H01QANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS radiators or antennas for microwave heating H05B6/72 This subclass covers: in addition to the primary active radiating elements, secondary devices for absorbing or for modifying the direction or polarisation of waves radiated from antennas, and combinations with auxiliary devices such as earthing switches, lead-in devices, and lightning protectors; both transmitting and receiving antennas. This subclass does not cover devices of the waveguide type, such as resonators or lines, not designed as radiating elements, which are covered by subclass H01P. In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "active radiating element" covers corresponding parts of a receiving antenna.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. H01Q1/00 H01Q1/00Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas arrangements for varying orientation of directional pattern H01Q3/00 This group covers only: structural details or features of antennas not dependent on electric operation; structural details or features applicable to more than one type of  antenna or antenna element. Structural details or features described with reference to, or clearly applicable only to,  antennas or antenna elements of a particular type are classified in the group appropriate to that type H01Q1/002Protection against seismic waves, thermal radiation or other disturbances, e.g. nuclear explosion; Arrangements for improving the power handling capability of an antenna H01Q1/005Damping of vibrations; Means for reducing wind-induced forces H01Q1/007specially adapted for indoor communication H01Q1/02Arrangements for de-icingArrangements for drying-out ; Arrangements for cooling; Arrangements for preventing corrosion H01Q1/04Adaptation for subterranean or subaqueous use H01Q1/06Means for the lighting or illuminating of antennas, e.g. for purpose of warning H01Q1/08Means for collapsing antennas or parts thereof collapsible loop antennas H01Q7/02; means for collapsing H-antennas or Yagi antennas H01Q19/04 H01Q1/081Inflatable antennas H01Q1/082Balloon antennas H01Q1/084Pivotable antennas H01Q1/085Flexible aerials; Whip aerials with a resilient base H01Q1/087Extensible roll- up aerials H01Q1/088Quick-releasable antenna elements H01Q1/10Telescopic elements H01Q1/103Latching means; ensuring extension or retraction thereof H01Q1/106Means for locking or protecting against unauthorized extraction H01Q1/12SupportsMounting means H01Q1/1207for fastening a rigid aerial element H01Q1/1214through a wall H01Q1/1221onto a wall H01Q1/1228on a boom H01Q1/1235Collapsible supports; Means for erecting a rigid antenna H01Q1/1242Rigid masts specially adapted for supporting an aerial H01Q1/125Means for positioning H01Q1/1257using the received signal strength H01Q1/1264Adjusting different parts or elements of an aerial unit H01Q1/1271for mounting on windscreens H01Q1/1278in association with heating wires or layers H01Q1/1285with capacitive feeding through the windscreen H01Q1/1292for mounting on balloons H01Q1/14for wire or other non-rigid radiating elements H01Q1/16Strainers, spreaders, or spacers H01Q1/18Means for stabilising antennas on an unstable platform H01Q1/185by electronic means H01Q1/20Resilient mountings H01Q1/22by structural association with other equipment or articles H01Q1/2208associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns G06K7/00; record carrier for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings G06K19/00 H01Q1/2216used in interrogator/reader equipment H01Q1/2225used in active tags, i.e. provided with its own power source or in passive tags, i.e. deriving power from RF signal H01Q1/2233used in consumption-meter devices, e.g. electricity, gas or water meters H01Q1/2241used in or for vehicle tyres H01Q1/225used in level-measurement devices, e.g. for level gauge measurement H01Q1/2258used with computer equipment H01Q1/2266disposed inside the computer H01Q1/2275associated to expansion card or bus, e.g. in PCMCIA, PC cards, Wireless USB H01Q1/2283mounted in or on the surface of a semiconductor substrate as a chip-type antenna or integrated with other components into an IC package H01Q1/2291used in bluetooth or WI-FI devices of Wireless Local Area Networks [WLAN] H01Q1/241 takes precedence; WLAN in general H04W H01Q1/24with receiving set H01Q1/241used in mobile communications, e.g. GSM H01Q1/247, H01Q1/248 take precedence H01Q1/242specially adapted for hand-held use H01Q1/243with built-in antennas H01Q1/244extendable from a housing along a given path H01Q1/245with means for shaping the antenna pattern, e.g. in order to protect user against rf