D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL weaving D03; knitting D04B; braiding D04C; net-making D04G; sewing D05B; tufting D05C; finishing non-woven fabrics D06FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICSCOTTON-WOOLWADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATIONnon-woven fabrics having an intermediate or external layer of a different kind, e.g. of woven fabric, B32BIn this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated:"non-woven fabrics" means fabrics formed wholly or partly of textile material by processes comprising operations other than the weaving, knitting, braiding, lacing or knotting of yarns, threads or filaments for which provision is made in other subclasses of section D. This expression includes felts, cotton-wool and wadding;"fibre" means a relatively-short, elongated member of natural or man-made material;"filament" means an endless or quasi-endless, elongated member of natural or man-made material;"yarn" means a unitary assembly of fibres, usually produced by spinning;"thread" means an assembly of yarns or filaments, usually produced by twisting;"synthetic" fibres or filaments means fibres or filaments or the like manufactured from synthesising polymers or small molecules. Examples are polyamide, acrylic, polyester or carbon fibres;"artificial" fibres or filaments means fibres or filaments or the like manufactured by man from natural polymers or their derivatives. Examples are regenerated cellulosic fibres or semi-synthetic fibres;"man-made" fibres or filaments means fibres or filaments which are manufactured by man including "synthetic" or "artificial" fibres. In this subclass:some of the non-woven fabrics can also be regarded as "layered products" within the meaning of subclass B32B, and further classification in that subclass should be considered in accordance with the notes thereto;in cases where the making of non-woven fabrics involves the use of particular chemical compounds or compositions, e.g. for treating or bonding fibres, filaments or yarns, further classification in other appropriate subclasses should also be considered. By varying the proportions of fibres or threads, and the chemical compounds or compositions, the final products may be given the appearance of paper, cardboard, leather or the like.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. D04H1/00Kinds or types of non-woven fabricsApparatus or processes for making such products D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres D04H1/005Making three-dimensional articles by consolidation D04H1/22 takes precedence This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backfile is being reclassified into groups D04H1/00, D04H1/42 D04H1/02Cotton woolWadding D04H1/04from fleeces or layers composed of fibres having existing or potential cohesive properties, e.g. natural fibres, prestretched or fibrillated artificial fibres felting apparatus D04H17/00 D04H1/06by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres Groups D04H1/067 and D04H1/073 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/06 D04H1/067Regenerated cellulose series D04H1/073Acrylonitrile series D04H1/08and hardened by feltingFelts or felted products D04H1/09Silk Group D04H1/09 is not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/08 D04H1/10Felts made from mixtures of fibres D04H1/12and incorporating artificial organic fibres D04H1/14and incorporating inorganic fibres D04H1/16Laminated felts in which the separate layers are united by a felting process D04H1/20Felts incorporating inserts or attachments, e.g. for ornamental purposes D04H1/22Three-dimensional articles formed by felting processes D04H1/24Covers felted on to three-dimensional articles D04H1/26Wood pulp D04H1/28Regenerated cellulose series D04H1/30Collagen D04H1/32Synthetic pulp D04H1/40from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties Groups D04H1/407 and D04H1/413 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/40
Group D04H1/407 is not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/40 D04H1/407containing absorbing substances, e.g. activated carbon D04H1/413containing granules other than absorbent substances D04H1/42characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece Groups D04H1/4209 - D04H1/52 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/4209 and other subgroups of D04H1/42 D04H1/4209Inorganic fibres D04H1/4218Glass fibres D04H1/4226characterised by the apparatus for manufacturing the glass fleece D04H1/4234Metal fibres D04H1/4242Carbon fibres D04H1/425Cellulose series D04H1/4258Regenerated cellulose series D04H1/4266Natural fibres not provided for in group D04H1/425 D04H1/4274RagsFabric scraps D04H1/4282Addition polymers D04H1/4291Olefin series D04H1/43Acrylonitrile series D04H1/4309Polyvinyl alcohol D04H1/4318Fluorine series D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers D04H1/4334Polyamides D04H1/4342Aromatic polyamides D04H1/435Polyesters