B23QDETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING tools of the kind used in lathes or boring machines B23B27/00MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTSCOMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULTIn this subclass, groups designating parts of machine tools cover machine tools characterised by constructional features of such parts.In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "controlling" means influencing a variable in any way, e.g. changing its direction or its value (including changing it to or from zero), maintaining it constant, limiting its range of variation; "regulation" means maintaining a variable automatically at a desired value or within a desired range of values. The desired value or range may be fixed, or manually varied, or may vary with time according to a predetermined "programme" or according to variation of another variable. Regulation is a form of control; "automatic control" is often used in the art as a synonym for regulation."Machine tool" means a mechanical working machine that removes material from a workpiece with a mechanical cutting edge to perform a shaping operation, essentially through drilling, milling, turning or cutting, e.g. sawing. The workpiece is generally made of metal, wood or plastic and is not a human body, food or clothes.Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of class B23.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B23Q1/00 B23Q1/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of machine, particularly relatively large fixed members B23Q37/00 takes precedence ; positioning supports for measuring arrangements G01B5/0004; motorised alignment for optical elements G02B7/005; handling of mask or wafer G03F7/70691; adjusting or compensating devices for optical apparatuses G12B5/00; piezoelectric or electrostrictive positioners H10N30/20 B23Q1/0009Energy-transferring means or control lines for movable machine parts; Control panels or boxes; Control parts control handles for driving or feeding mechanisms B23Q5/54 B23Q1/0018comprising hydraulic means B23Q1/0027between moving parts between which an uninterrupted energy-transfer connection is maintained B23Q1/0036one of those parts being a tool B23Q1/0045Control panels or boxes B23Q1/0054Means for adjusting the position of a machine tool with respect to its supporting surface B23Q1/262 takes precedence B23Q1/0063Connecting non-slidable parts of machine tools to each other B23Q1/0072using a clamping opening for receiving an insertion bolt or nipple B23Q1/0081using an expanding clamping member insertable in a receiving hole B23Q1/009the receiving hole being cylindrical or conical B23Q1/01Frames, beds, pillars or like membersArrangement of ways B23Q1/012Portals B23Q1/015Frames, beds, pillars B23Q1/017Arrangements of ways B23Q1/03Stationary work or tool supports B23Q1/70 takes precedence; auxiliary tables B23Q1/74; tailstocks B23B23/00 B23Q1/032characterised by properties of the support surface B23Q1/035with an array of longitudinally movable rods defining a reconfigurable support surface B23Q1/037comprising series of support elements whose relative distance is adjustable B23Q1/25Movable or adjustable work or tool supports B23Q1/26characterised by constructional features relating to the co-operation of relatively movable membersMeans for preventing relative movement of such members bearings for linearly moving parts F16C29/00 B23Q1/262with means to adjust the distance between the relatively slidable members if the adjusting means depends on the position of the slidable members B23Q1/30 B23Q1/265between rotating members B23Q1/267with means to prevent skewness between the relatively slidable members B23Q1/28Means for securing sliding members in any desired position B23Q1/282co-operating with means to adjust the distance between the relatively slidable members B23Q1/285for securing two or more members simultaneously or selectively B23Q1/287using a hydraulically controlled membrane acting directly upon a sliding member B23Q1/30controlled in conjunction with the feed mechanism B23Q1/32Relative movement obtained by co-operating spherical surfaces, e.g. ball-and-socket joints B23Q1/34Relative movement obtained by use of deformable elements, e.g. piezo-electric, magnetostrictive, elastic or thermally-dilatable elements sensitive elements capable of producing movement or displacement for purposes not limited to measurement G12B1/00 B23Q1/36Springs B23Q1/38using fluid bearings or fluid cushion supports B23Q1/385in which the thickness of the fluid-layer is adjustable B23Q1/40using ball, roller or wheel arrangements B23Q1/42using T-, V-, dovetail-section or like guides B23Q1/40 takes precedence B23Q1/44using particular mechanisms B23Q1/26 takes precedence In this group, the following expressions are used with the meaning indicated:"sliding pair" means a pair consisting of two elements operating in such a way that only straight line movement between both elements is possible;"rotating pair" means a pair consisting of two elements operating in such a way that only rotary movement between both elements is possible;"screw pair" means a pair consisting of two elements operating in such a way as to produce simultaneous rotation and axial translation between both elements.In this group, where more than one pair of elements is provided on the same axis for the same kind of movement, the pairs are regarded as a single pair for the purposes of classification. B23Q1/445using a first carriage for a smaller workspace mounted on a second carriage for a larger workspace, both carriages moving on the same axes B23Q1/46with screw pairs B23Q1/48with sliding pairs and rotating pairs B23Q1/46 takes precedence B23Q1/4804a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4809followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4814followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4819followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4823followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4828a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4833followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4838followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4842followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4847followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4852a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4857followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4861followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4866followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4871followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4876a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/488followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/4885followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/489followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/4895followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/50with