuits G10K2210/3014Adaptive noise equalizers [ANE], i.e. where part of the unwanted sound is retained G10K2210/3015Averaging, e.g. exponential G10K2210/3016Control strategies, e.g. energy minimization or intensity measurements G10K2210/3017Copy, i.e. whereby an estimated transfer function in one functional block is copied to another block G10K2210/3018Correlators, e.g. convolvers or coherence calculators G10K2210/3019Cross-terms between multiple in's and out's G10K2210/3021EigenfrequenciesEigenvalues, e.g. used to identify most significant couplings between actuators and sensors G10K2210/3022Error paths G10K2210/3023Estimation of noise, e.g. on error signals G10K2210/30231Sources, e.g. identifying noisy processes or components G10K2210/30232Transfer functions, e.g. impulse response G10K2210/3024Expert systems, e.g. artificial intelligence G10K2210/3025Determination of spectrum characteristics, e.g. FFT G10K2210/3026Feedback G10K2210/3027Feedforward G10K2210/3028Filtering, e.g. Kalman filters or special analogue or digital filters G10K2210/30281Lattice filters G10K2210/3029Fuzzy logicGenetic algorithms G10K2210/3031Hardware, e.g. architecture G10K2210/3032Harmonics or sub-harmonics G10K2210/3033Information contained in memory, e.g. stored signals or transfer functions G10K2210/3034Integrators G10K2210/3035Models, e.g. of the acoustic system G10K2210/30351Identification of the environment for applying appropriate model characteristics G10K2210/3036Modes, e.g. vibrational or spatial modes G10K2210/3037Monitoring various blocks in the flow chart G10K2210/3038Neural networks G10K2210/3039Nonlinear, e.g. clipping, numerical truncation, thresholding or variable input and output gain G10K2210/30391Resetting of the filter parameters or changing the algorithm according to prevailing conditions G10K2210/3041Offline G10K2210/3042Parallel processing G10K2210/3043Phase locked loops [PLL] G10K2210/3044Phase shift, e.g. complex envelope processing G10K2210/3045Multiple acoustic inputs, single acoustic output G10K2210/3046Multiple acoustic inputs, multiple acoustic outputs G10K2210/3047Prediction, e.g. of future values of noise G10K2210/3048Pretraining, e.g. to identify transfer functions G10K2210/3049Random noise used, e.g. in model identification G10K2210/3051Sampling, e.g. variable rate, synchronous, decimated or interpolated G10K2210/3052Simulation G10K2210/3053Speeding up computation or convergence, or decreasing the computational load G10K2210/3054Stepsize variation G10K2210/3055Transfer function of the acoustic system G10K2210/3056Variable gain G10K2210/3057Variation of parameters to test for optimisation G10K2210/321Physical G10K2210/3211Active mounts for vibrating structures with means to actively suppress the vibration, e.g. for vehicles G10K2210/3212Actuator details, e.g. composition or microstructure G10K2210/32121Fluid amplifiers, e.g. modulated gas flow speaker using electrovalves G10K2210/3213Automatic gain control [AGC] G10K2210/3214Architectures, e.g. special constructional features or arrangements of features G10K2210/3215Arrays, e.g. for beamforming G10K2210/3216Cancellation means disposed in the vicinity of the source G10K2210/3217Collocated sensor and cancelling actuator, e.g. "virtual earth" designs G10K2210/3218Filters other than the algorithm-related filters G10K2210/3219Geometry of the configuration G10K2210/3221Headrests, seats or the like, for personal ANC systems G10K2210/3222Manual tuning G10K2210/3223Materials, e.g. special compositions or gases G10K2210/3224Passive absorbers G10K2210/3225Radio or other sources used in ANC for transfer function estimationMeans to avoid interference between desired signals, e.g. from a car stereo, and the ANC signal G10K2210/3226Sensor details, e.g. for producing a reference or error signal G10K2210/3227Resonators G10K2210/32271Active resonators G10K2210/32272Helmholtz resonators G10K2210/3228Shunts G10K2210/3229Transducers G10K2210/32291Plates or thin films, e.g. PVDF foil-type piezo-electric elements B06B1/0688 G10K2210/50Miscellaneous G10K2210/501Acceleration, e.g. for accelerometers G10K2210/502Ageing, e.g. of the control system G10K2210/503DiagnosticsStabilityAlarmsFailsafe G10K2210/504Calibration G10K2210/505Echo cancellation, e.g. multipath-, ghost- or reverberation-cancellation G10K2210/506Feedback, e.g. howling G10K2210/507Flow or turbulence G10K2210/508Reviews on ANC in general, e.g. literature G10K2210/509Hybrid, i.e. combining different technologies, e.g. passive and active G10K2210/51Improving tonal quality, e.g. mimicking sports cars G10K2210/511Narrow band, e.g. implementations for single frequency cancellation G10K2210/512Wide band, e.g. non-recurring signals