exposure H01Q1/246specially adapted for base stations H01Q1/247with frequency mixer, e.g. for direct satellite reception or Doppler radar H01Q1/248provided with an AC/DC converting device, e.g. rectennas H01Q1/26with electric discharge tube H01Q1/27Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies H01Q1/08, H01Q1/12, H01Q1/18 take precedence H01Q1/273Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals H01Q1/276for mounting on helmets H01Q1/28Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons H01Q1/281Nose antennas H01Q1/282Modifying the aerodynamic properties of the vehicle, e.g. projecting type aerials H01Q1/283Blade, stub antennas H01Q1/285Aircraft wire antennas means for trailing H01Q1/30 H01Q1/286substantially flush mounted with the skin of the craft H01Q1/287integrated in a wing or a stabiliser H01Q1/288Satellite antennas H01Q1/30Means for trailing antennas H01Q1/32Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles H01Q1/3208characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used H01Q1/3216where the road or rail vehicle is only used as transportation means H01Q1/3225Cooperation with the rails or the road H01Q1/3233particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems H01Q1/3241particular used in keyless entry systems H01Q1/325characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle H01Q1/3258using the gutter of the vehicle; Means for clamping a whip aerial on the edge of a part of the vehicle H01Q1/3266using the mirror of the vehicle H01Q1/3275mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk H01Q1/3283side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted mounted on windscreens H01Q1/1271 H01Q1/3291mounted in or on other locations inside the vehicle or vehicle body H01Q1/34Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes for subaqueous use H01Q1/04 H01Q1/36Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewithH01Q1/08, H01Q1/14 take precedence H01Q1/362for broadside radiating helical antennas H01Q1/364using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor H01Q1/366using an ionized gas H01Q1/368using carbon or carbon composite H01Q1/38formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface  H01Q15/142 H01Q1/40Radiating elements coated with or embedded in protective material H01Q1/405Radome integrated radiating elements H01Q1/42Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome H01Q1/421Means for correcting aberrations introduced by a radome H01Q1/422comprising two or more layers of dielectric material H01Q1/425 takes precedence H01Q1/424comprising a layer of expanded material H01Q1/425comprising a metallic grid H01Q1/427Flexible radomes H01Q1/428Collapsible radomes; rotatable, tiltable radomes H01Q1/44using equipment having another main function to serve additionally as an antenna , e.g. means for giving an antenna an aesthetic aspectH01Q1/27 - H01Q1/34 take precedence H01Q1/46Electric supply lines or communication lines H01Q1/48Earthing meansEarth screensCounterpoises H01Q1/50Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors H01Q1/52Means for reducing coupling between antennasMeans for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure absorbing means H01Q17/00 H01Q1/521reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas H01Q1/523between antennas of an array H01Q1/525between emitting and receiving antennas H01Q1/526Electromagnetic shields H01Q1/528reducing the re-radiation of a support structure in a parabolic reflector antenna H01Q19/023 H01Q3/00Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system means for positioning H01Q1/125 H01Q3/005using remotely controlled antenna positioning or scanning H01Q3/01varying the shape of the antenna or antenna system H01Q3/02using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole H01Q3/04for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation H01Q3/06over a restricted angle H01Q3/08for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation H01Q3/10to produce a conical or spiral scan H01Q3/12using mechanical relative movement between primary active elements and secondary devices of antennas or antenna systems H01Q3/14for varying the relative position of primary active element and a refracting or diffracting device H01Q3/16for varying relative position of primary active element and a reflecting device H01Q3/18wherein the primary active element is movable and the reflecting device is fixed H01Q3/20wherein the primary active element is fixed and the reflecting device is movable H01Q3/22varying the orientation in accordance with variation of frequency of radiated wave H01Q3/24varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching H01Q3/242Circumferential scanning H01Q3/245in the focal plane of a focussing device H01Q3/247by switching different parts of a primary active element H01Q3/26varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elementsvarying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture H01Q3/12, H01Q3/22, H01Q3/24 take precedence H01Q3/2605Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays H01Q3/2611Means for null steering; Adaptive interference nulling H01Q3/2617Array of identical elements H01Q3/2623composed of two antennas H01Q3/2629Combination of a main antenna unit with an auxiliary antenna unit H01Q3/2635the auxiliary unit being composed of a plurality of antennas H01Q3/2641being secundary elements, e.g. reactively steered H01Q3/2647Retrodirective arrays H01Q3/2652Self-phasing arrays H01Q3/2658Phased-array fed focussing structure H01Q3/2664electrically moving the phase centre of a radiating element in the focal plane of a focussing device switching H01Q3/245, phased-array feeds H01Q3/2658 H01Q3/267Phased-array testing or checking devices H01Q3/2676Optically controlled phased array H01Q3/2682Time delay steered arrays H01Q3/2688using acoustic or magnetostatic wave devices H01Q3/2694using also variable phase-shifters H01Q3/2688 takes precedence H01Q3/28varying the amplitude H01Q3/30varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array H01Q3/2605, H01Q3/2658, H01Q3/2682, H01Q3/44 take precedence H01Q3/32by mechanical means H01Q3/34by electrical means active lenses or reflecting arrays H01Q3/46 H01Q3/36with variable phase-shifters H01Q3/38the phase-shifters being digital H01Q3/385Scan control logics H01Q3/40with phasing matrix H01Q3/42using frequency-mixing H01Q3/2676 takes precedence H01Q3/44varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element H01Q3/443varying the phase velocity along a leaky transmission line frequency scanning H01Q3/22; non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line aerials H01Q13/20 H01Q3/446the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements H01Q3/46Active lenses or reflecting arrays H01Q5/00Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements combinations of separate active antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system H01Q21/30 H01Q5/10Resonant antennas H01Q5/15for operation of centre-fed antennas comprising one or more collinear, substantially straight or elongated active elements H01Q5/20characterised by the operating wavebands H01Q5/22RF wavebands combined with non-RF wavebands, e.g. infrared or optical H01Q5/25Ultra-wideband [UWB] systems, e.g. multiple resonance systemsPulse systems H01Q5/28Arrangements for establishing polarisation or beam width over two or more different wavebands H01Q5/30Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands H01Q5/307Individual or coupled radiating elements, each element being fed in an unspecified way H01Q5/314using frequency dependent circuits or components, e.g. trap circuits or capacitors H01Q5/321within a radiating element or between connected radiating elements H01Q5/328between a radiating element and ground H01Q5/335at the feed, e.g. for impedance matching H01Q5/342for different propagation modes H01Q5/314 takes precedence H01Q5/35using two or more simultaneously fed points H01Q5/357using a single feed point H01Q5/364Creating multiple current paths H01Q5/371Branching current paths H01Q5/378Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements H01Q5/385Two or more parasitic elements H01Q5/392the parasitic elements having dual-band or multi-band characteristics H01Q5/40Imbricated or interleaved structuresCombined or electromagnetically coupled arrangements, e.g. comprising two or more non-connected fed radiating elements H01Q5/42using two or more imbricated arrays H01Q5/49 takes precedence H01Q5/45using two or more feeds in association with a common reflecting, diffracting or refracting device H01Q5/47with a coaxial arrangement of the feeds H01Q5/48Combinations of two or more dipole type antennas H01Q5/49with parasitic elements used for purposes other than for dual-band or multi-band, e.g. imbricated Yagi antennas H01Q5/50Feeding or matching arrangements for broad-band or multi-band operation H01Q5/55for horn or waveguide antennas H01Q7/00Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop H01Q7/005with variable reactance for tuning the antenna H01Q7/02Collapsible antennasRetractable antennas H01Q7/04Screened antennas H01Q7/02, H01Q7/06 take precedence H01Q7/06with core of ferromagnetic material H01Q7/02 takes precedence H01Q7/08Ferrite rod or like elongated core H01Q9/00Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements H01Q9/005for radiating non-sinusoidal waves H01Q9/02Non-resonant antennas H01Q9/04Resonant antennas H01Q9/0407Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna dipole H01Q9/285; monopole H01Q9/40 H01Q9/0414in a stacked or folded configuration H01Q9/0421with a shorting wall or a shorting pin at one end of the element H01Q9/0414 takes precedence H01Q9/0428radiating a circular polarised wave H01Q9/0435using two feed points H01Q9/0442with particular tuning means H01Q9/045with particular feeding means for circular polarisation H01Q9/0428 H01Q9/0457electromagnetically coupled to the feed line H01Q9/0464Annular ring patch H01Q9/0471Non-planar, stepped or wedge-shaped patch H01Q9/0478with means for suppressing spurious modes, e.g. cross polarisation H01Q9/0485Dielectric resonator antennas H01Q9/0492circularly polarised H01Q9/06Details H01Q9/065Microstrip dipole antennas patch antenna H01Q9/0407 H01Q9/08Junction boxes specially adapted for supporting adjacent ends of collinear rigid elements H01Q9/10Junction boxes specially adapted for supporting adjacent ends of divergent elements H01Q9/12adapted for adjustment of angle between elements H01Q9/14Length of element or elements adjustable telescopic elements H01Q1/10 H01Q9/145by varying the electrical length H01Q9/16with feed intermediate between the extremities of the antenna, e.g. centre-fed dipole H01Q9/44 takes precedence H01Q9/18Vertical disposition of the antenna H01Q9/20Two collinear substantially straight active elementsSubstantially straight single active elements H01Q9/28 takes precedence H01Q9/22Rigid rod or equivalent tubular element or elements H01Q9/24Shunt feed arrangements to single active elements, e.g. for delta matching H01Q9/26with folded element or elements, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of operating wavelength resonant loop antennas H01Q7/00 H01Q9/265Open ring dipoles; Circular dipoles H01Q9/27Spiral antennas H01Q9/28Conical, cylindrical, cage, strip, gauze, or like elements having an extended radiating surfaceElements comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by two-conductor transmission lines waveguide horns or mouths H01Q13/00; slot antennas H01Q13/00 H01Q9/285Planar dipole H01Q9/065 takes precedence; patch antenna H01Q9/0407 H01Q9/30with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole H01Q9/44 takes precedence H01Q9/32Vertical arrangement of element H01Q9/40 takes precedence H01Q9/34Mast, tower, or like self-supporting or stay-supported antennas H01Q9/36with top loading H01Q9/38with counterpoise with counterpoise comprising elongated elements coplanar with the active element H01Q9/44 H01Q9/40Element having extended radiating surface H01Q9/42with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength H01Q9/43Scimitar antennas H01Q9/44with a plurality of divergent straight elements, e.g. V-dipole, X-antennawith a plurality of elements having mutually inclined substantially straight portions combinations of two or more active elements H01Q21/00; turnstile antennas H01Q21/26 H01Q9/46with rigid elements diverging from single point H01Q11/00Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements leaky waveguides antennas or slot antennas H01Q13/00 H01Q11/02Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna Yagi antennas H01Q19/30 H01Q11/04with parts bent, folded, shaped, screened or electrically loaded to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna H01Q11/06 – H01Q11/10 take precedence H01Q11/06Rhombic antennasV-antennas H01Q11/08Helical antennas H01Q11/083Tapered helical aerials, e.g. conical spiral aerials H01Q11/086collapsible H01Q11/10Logperiodic antennas H01Q11/08 takes precedence H01Q11/105using a dielectric support H01Q11/12Resonant antennas H01Q11/14with parts bent, folded, shaped or screened or with phasing impedances, to obtain desired phase relation of radiation from selected sections of the antenna or to obtain desired polarisation effect H01Q11/20 takes precedence H01Q11/16in which the selected sections are collinear H01Q11/18in which the selected sections are parallelly spaced H01Q11/20V-antennas H01Q13/00Waveguide horns or mouthsSlot antennasLeaky-waveguide antennasEquivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave H01Q13/02Waveguide horns H01Q13/0208Corrugated horns waveguide mouth antenna with corrugated flange H01Q13/065; manufacturing details H01Q13/0283 H01Q13/0216Dual-depth corrugated horns H01Q13/0225of non-circular cross-section H01Q13/0216 takes precedence H01Q13/0233Horns fed by a slotted waveguide array biconical horns H01Q13/06 H01Q13/0241radiating a circularly polarised wave H01Q13/0258 