rotating pairs only , the rotating pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism B23Q1/52a single rotating pair B23Q1/522which is perpendicular to the working surface B23Q1/525which is parallel to the working surface B23Q1/527with a ring or tube in which a workpiece is fixed coaxially to the degree of freedom B23Q1/54two rotating pairs only B23Q1/5406a single rotating pair followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/545 takes precedence B23Q1/5412followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/5418followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/5425followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/5431followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/5437and in which the degree of freedom, which belongs to the working surface, is perpendicular to this surface B23Q1/5443and in which the degree of freedom, which belongs to the working surface, is parallel to this surface B23Q1/545comprising spherical surfaces B23Q1/5456with one supplementary rotating pair B23Q1/5462with one supplementary sliding pair B23Q1/5468a single rotating pair followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/5475followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/5481followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/5487followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/5493followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/56with sliding pairs only , the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism B23Q1/58a single sliding pair B23Q1/585perpendicular to the working surface B23Q1/60two sliding pairs only , the sliding pairs being the first two elements of the mechanism B23Q1/601a single sliding pair followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/603followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/605followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/606followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/608followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/62with perpendicular axes, e.g. cross-slides B23Q1/621a single sliding pair followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/623followed perpendicularly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/625followed parallelly by a single rotating pair B23Q1/626followed perpendicularly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/628followed parallelly by a single sliding pair B23Q1/64characterised by the purpose of the movement indexing equipment B23Q16/02 B23Q1/66Worktables interchangeably movable into operating positions B23Q1/68for withdrawing tool or work during reverse movement B23Q1/70Stationary or movable members for carrying working-spindles for attachment of tools or work B23Q1/01 takes precedence; designed to be moved by using particular mechanisms B23Q1/44 B23Q1/703Spindle extensions B23Q1/706Movable members, e.g. swinging arms B23Q1/72Auxiliary arrangementsInterconnections between auxiliary tables and movable machine elements independent of machine tool B23Q3/105 B23Q1/74Auxiliary tables B23Q1/76SteadiesRests B23B13/126 takes precedence; steadies combined with cutting tool holders B23B29/16 B23Q1/763Rotating steadies or rests B23Q1/766Steadies or rests moving together with the tool support B23Q3/00Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine work-tables or other parts, e.g. faceplates, normally not incorporating means for securing work B23Q1/00; automatic position control B23Q15/00 ; food cutting boards A47J47/00; workpiece support for dies B21D37/02; rotary tool heads for turning-machines B23B3/24, B23B3/26; non-driven tool holders B23B29/00; general features of turrets B23B29/24 ; drawbars in spindles B23B31/261; for electrical discharge machining B23H11/003; for welding B23K37/04; means for securing grinding wheels B24B45/00; mountings for abrasive wheels B24D5/16; tools or bench devices for fastening, connecting, disengaging or holding B25B ; chucks for percussive tools B25D17/084; work benches for manual work B25H1/00; devices for securing circular saw blades B27B5/32; for assembling or manufacturing aircrafts B64F5/10; for holding semiconductors or wafers H01L21/67; devices for holding circuit boards H05K13/0061 B23Q3/002Means to press a workpiece against a guide B23Q3/005Guides for workpieces B23Q3/007provided with measuring means allowing the positioning of the guides B23Q3/02for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part B23Q3/15 takes precedence B23Q3/04adjustable in inclination B23Q3/06Work-clamping means B23Q3/061adapted for holding a plurality of workpieces B23Q3/062adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material B23Q3/063for holding turbine blades B23Q3/064for holding elongated workpieces, e.g. pipes, bars or profiles B23Q3/065for holding workpieces being specially deformable, e.g. made from thin-walled or elastic material B23Q3/066Bench vices B23Q3/067Blocks with collet chucks B23Q3/068fluid-operated B23Q3/069for pressing workpieces against a work-table B23Q3/08other than mechanically-actuated B23Q3/061, B23Q3/066, and B23Q3/067 take precedence B23Q3/082hydraulically actuated B23Q3/084using adhesive means B23Q3/086using a solidifying liquid, e.g. with freezing, setting or hardening means B23Q3/088using vacuum means B23Q3/10Auxiliary devices, e.g. bolsters, extension members devices for holding usually unilaterally-held tools at a second side, devices supporting a workpiece against cutting forces B23Q1/76 B23Q3/101for supporting a workpiece during its transport to or from a tool holder B23Q3/102for fixing elements in slots B23Q3/103Constructional elements used for constructing work holders B23Q3/104V-blocks B23Q3/105Auxiliary supporting devices independent of the machine tool B23Q3/106extendable members, e.g. extension members B23Q3/107with positive adjustment means B23Q3/108with non-positive adjustment means B23Q3/12for securing to a spindle in general B23Q3/152 takes precedence; chucks B23B31/02 B23Q3/14Mandrels in general expansion mandrels B23B31/40 B23Q3/15Devices for holding work using magnetic or electric force acting directly on the work B23Q3/152Rotary devices B23Q3/154Stationary devices B23Q3/1543using electromagnets B23Q3/1546using permanent magnets B23Q3/155Arrangements