D04H1/4358Polyurethanes D04H1/4366Phenol series D04H1/4374using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs D04H1/4382Stretched reticular film fibresComposite fibresMixed fibresUltrafine fibresFibres for artificial leather D04H1/43825Composite fibres D04H1/43828sheath-core D04H1/4383sea-island D04H1/43832side-by-side D04H1/43835Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends D04H1/43838Ultrafine fibres, e.g. microfibres D04H1/4391characterised by the shape of the fibres D04H1/43912fibres with noncircular cross-sections D04H1/43914hollow fibres D04H1/43916microcellular fibres, e.g. porous or foamed fibres D04H1/43918nonlinear fibres, e.g. crimped or coiled fibres D04H1/44the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling D04H1/45by forming intermeshing loops or stitches from some of the fibres D04H1/46by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres D04H1/45 takes precedence; needling machines D04H18/00 D04H1/465Hydraulic needling This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups, D04H1/46, D04H1/492, D04H1/495 and D04H18/04 D04H1/48in combination with at least one other method of consolidation D04H1/482in combination with shrinkage D04H1/485in combination with weld-bonding D04H1/488in combination with bonding agents D04H1/49entanglement by fluid jet in combination with another consolidation means D04H1/492by fluid jet D04H1/49 takes precedence D04H1/495for formation of patterns, e.g. drilling or rearrangement D04H1/498entanglement of layered webs D04H1/50by treatment to produce shrinking, swelling, crimping or curling of fibres in combination with needling D04H1/482 D04H1/52by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements D04H1/54by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving in combination with needling D04H1/485 D04H1/5405at spaced points or locations This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups, D04H1/54 and sub-groups D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-sideMixed fibres D04H1/5412sheath-core D04H1/5414side-by-side D04H1/5416sea-island D04H1/5418Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends D04H1/542Adhesive fibres D04H1/544Olefin series D04H1/545Polyvinyl alcohol D04H1/546Polyvinyl acetate D04H1/548Acrylonitrile series D04H1/549Polyamides D04H1/55Polyesters D04H1/551Resins thereof not provided for in groups D04H1/544 - D04H1/55 D04H1/552by applying solvents or auxiliary agents D04H1/554by radio-frequency heating D04H1/555by ultrasonic heating D04H1/556by infrared heating D04H1/558in combination with mechanical or physical treatments other than embossing D04H1/559the fibres being within layered webs D04H1/56in association with fibre formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion of staple fibres D04H1/565by melt-blowing This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups, D04H1/54 and sub-groups D04H1/58by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives in combination with needling D04H1/488 Groups D04H1/587 - D04H1/68 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also groups D04H1/64 and other subgroups of D04H1/58 D04H1/587characterised by the bonding agents used D04H1/593to layered webs D04H1/60the bonding agent being applied in dry state, e.g. thermo-activatable agents in solid or molten state, and heat being applied subsequently D04H1/62at spaced points or locations D04H1/64the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions D04H1/641characterised by the chemical composition of the bonding agent This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups and D04H1/64 and sub-groups D04H1/642characterised by the impregnation or treatment-process or apparatus This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups and D04H1/645 and sub-groups D04H1/643characterised by a combination of the chemical composition and the impregnation or treatment process or apparatus This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/42 and sub-groups and D04H1/645 and sub-groups D04H1/645Impregnation followed by a solidification process D04H1/65using mixed or composite fibres D04H1/655characterised by the apparatus for applying bonding agents D04H1/66at spaced points or locations D04H1/68 takes precedence D04H1/68the bonding agent being applied in the form of foam D04H1/70characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres Groups D04H1/72 - D04H1/76 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H1/72 D04H1/72the fibres being randomly arranged D04H1/724forming webs during fibre formation, e.g. flash-spinning D04H1/728by electro-spinning electro-spinning methods and apparatus D01D5/0007 D04H1/732by fluid current, e.g. air-lay D04H1/736characterised by the apparatus for arranging fibres D04H1/728, D04H1/732 take precedence D04H1/74the fibres being orientated, e.g. in parallel (anisotropic fleeces) D04H1/76otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length D04H3/002Inorganic yarns or filaments