C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL preliminary treatment of ferrous ores or scrap C22B1/00; electric heating H05BThis subclass covers: the production of iron or steel from source materials, e.g. the production of pig-iron; apparatus specially adapted therefor, e.g. blast furnaces or air heaters. In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. C21B3/00 C21B3/00General features in the manufacture of pig-iron mixers for pig-iron C21C1/06 C21B3/02by applying additives, e.g. fluxing agents C21B3/04Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag C21B3/06Treatment of liquid slag slag wool C03B; slag stones C04B C21B3/08Cooling slag C21B3/10Slag potsSlag cars C21B5/00Making pig-iron in the blast furnace C21B5/001Injecting additional fuel or reducing agents C21B5/002Heated electrically (plasma) C21B5/003Injection of pulverulent coal C21B5/004Injection of slurries C21B2005/005Selection or treatment of the reducing gases C21B5/006Automatically controlling the process C21B5/007Conditions of the cokes or characterised by the cokes used C21B5/008Composition or distribution of the charge C21B5/02Making special pig-iron, e.g. by applying additives, e.g. oxides of other metals C21B5/023Injection of the additives into the melting part C21B5/026of plastic material C21B5/04Making slag of special composition C21B5/06using top gas in the blast furnace process in coke ovens C10B C21B7/00Blast furnaces lifts associated with blast furnaces B66B9/06 C21B7/002Evacuating and treating of exhaust gases C21B7/005Bleeder valves or slides C21B7/007Controlling or regulating of the top pressure C21B7/02Internal forms C21B7/04with special refractories refractory materials C04B C21B7/06Linings for furnaces C21B7/08Top armourings C21B7/10CoolingDevices therefor C21B7/103Detection of leakages of the cooling liquid C21B7/106Cooling of the furnace bottom C21B7/12Opening or sealing the tap holes C21B7/125Refractory plugging mass C21B7/14Discharging devices, e.g. for slag C21B7/16Tuyéres C21B7/163Blowpipe assembly C21B7/166Tuyere replacement apparatus C21B7/18Bell-and-hopper arrangements C21B7/20with appliances for distributing the burden C21B7/205Details concerning the gear-box driving the charge distribution system C21B7/22Dust arresters C21B7/24Test rods or other checking devices C21B9/00Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces C21B9/02Brick hot-blast stoves C21B9/04with combustion shaft C21B9/06Linings C21B9/08Iron hot-blast stoves C21B9/10Other details, e.g. blast mains C21B9/12Hot-blast valves or slides for blast furnaces valves in general F16K C21B9/14Preheating the combustion air C21B9/16Cooling or drying the hot-blast C21B11/00Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces C21B11/02in low shaft furnaces or shaft furnaces C21B11/06in rotary kilns C21B11/08in hearth-type furnaces C21B11/10in electric furnaces C21B13/00Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes C21B13/0006obtaining iron or steel in a molten state C21B13/0013introduction of iron oxide into a bath of molten iron containing a carbon reductant C21B13/002Reduction of iron ores by passing through a heated column of carbon C21B13/0026introduction of iron oxide in the flame of a burner or a hot gas stream C21B13/0033In fluidised bed furnaces or apparatus containing a dispersion of the material C21B13/004in a continuous way by reduction from ores C21B13/0046making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide C21B13/0053On a massing grate C21B13/006Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides C21B13/0066Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant C21B13/0073Selection or treatment of the reducing gases C21B13/008Use of special additives or fluxing agents C21B13/0086Conditioning, transformation of reduced iron ores C21B13/0093Protecting against oxidation C21B13/02in shaft furnaces C21B13/023wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state C21B13/026heated electrically C21B13/029Introducing coolant gas in the shaft furnaces C21B13/04in retorts C21B13/06in multi-storied furnaces C21B13/08in rotary furnaces C21B13/085wherein iron or steel is obtained in a molten state C21B13/10in hearth-type furnaces C21B13/105Rotary hearth-type furnaces C21B13/12in electric furnaces C21B13/125By using plasma C21B13/14Multi-stage processes processes carried out in different vessels or furnaces C21B13/143Injection of partially reduced ore into a molten bath C21B13/146Multi-step reduction without melting C21B15/00Other processes for the manufacture of iron from iron compounds general methods of reducing to metal C22B5/00; by electrolysis C25C1/06 C21B15/003By using nuclear energy C21B15/006By a chloride process C21B15/02Metallothermic processes, e.g. thermit reduction C21B15/04from iron carbonyl C21B2100/00 C21B2100/00Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel C21B2100/20Increasing the gas reduction potential of recycled exhaust gases C21B2100/22by reforming C21B2100/24by shift reactions C21B2100/26by adding additional fuel in recirculation pipes C21B2100/28by separation C21B2100/282of carbon dioxide C21B2100/284of nitrogen C21B2100/40Gas purification of exhaust gases to be recirculated or used in other metallurgical processes C21B2100/42Sulphur removal C21B2100/44Removing particles, e.g. by scrubbing, dedusting C21B2100/60Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel C21B2100/62Energy conversion other than by heat exchange, e.g. by use of exhaust gas in energy production C21B2100/64Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature C21B2100/66Heat exchange C21B2100/80Interaction of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel with other processes C21B2200/00Recycling of non-gaseous waste material C21B2300/00Process aspects C21B2300/02Particular sequence of the process steps C21B2300/04Modeling of the process, e.g. for control purposesCII C21B2400/00Treatment of slags originating from iron or steel processes C21B2400/02Physical or chemical treatment of slags C21B2400/022Methods of cooling or quenching molten slag C21B2400/024with the direct use of steam or liquid coolants, e.g. water C21B2400/026using air, inert gases or removable conductive bodies C21B2400/028with the permanent addition of cooled slag or other solids C21B2400/03Removing sulfur C21B2400/032Separating slag from liquid, e.g. from water, after quenching C21B2400/034Stirring or agitating by pressurised fluids or by moving apparatus C21B2400/04Specific shape of slag after cooling C21B2400/042Sheets C21B2400/044Briquettes or moulded bodies other than sheets C21B2400/05Apparatus features C21B2400/052including rotating parts C21B2400/054Disc-shaped or conical parts for cooling, dispersing or atomising of molten slag rotating along vertical axis C21B2400/056Drums whereby slag is poured on or in between C21B2400/058Rotating beds on which slag is cooled C21B2400/06Conveyors on which slag is cooled C21B2400/062Jet nozzles or pressurised fluids for cooling, fragmenting or atomising slag C21B2400/064Thermally-conductive removable bodies, e.g. balls C21B2400/066Receptacle features where the slag is treated C21B2400/068with a sealed or controlled environment C21B2400/07open to atmosphere C21B2400/072Tanks to collect the slag, e.g. water tank C21B2400/074Tower structures for cooling, being confined but not sealed C21B2400/076Fluidised bed for cooling C21B2400/08with energy recovery