for automatic insertion or removal of tools , e.g. combined with manual handling B23Q7/046 takes precedence B23Q3/15503Processes characterized by special sequencing of operations or the like, e.g. for optimizing tool changing time or capacity in tool storage B23Q3/15506the tool being inserted in a tool holder directly from a storage device (without transfer device) B23Q3/15513the tool being taken from a storage device and transferred to a tool holder by means of transfer devices B23Q3/1552parts of devices for automatically inserting or removing tools B23Q3/15526Storage devices; Drive mechanisms thereforWhen classifying in this group or one of its subgroups the usage of indexing codes B23Q2003/15527 – B23Q2003/15532, B23Q2003/15537 is obligatory. B23Q2003/15527the storage device including means to latch tools B23Q2003/15528the storage device including means to project tools therefrom, e.g. for transferring them B23Q2003/1553by rectilinear projection B23Q2003/15531by pivoting projection movement B23Q2003/15532the storage device including tool pots, adaptors or the like B23Q3/15533combined with manual tool transfers B23Q3/15534Magazines mounted on the spindle B23Q3/15536Non-rotary fixed racks B23Q2003/15537Linearly moving storage devices B23Q3/15539Plural magazines, e.g. involving tool transfer from one magazine to another involving manual operation B23Q3/15533 B23Q3/1554Transfer mechanisms, e.g. tool gripping arms; Drive mechanisms thereforeWhen classifying in this group the usage of indexing codes B23Q2003/155404 – B23Q2003/155456 is obligatory. B23Q2003/155404the transfer mechanism comprising a single gripper B23Q2003/155407linearly movable B23Q2003/155411pivotable B23Q2003/155414the transfer mechanism comprising two or more grippers B23Q2003/155418the grippers moving together B23Q2003/155421the grippers moving independently from each other B23Q2003/155425pivotable B23Q2003/155428about a common axis B23Q2003/155432about different axes B23Q2003/155435and linearly movable B23Q2003/155439along the pivoting axis B23Q2003/155442radially to the pivoting axis B23Q2003/155446with translation of the pivoting axis B23Q2003/155449linearly movable only B23Q2003/155453including different gripper configurations for holding differently-configured tools B23Q2003/155456using separate transfer mechanisms for each tool in the magazine B23Q3/15546Devices for recognizing tools in a storage device, e.g. coding devices B23Q3/15553Tensioning devices or tool holders, e.g. grippers driving working-spindles and adjusting or stopping them in a predetermined angular position B23Q5/20; securing milling cutters to the driving spindle in a given angular position B23C5/26 B23Q3/1556of non-rotary tools in combination with rotary tools: B23Q3/15506, B23Q3/15513 B23Q3/15566the tool being inserted in a tool holder directly from a storage device, i.e. without using transfer devices B23Q3/15573the tool being taken from a storage device and transferred to a tool holder by means of transfer devices B23Q2003/1558involving insertion or removal of other machine components together with the removal or insertion of tools or tool holders B23Q2003/15586of tools in turrets B23Q3/157of rotary tools in combination with non-rotary tools B23Q3/15506, B23Q3/15513 B23Q3/15706a single tool being inserted in a spindle directly from a storage device, i.e. without using transfer devices B23Q3/15786 takes precedence B23Q3/15713a transfer device taking a single tool from a storage device and inserting it in a spindle B23Q3/15793 takes precedence B23Q3/1572the storage device comprising rotating or circulating storing means B23Q3/15722Rotary discs or drums B23Q3/15724Chains or belts B23Q3/15726the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane parallel to the axis of the spindle B23Q3/15733the axis of the stored tools being arranged in the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means B23Q3/1574the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means B23Q3/15746the storage means comprising pivotable tool storage elements B23Q3/15753the storage means rotating or circulating in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle B23Q3/1576the axis of the stored tools being arranged in the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means B23Q3/15766the axis of the stored tools being arranged perpendicularly to the rotating or circulating plane of the storage means B23Q3/15773a transfer device taking the tool from a storage device and passing it on to other transfer devices, which insert it in a spindle B23Q3/1578for tool transfer in a machine tool with a horizontal and a vertical spindle; for tool transfer in a machine tool with a spindle having variable orientation B23Q3/15786a plurality of tools being inserted simultaneously in a plurality of spindles directly from a storage device, i.e. without using transfer devices B23Q3/15793a transfer device simultaneously taking a plurality of tools and inserting them simultaneously in a plurality of spindles B23Q3/16controlled in conjunction with the operation of the tool B23Q3/18for positioning only B23Q3/183Centering devices B23Q3/186Aligning devices B23Q5/00Driving or feeding mechanismsControl arrangements therefor automatic control B23Q15/00; copying B23Q33/00, B23Q35/00; specially adapted for boring or drilling machines B23B39/10, B23B47/00; numerical programme-control of machine tools G05B19/18 B23Q2005/005Driving or feeding mechanisms with a low and a high speed mode B23Q5/02Driving main working members B23Q5/027reciprocating members B23Q5/033driven essentially by fluid pressure B23Q5/04rotary shafts, e.g. working-spindles B23Q5/041Spindle-reversing devices B23Q5/043Accessories for spindle drives B23Q5/045Angle drives B23Q5/046Offset spindle drives B23Q5/048Speed-changing devices B23Q5/06driven essentially by fluid pressure or pneumatic power B23Q5/08electrically controlled B23Q5/10driven essentially by electrical means B23Q5/12Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio B23Q5/14step-by-step B23Q5/142mechanically-operated B23Q5/145fluid-operated B23Q5/147electrically-operated B23Q5/16infinitely-variable B23Q5/162mechanically-operated B23Q5/165fluid-operated B23Q5/167electrically-operated B23Q5/18Devices for preselecting speed of working-spindle B23Q5/20Adjusting or stopping working-spindles in a predetermined position B23Q5/22Feeding members carrying tools or work B23Q5/225not mechanically connected to the main drive, e.g. with separate motors connected to main drive through servomotors B23Q5/36 B23Q5/26Fluid-pressure drives B23Q5/261for spindles B23Q5/263with means to