D04H3/004Glass yarns or filaments D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments D04H3/013 takes precedence D04H3/007Addition polymers D04H3/009Condensation or reaction polymers D04H3/011Polyesters D04H3/013Regenerated cellulose series D04H3/015Natural yarns or filaments D04H3/016characterised by the fineness D04H3/018characterised by the shape D04H3/02characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments D04H3/03at random D04H3/033reorientation immediately after yarn or filament formation D04H3/037reorientation by liquid D04H3/04in rectilinear paths, e.g. crossing at right angles D04H3/045for net manufacturing D04H3/05in another pattern, e.g. zig-zag, sinusoidal D04H3/04 takes precedence D04H3/07otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way D04H3/073Hollow cylinder shaped D04H3/077Stick, rod or solid cylinder shaped D04H3/08characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating D04H3/10with bonds between yarns or filaments made mechanically D04H3/102by needling This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H3/002 - D04H3/018, D04H3/105 and D04H3/11 D04H3/105by needling needling machines D04H18/00 D04H3/11by fluid jet D04H3/115by applying or inserting filamentary binding elements D04H3/12with filaments or yarns secured together by chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents, e.g. adhesives, applied or incorporated in liquid or solid form D04H3/14with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding D04H3/147Composite yarns or filaments D04H3/153Mixed yarns or filaments D04H3/16with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion D04H3/163at spaced points or locations This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H3/002 - D04H3/018, and D04H3/16 D04H3/166the filaments being flash-spun This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H3/002 - D04H3/018, and D04H3/16 D04H5/00Non woven fabrics formed of mixtures of relatively short fibres and yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length Groups D04H5/02 - D04H5/12 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H5/02 and other subgroups of D04H5/00 D04H5/02strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods, e.g. needling needling machines D04H18/00 D04H5/03by fluid jet D04H5/04strengthened or consolidated by applying or incorporating chemical or thermo-activatable bonding agents in solid or liquid form D04H5/06strengthened or consolidated by welding-together thermoplastic fibres, filaments, or yarns D04H5/08characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres or yarns D04H5/10otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way D04H5/12Glass fibres D04H11/00Non-woven pile fabrics layered products forming non-woven pile fabrics B32B D04H11/04formed by zig-zag folding of a fleece or layer of staple fibres, filaments, or yarns, strengthened or consolidated at the folds D04H11/08formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking needling machines D04H18/00 D04H13/00Other non-woven fabrics D04H13/001Making non-woven fabrics from staple fibres, filaments or yarns, bonded to at least one web-like material, e.g. woven, knitted non-woven fabric, paper, leather, during consolidation This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/4374 and B32B D04H13/002characterised by the disposition or nature of their elements This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/4374 and B32B D04H13/003strengthened or consolidated by mechanical methods needling machines D04H18/00; knitting D04B, sewing D05B This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/4374, D04H1/44, D04H1/45 and sub-groups, D04H1/52, D04H3/105, D04H3/11, D04H3/115, D04H5/02 - D04H5/08 and B32B D04H13/005by needling This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/46 and sub-groups, D04H1/593, D04H3/105, D04H3/11, D04H3/115, D04H5/02 - D04H5/08 and B32B D04H13/006strengthened or consolidated by the use of bonding agents in solid or liquid form This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/48 and sub-groups, D04H1/498, D04H5/04 and B32B D04H13/007strengthened or consolidated by welding together the various components This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H13/00, D04H1/54 and sub-groups, D04H1/559, D04H5/06 and B32B D04H13/008Glass fibre products; Complete installations for making them This group is no longer used for the classification of new documents as from 2011-04-01. The backlog of this group is being continuously reclassified to D04H1/4218, D04H1/4226; D04H3/002 and D04H5/12 D04H13/02Production of non-woven fabrics by partial defibrillation of oriented thermoplastics films D04H17/00Felting apparatus D04H17/10for felting between rollers, e.g. heated rollers D04H17/12Multi-roller apparatus D04H18/00Needling machines Groups D04H18/02 and D04H18/04 are not complete pending a reorganisation. See also group D04H18/00 D04H18/02with needles D04H18/04with water jets