control the feed rate by controlling the fluid flow B23Q5/265this regulation depending upon the position of the tools or work B23Q5/266with means to control the feed rate by controlling the fluid flow B23Q5/268depending upon the position of the tool or work B23Q5/28Electric drives B23Q5/32Feeding working-spindles feeding working-spindle supports B23Q5/34 B23Q5/323cam-operated B23Q5/326screw-operated B23Q5/34Feeding other members supporting tools or work, e.g. saddles, tool-slides, through mechanical transmission B23Q5/341cam-operated B23Q5/342Cam followers see also B23Q35/26 B23Q5/344Cams see also B23Q35/42 B23Q5/345Cam assembly see also B23Q35/46 B23Q5/347controlled in conjunction with tool or work indexing means B23Q5/348by means of clutches B23Q5/36in which a servomotor forms an essential element B23Q5/38feeding continuously B23Q5/385using a gear and rack mechanism or a friction wheel co-operating with a rail B23Q5/40by feed shaft, e.g. lead screw B23Q5/402in which screw or nut can both be driven B23Q5/404Screw bearings therefor B23Q5/406with means for meshing screw and nut B23Q5/408Nut bearings therefor B23Q5/42Mechanism associated with headstock B23Q5/44Mechanism associated with the moving member B23Q5/46with variable speed ratio B23Q5/48by use of toothed gears B23Q5/50feeding step-by-step B23Q5/52Limiting feed movement B23Q11/04 takes precedence B23Q5/54Arrangements or details not restricted to group B23Q5/02 or group B23Q5/22 respectively , e.g. control handles B23Q5/56Preventing backlash B23Q5/58Safety devices protecting the operator B23Q11/0089 B23Q5/585Preventing the misuse of accessories, e.g. chuck keys B23Q7/00Arrangements for handling work specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools, e.g. for conveying, loading, positioning, discharging, sorting incorporated in working-spindles B23B13/00 B23Q7/001Lateral transport of long workpieces B23Q7/002Screw or rotary spiral conveyors B23Q7/1426 takes precedence B23Q7/003Cyclically moving conveyors B23Q7/1426 takes precedence B23Q7/005Lifting devices B23Q7/006Ejectors B23Q7/007Flying working devices B23Q7/008Catching devices B23Q7/12 takes precedence B23Q7/02by means of drums or rotating tables or discs B23Q7/03by means of endless chain conveyors B23Q7/1447, B23Q7/16 take precedence B23Q7/035on which work holders are fixed B23Q7/04by means of grippers B23Q7/1494 takes precedence B23Q7/041step by step B23Q7/042for the axial transport of long workpieces B23B13/022 takes precedence B23Q7/043Construction of the grippers B23Q7/048 takes precedence B23Q7/045using a tool holder as a work-transporting gripper B23Q7/046Handling workpieces or tools B23Q7/047the gripper supporting the workpiece during machining B23Q7/048Multiple gripper units B23Q7/05by means of roller-ways B23Q7/1468, B23Q7/16 take precedence B23Q7/055some of the rollers being driven B23Q7/06by means of pushers B23Q7/1457, B23Q7/1489, B23B13/02, B23B13/12 take precedence B23Q7/08by means of slides or chutes B23Q7/10by means of magazines B23Q7/103for flat material B23Q7/106with means to deliver a certain quantity B23Q7/103 takes precedence B23Q7/12Sorting arrangements B23Q7/14co-ordinated in production lines B23Q7/1405with a series disposition of similar working devices B23Q7/141with a series disposition of different working devices and with the axial transport for long workpieces of which a plurality of final products are made B23Q7/1415with a series disposition of working devices not corresponding with the sequence of the working B23Q7/1421with a parallel disposition of working devices B23Q7/1426with work holders not rigidly fixed to the transport devices B23Q7/005, B23Q7/035 take precedence B23Q7/1431Work holder changers B23Q7/1442 takes precedence B23Q7/1436using self-propelled work holders B23Q7/1442using carts carrying work holders B23Q7/1447using endless conveyors B23Q7/1452comprising load-supporting surfaces B23Q7/1457comprising an impeller or a series of impellers B23Q7/1463using rotary driving means B23Q7/1468comprising rollers or cogwheels, or pinions or the like B23Q7/1473comprising screw conveyors B23Q7/1478using a conveyor comprising cyclically-moving means B23Q7/1484with carrier means B23Q7/1489with impeller means B23Q7/1494using grippers B23Q7/16Loading work on to conveyorsArranging work on conveyors, e.g. varying spacing between individual workpieces B23Q7/165Turning devices B23Q7/18Orienting work on conveyors B23Q9/00Arrangements for supporting or guiding portable metal-working machines or apparatus turning machine for reconditioning wheel sets without removing same from vehicle B23B5/32; for tapping pipes B23B41/00, F16L41/04; specially designed for drilling B23B45/00, B25H1/0021 B23Q9/0007Portable machines comprising means for their guidance or support directly on the workpiece B23Q9/0014Portable machines provided with or cooperating with guide means supported directly by the workpiece during action B23Q9/0021the tool being guided in a circular path B23Q9/0028the guide means being fixed only on the machine B23Q9/0035and being capable of guiding the tool in a circular path B23Q9/0042the guide means being fixed only on the workpiece B23Q9/005angularly adjustable B23Q9/0057and being capable of guiding the tool in a circular path B23Q9/0064Portable machines cooperating with guide means not supported by the workpiece during working B23Q9/0071the guide means being fixed to the machine B23Q9/0078the guide means being fixed to a support B23Q9/0085Angularly adjustable B23Q9/0092Workpieces angularly adjustable relative to the support B23Q9/02for securing machines or apparatus to workpieces, or other parts, of particular shape, e.g. to beams of particular cross-section B23Q11/00Accessories B23Q11/00Accessories fitted to machine tools for keeping tools or parts of the machine in good working condition or for cooling work accessories specially designed for sawing machines or sawing devices B23D59/00Safety devices specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, machine tools in respect of boring or drilling machines B23B47/32 takes precedence; safety devices in general F16P B23Q11/0003Arrangements for preventing undesired thermal effects on tools or parts of the machine B23Q11/10, B23Q11/12 and B23Q11/14 take precedence B23Q11/0007by compensating occurring thermal dilations B23Q15/18 takes precedence B23Q11/001Arrangements compensating weight or flexion on parts of the machine adjustment of the fluid layer in fluid bearings or cushions depending upon the position of a weight B23Q1/385 B23Q11/0014using static reinforcing elements, e.g. pre-stressed ties B23Q11/0017compensating the weight of vertically moving elements, e.g. by balancing liftable machine parts B23B47/26 takes precedence B23Q11/0021the elements being rotating or pivoting B23Q11/0025using resilient means, e.g. springs, hydraulic dampers B23Q11/0028by actively reacting to a change of the configuration of the machine B23Q15/00 takes precedence B23Q11/0032Arrangements for preventing or isolating vibrations in parts of the machine B23B29/022, B23D47/005 take precedence; means for damping or suppressing vibrations, in general F16F B23Q11/0035by adding or adjusting a mass, e.g. counterweights B23Q11/0039by changing the natural frequency of the system or by continuously changing the frequency of the force which causes the vibration B23Q11/0042Devices for removing chips B23Q11/02, B23Q11/0875 take precedence B23Q11/0046by sucking B23Q11/005by blowing B23Q11/0053using the gravity force B23Q11/0057outside the working area B23Q11/006by sucking and blowing simultaneously B23Q11/0064by using a magnetic or electric field B23Q11/0067chip containers located under a machine or under a chip conveyor B23Q11/0071dust collectors for hand tools B23Q11/0075for removing chips or coolant from the workpiece after machining B23Q11/0078Safety devices protecting the operator, e.g. against accident or noise protecting the machine tool B23Q5/58; protecting people, in general F16P1/00, F16P3/00 B23Q11/0082by determining whether the operator is in a dangerous position B23Q17/2438 takes precedence B23Q11/0085by determining whether the machine tool is in a dangerous configuration B23Q11/0089actuating operator protecting means, e.g. closing a cover element, producing an alarm signal B23Q11/0092actuating braking or stopping means B23Q11/0096protecting against noise B23Q11/02Devices for removing scrap from the cutting teeth of circular or non-circular cutters B23Q11/04Arrangements preventing overload of tools, e.g. restricting load B23Q11/06Safety devices for circular cutters B23Q11/08Protective coverings for parts of machine toolsSplash guards B23Q2011/0808Means for maintaining identical distances between relatively movable cover parts B23Q11/0816Foldable coverings, e.g. bellows B23Q11/0825Relatively slidable coverings, e.g. telescopic B23Q11/0833with a non-rectilinear shifting B23Q11/0841with spirally wound coverings B23Q11/085Flexible coverings, e.g. coiled-up belts B23Q11/0858using a liquid bath or a liquid curtain B23Q11/0866using covering means adaptable to the workpieces, e.g. curtains or bristles B23Q11/0875Wipers for clearing foreign matter from slideways or slidable coverings B23Q11/0883for spindles, e.g. for their bearings or casings B23Q11/0891arranged between the working area and the operator B23Q11/10Arrangements for cooling or lubricating tools or work incorporated in tools, see the relevant subclass for the tool , e.g. B23B27/10, B23B51/06, B23C5/28, B23D77/006; for circular saw blades B23D59/02, for cooling grinding surfaces B24B55/02 B23Q11/1007by submerging the tools or work partially or entirely in a liquid B23Q11/1015by supplying a cutting liquid through the spindle B23Q11/1023Tool holders, or tools in general specially adapted for receiving the cutting liquid from the spindle B23Q11/103Rotary joints specially adapted for feeding the cutting liquid to the spindle B23Q11/1038using cutting liquids with special characteristics, e.g. flow rate, quality B23Q11/1046using a minimal quantity of lubricant spraying apparatus using a carrying fluid B05B7/00 B23Q11/1053using the cutting liquid at specially selected temperatures controlling the temperature of the cutting liquid for maintaining machine parts at a constant temperature B23Q11/146 B23Q11/1061using cutting liquids with specially selected composition or state of aggregation B23Q11/1069Filtration systems specially adapted for cutting liquids filtration in general B01D24/00 - B01D41/00 B23Q11/1076with a cutting liquid nozzle specially adaptable to different kinds of machining operations B23Q11/1084specially adapted for being fitted to different kinds of machines B23Q11/1092specially adapted for portable power-driven tools B23Q11/12Arrangements for cooling or lubricating parts of the machine B23Q11/14 takes precedence ; movable work or tool supports using fluid bearings or fluid cushion supports B23Q1/38; cooling or lubricating means used in the working area B23Q11/10 B23Q11/121with lubricating effect for reducing friction F16C33/66 and F16H57/04 take precedence B23Q11/122Lubricant supply devices F16N7/00 takes precedence B23Q11/123for lubricating spindle bearings F16C33/66 takes precedence B23Q11/124for lubricating linear guiding systems F16C29/005 takes precedence B23Q11/125for lubricating ball screw systems B23Q11/126for cooling only B23Q11/127for cooling motors or spindles B23Q11/128for cooling frame parts B23Q11/14Methods or arrangements for maintaining a constant temperature in parts of machine tools B23Q11/141using a closed fluid circuit for cooling or heating B23Q11/143comprising heating means B23Q11/145using a jet of gas or cutting liquid B23Q11/146by controlling the temperature of a cutting liquid B23Q11/148by controlling the air temperature B23Q13/00Equipment for use with tools or cutters when not in operation, e.g. protectors for storage B26B29/00 takes precedence B23Q15/00MeasuringIndicatingControlling B23Q15/00Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work programme-control G05B19/00, e.g. numerical programme-control G05B19/18 B23Q15/007while the tool acts upon the workpiece B23Q15/0075Controlling reciprocating movement, e.g. for planing-machine B23Q15/013Control or regulation of feed movement B23Q15/12 takes precedence B23Q15/02according to the instantaneous size and the required size of the workpiece acted upon B23Q15/06 takes precedence B23Q15/04according to the final size of the previously-machined workpiece B23Q15/06 takes precedence B23Q15/06according to measuring results produced by two or more gauging methods using different measuring principles, e.g. by both optical and mechanical gauging B23Q15/08Control or regulation of cutting velocity B23Q15/12 takes precedence B23Q15/10to maintain constant cutting velocity between tool and workpiece B23Q15/12Adaptive control, i.e. adjusting itself to have a performance which is optimum according to a preassigned criterion B23Q15/14Control or regulation of the orientation of the tool with respect to the work B23Q15/16Compensation for wear of the tool B23Q15/18Compensation of tool-deflection due to temperature or force B23Q15/20before or after the tool acts upon the workpiece B23Q15/22Control or regulation of position of tool or workpiece B23Q15/225in feed control, i.e. approaching of tool or work in successive decreasing velocity steps B23Q15/24of linear position B23Q15/26of angular position B23Q15/28with compensation for tool wear B23Q16/00Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations not otherwise provided for automatic control or regulation of position of tool or work B23Q15/22; arrangements for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work B23Q17/22 B23Q16/001Stops, cams, or holders therefor B23Q16/002Stops for use in a hollow spindle B23Q16/003with means to return a tool back, after its withdrawal movement, to the previous working position B23Q16/004positioning by combining gauges of different dimensions from a set of two or more gauges B23Q16/005Equipment for measuring the contacting force or the distance before contacting between two members during the positioning operation B23Q16/006positioning by bringing a stop into contact with one of two or more stops, fitted on a common carrier B23Q16/007Positioning by sine tables B23Q16/008Cushioning the abutting movement B23Q16/02Indexing equipment specially adapted for gear-cutting machines B23F23/08 B23Q16/021in which only the positioning elements are of importance B23Q16/04, B23Q16/08 take precedence B23Q16/022in which only the indexing movement is of importance B23Q16/023by converting a reciprocating or oscillating movement into or linear indexing movement B23Q16/024and by converting a continuous movement into a linear indexing movement B23Q16/025by converting a continuous movement into a rotary indexing movement B23Q16/026by converting a reciprocating or oscillating movement into a rotary indexing movement B23Q16/027with means for adjusting the distance between two successive indexing-points B23Q16/028with positioning means between two successive indexing-points B23Q16/04having intermediate members, e.g. pawls, for locking the relatively movable parts in the indexed position B23Q16/043with a reciprocating or oscillating drive B23Q16/06 takes precedence B23Q16/046with a continuous drive B23Q16/06 takes precedence B23Q16/06Rotary indexing B23Q16/065with a continuous drive B23Q16/08having means for clamping the relatively movable parts together in the indexed position B23Q16/083with a reciprocating or oscillating drive B23Q16/10 takes precedence B23Q16/086with a continuous drive B23Q16/10 takes precedence B23Q16/10Rotary indexing B23Q16/102with a continuous drive B23Q16/105clamping with a disc brake B23Q16/107clamping with a drum brake B23Q16/12using optics B23Q17/00Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work B23Q15/00 B23Q2017/001Measurement or correction of run-out or eccentricity B23Q17/002for indicating or measuring the holding action of work or tool holders B23Q3/16 takes precedence B23Q17/003by measuring a position B23Q17/005by measuring a force, a pressure or a deformation B23Q17/006for indicating the presence of a work or tool in its holder B23Q17/002, B23Q17/09 take precedence B23Q17/007for managing machine functions not concerning the tool B23Q17/008Life management for parts of the machine tool life management B23Q17/0995 B23Q17/09for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool arrangements preventing overload of tools B23Q11/04; devices for indicating failure of drills during boring B23B49/00 B23Q17/0904before or after machining B23Q17/0909Detection of broken tools B23Q17/0914Arrangements for measuring or adjusting cutting-tool geometry machine tools B23Q17/0919Arrangements for measuring or adjusting cutting-tool geometry in presetting devices B23Q17/0923Tool length B23Q17/0928Cutting angles of lathe tools B23Q17/0933Cutting angles of milling cutters B23Q17/0938Cutting angles of drills B23Q17/0942Cutting angles of saws B23Q17/0947Monitoring devices for measuring cutting angles B23Q17/0952during machining B23Q17/0957Detection of tool breakage detecting failure of drills B23B49/001 B23Q17/0961by measuring power, current or torque of a motor B23Q17/0966by measuring a force on parts of the machine other than a motor B23Q17/0971by measuring mechanical vibrations of parts of the machine arrangements for measuring vibrations B23Q17/12 B23Q17/0976Detection or control of chatter B23Q15/12 takes precedence B23Q17/098by measuring noise B23Q17/0985by measuring temperature B23Q17/099by measuring features of the machined workpiece arrangements for measuring workpiece characteristics B23Q17/20 B23Q17/0995Tool life management B23Q17/10for indicating or measuring cutting speed or number of revolutions B23Q17/12for indicating or measuring vibration B23Q17/20for indicating or measuring workpiece characteristics, e.g. contour, dimension, hardness B23Q17/22for indicating or measuring existing or desired position of tool or work B23Q16/005 takes precedence B23Q17/2208Detection or prevention of collisions B23Q17/2216for adjusting the tool into its holder B23Q17/0923 - B23Q17/0942 takes precedence B23Q17/2225with the toolholder as reference-element B23Q17/2233for adjusting the tool relative to the workpiece B23Q17/2241Detection of contact between tool and workpiece B23Q17/225of a workpiece relative to the tool-axis B23Q17/2258the workpiece rotating during the adjustment relative to the tool axis B23Q17/2266of a tool relative to a workpiece-axis B23Q17/2275of a tool-axis relative to a workpiece-axis B23Q17/2283for adjusting the distance between coaxially rotating tools B23Q17/2291for adjusting the workpiece relative to the holder thereof B23Q17/24using optics or electromagnetic waves B23Q17/2404Arrangements for improving direct observation of the working space, e.g. using mirrors or lamps structural combinations of lighting devices with other articles, not otherwise provided for, F21V33/00 B23Q17/2409Arrangements for indirect observation of the working space using image recording means, e.g. a camera B23Q17/2414for indicating desired positions guiding the positioning of tools or workpieces B25H1/0092 takes precedence B23Q17/2419by projecting a single light beam B23Q17/2423by projecting crossing light beams B23Q17/2428for measuring existing positions of tools or workpieces B23Q17/2433Detection of presence or absence B23Q17/2438of an operator or a part thereof B23Q17/2442of a tool B23Q17/2447of a workpiece B23Q17/2452for measuring features or for detecting a condition of machine parts, tools or workpieces B23Q17/2428, B23Q17/2433 take precedence B23Q17/2457of tools B23Q17/2461Length B23Q17/2466Diameter B23Q17/2471of workpieces B23Q17/2476of clamping devices, e.g. work or tool holders B23Q17/248using special electromagnetic means or methods B23Q17/2485using interruptions of light beams B23Q17/249using image analysis, e.g. for radar, infrared or array camera images B23Q17/2495using interferometers B23Q23/00Arrangements for compensating for irregularities or wear, e.g. of ways, of setting mechanisms automatic control B23Q15/00 B23Q27/00Geometrical mechanisms for the production of work of particular shapes, not fully provided for in another subclass B23Q27/003of conical non-circular section manufactured by an apparatus with a first rotational cutting vector and a second linear feed vector, intersecting the first vector B23Q27/006by rolling without slippage two bodies of particular shape relative to each other B23Q33/00CopyingIn groups B23Q33/00 or B23Q35/00, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:"copying" covers the derivation of a required shape from a pattern, of the same or a different shape or scale, by a mechanism or equivalent means controlled by a member following the pattern. The pattern may be a model or drawing, or an element such as a cam incorporated in the operating mechanism of a machine. This term does not cover the derivation of a required shape from simple geometrical shapes, e.g. generating a cycloid by a rolling circle, which in general is provided for in group B23Q27/00 B23Q33/00Methods for copying B23Q35/00Control systems or devices for copying directly from a pattern or a master modelDevices for use in copying manually copy milling classified also in B27C5/003 B23Q35/005Copying by a curve composed of arcs of circles B23Q35/02Copying discrete points from the pattern, e.g. for determining the position of holes to be drilled B23Q35/04using a feeler or the like travelling along the outline of the pattern, model or drawingFeelers, patterns, or models therefor B23Q35/06specially adapted for controlling successive operations, e.g. separate cuts, on a workpiece B23Q35/08Means for transforming movement of the feeler or the like into feed movement of tool or work B23Q35/10mechanically only B23Q35/101with a pattern composed of one or more lines used simultaneously for one tool B23Q35/102of one line B23Q35/103which turns continuously B23Q35/104with coaxial tool and feeler B23Q35/105of two lines B23Q35/106with a single tool and two feelers rotating about parallel axis B23Q35/107tool and feelers being coaxial B23Q35/108of three or more lines B23Q35/109with a continuously turning pattern B23Q35/101 takes precedence B23Q35/12involving electrical means programme recording for copying purposes in a separate apparatus G05, G11 B23Q35/121using mechanical sensing B23Q35/122the feeler opening or closing electrical contacts B23Q35/123the feeler varying the impedance in a circuit B23Q35/124varying resistance B23Q35/125varying capacitance B23Q35/126varying inductance B23Q35/127using non-mechanical sensing B23Q35/128Sensing by using optical means B23Q35/129Sensing by means of electric discharges B23Q35/13Sensing by using magnetic means B23Q35/14controlling one or more electromotors B23Q35/16controlling fluid motors B23Q35/18involving fluid means B23Q35/16 takes precedence B23Q35/181with a pattern composed of one or more lines used simultaneously B23Q35/183of one line B23Q35/185turning continuously B23Q35/186of two lines B23Q35/188with a continuously turning pattern B23Q35/181 takes precedence B23Q35/20with special means for varying the ratio of reproduction B23Q35/22specially adapted for compensating for wear of the tool B23Q35/24FeelersFeeler units B23Q35/26designed for a physical contact with a pattern or a model B23Q35/28for control of a mechanical copying system B23Q35/30for control of an electrical or electro-hydraulic copying system B23Q35/32in which the feeler makes and breaks an electrical contact or contacts, e.g. with brush-type tracers B23Q35/34in which the feeler varies an electrical characteristic in a circuit, e.g. capacity, frequency B23Q35/36for control of a hydraulic or pneumatic copying system B23Q35/38designed for sensing the pattern, model, or drawing without physical contact sensing by means of a fluid jet B23Q35/36 B23Q35/40involving optical or photoelectrical systems B23Q35/42PatternsMasters models B23Q35/44provided with means for adjusting the contact face, e.g. comprising flexible bands held by set-screws B23Q35/46Supporting devices therefor B23Q35/48using a feeler or the like travelling to-and-fro between opposite parts of the outline of the pattern, model or drawing B23Q37/00Metal-working machines comprising units or sub-assembliesAssociations of metal-working machines or units B23Q37/00Metal-working machines, or constructional combinations thereof, built-up from units designed so that at least some of the units can form parts of different machines or combinationsUnits therefor in so far as the feature of interchangeability is important features relating to particular metal-working operations, see the relevant subclass, e.g. B23P23/00 B23Q37/002Convertible machines, e.g. from horizontally working into vertically working B27B5/165: convertible sawing devices B23Q37/005Modular base frames B23Q37/007Modular machining stations designed to be linked to each other B23Q39/00Metal-working machines incorporating a plurality of sub-assemblies, each capable of performing a metal-working operation B23Q33/00, B23P23/00 take precedence; if the operations are similar and the kind of operation is essential, see the relevant subclass for the operation B23Q2039/002Machines with twin spindles B23Q2039/004Machines with tool turrets B23Q2039/006Machines with multi-spindles B23Q2039/008Machines of the lathe type B23Q39/02the sub-assemblies being capable of being brought to act at a single operating station B23Q39/021with a plurality of toolheads per workholder, whereby the toolhead is a main spindle, a multispindle, a revolver or the like B23Q39/022with same working direction of toolheads on same workholder B23Q39/023simultaneous working of toolheads B23Q39/024consecutive working of toolheads B23Q39/025with different working directions of toolheads on same workholder B23Q39/026simultaneous working of toolheads B23Q39/027consecutive working of toolheads B23Q39/028with a plurality of workholder per toolhead in operating position with only one workholder in operating position B23Q1/66 B23Q39/029with a twin table for alternatively working on one of the tables B23Q39/04the sub-assemblies being arranged to operate simultaneously at different stations, e.g. with an annular work-table moved in steps associations of machines connected only by work-transferring means B23Q41/00 B23Q39/042with circular arrangement of the sub-assemblies B23Q39/044having at least one tool station cooperating with each work holder, e.g. multi-spindle lathes B23Q39/046including a loading and/or unloading station B23Q39/048the work holder of a work station transfers directly its workpiece to the work holder of a following work station B23Q41/00Combinations or associations of metal-working machines not directed to a particular result according to classes B21, B23, or B24 B23Q37/00, B23Q39/00 take precedence; features relating to operations performed, if the different metal-working operations are of the same kind, see the subclass for the kind of operation, e.g. punching B21D, welding B23K, grinding B24B; features relating to technically specified combinations of different metal-working operations B23P23/00 B23Q41/02Features relating to transfer of work between machines arrangements for handling work for machine tools coordinated in production lines B23Q7/14 B23Q41/04Features relating to relative arrangements of machines B23Q41/06Features relating to organisation of working of machines B23Q41/08Features relating to maintenance of efficient operation B23Q2210/00 B23Q2210/00Machine tools incorporating a specific component B23Q2210/002Flexures B23Q2210/004Torque motors B23Q2210/006Curved guiding rails B23Q2210/008Flexible guiding rails B23Q2220/00Machine tool components B23Q2220/002Tool turrets B23Q2220/004Rotary tables B23Q2220/006Spindle heads B23Q2220/008Rotatable tool holders coupled in parallel to a non rotating accessory B23Q2230/00Special operations in a machine tool B23Q2230/002Using the spindle for performing a non machining or non measuring operation, e.g. cleaning, actuating a mechanism B23Q2230/004Using a cutting tool reciprocating at high speeds, e.g. "fast tool" B23Q2230/006Machining both ends of a workpiece consecutively B23Q2230/008Machining the middle part and the ends of a workpiece consecutively B23Q2240/00Machine tools specially suited for a specific kind of workpiece B23Q2240/002Flat workpieces B23Q2240/005Flexible, deformable workpieces B23Q2240/007Elongated workpieces B23Q2701/00Members which are comprised in the general build-up of a form of the machine B23Q2701/01Frames or slideways for lathesFrames for boring machines B23Q2701/02Movable or adjustable work or tool supports for milling machines, their drive, control or guiding B23Q2701/025Work-tables rotating around an axis vertical to the surface of the tablethis kind of table comprising a divider, indexer or positioning means B23Q2701/04Support braces for a milling machine B23Q2701/06Tailstock for the spindle of a milling machine B23Q2703/00Work clamping B23Q2703/02Work clamping means B23Q2703/04using fluid means or a vacuum B23Q2703/06Mandrels with non rotatable clawsMandrels with internal clampingClamping elements B23Q2703/08Devices for clamping a plurality of workpieces B23Q2703/10Devices for clamping workpieces of a particular form or made from a particular material B23Q2703/105for clamping a crankshaft B23Q2703/12Accessories for attaching B23Q2705/00Driving working spindles or feeding members carrying tools or work B23Q2705/005General aspects of driving arrangements in a lathe, e.g. indexing the spindle, devices for keeping the cutting speed constant, braking or reversing devices B23Q2705/02Driving working spindles B23Q2705/023General aspects of driving a boring spindle B23Q2705/026Main drive for the spindles of milling machines B23Q2705/04by fluid pressure B23Q2705/043for lathes B23Q2705/046for broaching machines B23Q2705/06Mechanical drives with means for varying the speed ratio B23Q2705/062for lathes B23Q2705/064mechanically controlled B23Q2705/066fluid pressure controlled B23Q2705/068electrically controlled B23Q2705/08Devices for preselecting speed in gear boxes of lathes B23Q2705/10Feeding members carrying tools or work B23Q2705/102for lathes B23Q2705/104for milling machines B23Q2705/106for planing machines B23Q2705/108for slotting or mortising machines B23Q2705/12Fluid-pressure drives B23Q2705/122for milling machines B23Q2705/125for planing machines B23Q2705/127for slotting or mortising machines B23Q2705/14Electric drives B23Q2705/145for milling machines B23Q2705/16Feeding working spindles B23Q2705/165General aspects of feeding a boring spindle B23Q2705/18Feeding other members supporting tools also feeding working spindles supports B23Q2705/182in lathes B23Q2705/185Clutches B23Q2705/187Automatic clutches B23Q2705/20Gear boxes for thread cutting lathes with a lead screw B23Q2705/22Limiting feed movement of a boring spindle B23Q2705/24General aspects of limiting the carriage movement in lathes B23Q2705/26Stopping the feed in case of overload or a break in a boring machine B23Q2707/00Automatic supply or removal of metal workpieces B23Q2707/003in a lathe B23Q2707/006for thread cutting, e.g. bolts or crews B23Q2707/02Drive B23Q2707/025Driving by vibration, shaking or jotting B23Q2707/04by means of grippers also magnetic or pneumatic gripping B23Q2707/05by means of roller ways B23Q2707/06by means of magazines for plates B23Q2707/16Devices for organising or spreading out workpieces on a conveyorDevices for placing the pieces at predetermined intervals or devices for forming a regular flow of the pieces B23Q2709/00Portable machines or devices for the cylindrical bores of valve bodies B23Q2716/00Equipment for precise positioning of tool or work into particular locations B23Q2716/02Devices for the axial positioning of the turret in a latheDevices for rotating and blocking the turret B23Q2716/04Indexing devices for boring machines B23Q2716/06Headstock dividers or devices for dividing in milling machines B23Q2716/08Holders for tools or work comprising a divider or positioning devices B23Q2717/00Arrangements for indicating or measuring B23Q2717/003in lathes B23Q2717/006in milling machines B23Q2727/00Lathes or mechanisms for making work with a non-circular section without a model or a shaped tool B23Q2735/00Control systems or devices for copying from a pattern or master model B23Q2735/002in a milling machine B23Q2735/004the workpiece being immobile during milling B23Q2735/006the workpiece rotating during milling B23Q2735/008in a planing machine B23Q2735/02Means for transforming movement of the feeler into feed movement of tool or work B23Q2735/025in a lathe B23Q2735/04mechanically only B23Q2735/045in a milling machine B23Q2735/06involving electrical means B23Q2735/062in a lathe B23Q2735/065in a milling machine B23Q2735/067with rotation of the workpiece during milling B23Q2735/08involving fluid means B23Q2735/082in a lathe B23Q2735/085in a milling machine B23Q2735/087with rotation of the workpiece during milling