takes precedence; polarisation converters H01Q15/244, in a waveguide H01P1/17 H01Q13/025Multimode horn antennas; Horns using higher mode of propagation H01Q13/0241 takes precedence; multiple beam H01Q25/04 H01Q13/0258Orthomode horns orthomode transducers H01P1/161 H01Q13/0266provided with a flange or a choke H01Q13/0275Ridged horns slot-line radiating ends H01Q13/085 H01Q13/0283Apparatus or processes specially provided for manufacturing horns H01Q13/0291for corrugated horns H01Q13/04Biconical horns biconical dipoles comprising two conical surfaces having collinear axes and adjacent apices and fed by a two-conductor transmission line H01Q9/28 H01Q13/06Waveguide mouths horns H01Q13/02 H01Q13/065provided with a flange or a choke H01Q13/08Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines H01Q13/085Slot-line radiating ends H01Q13/10Resonant slot antennas H01Q13/103with variable reactance for tuning the antenna tuning resonant circuits H03J H01Q13/106Microstrip slot antennas patch antenna elements H01Q9/0407 H01Q13/12Longitudinally slotted cylinder antennasEquivalent structures H01Q13/14Skeleton cylinder antennas H01Q13/16Folded slot antennas H01Q13/18the slot being backed by, or formed in boundary wall of, a resonant cavity longitudinally slotted cylinder H01Q13/12 ; Open cavity antennas H01Q13/20Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennasEquivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave H01Q13/203Leaky coaxial lines H01Q13/206Microstrip transmission line antennas H01Q13/22Longitudinal slot in boundary wall of waveguide or transmission line H01Q13/203 takes precedence H01Q13/24constituted by a dielectric or ferromagnetic rod or pipe H01Q13/28 takes precedence H01Q13/26Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor H01Q13/28comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric H01Q15/00Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices variable for purpose of altering directivity H01Q3/00; arrangements of such devices for guiding waves H01P3/20; variable for purpose of modulation H03C7/02 H01Q15/0006Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices H01Q15/12, H01Q15/22, H01Q15/24 take precedence H01Q15/0013said selective devices working as frequency-selective reflecting surfaces, e.g. FSS, dichroic plates, surfaces being partly transmissive and reflective H01Q15/002said selective devices being reconfigurable or tunable, e.g. using switches or diodes H01Q15/0026said selective devices having a stacked geometry or having multiple layers H01Q15/0033used for beam splitting or combining, e.g. acting as a quasi-optical multiplexer H01Q19/191 and H01Q19/195 take precedence H01Q15/004using superconducting materials or magnetised substrates H01Q15/0046Theoretical analysis and design methods of such selective devices H01Q15/0053Selective devices used as spatial filter or angular sidelobe filter H01Q15/006Selective devices having photonic band gap materials or materials of which the material properties are frequency dependent, e.g. perforated substrates, high-impedance surfaces H01Q15/0066said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches H01Q15/0073said selective devices having corrugations H01Q15/008said selective devices having Sievenpipers' mushroom elements H01Q15/0086said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials H01Q15/0093having a fractal shape H01Q15/02Refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens, prism H01Q15/04comprising wave-guiding channel or channels bounded by effective conductive surfaces substantially perpendicular to the electric vector of the wave, e.g. parallel-plate waveguide lens H01Q15/06comprising plurality of wave-guiding channels of different length H01Q15/08formed of solid dielectric material H01Q15/10comprising three-dimensional array of impedance discontinuities, e.g. holes in conductive surfaces or conductive discs forming artificial dielectric H01Q15/12functioning also as polarisation filter polarisation converters H01Q15/242 H01Q15/14Reflecting surfacesEquivalent structures electromagnetic shields H01Q1/526 H01Q15/141Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing reflecting surfaces H01Q15/142using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/144with a honeycomb, cellular or foamed sandwich structure H01Q15/145comprising a plurality of reflecting particles, e.g. radar chaff missiles of the signal type provided with means for disseminating radar-reflecting chaff F42B12/70 H01Q15/147provided with means for controlling or monitoring the shape of the reflecting surface for scanning H01Q3/01; aerials or aerial systems providing multiple beamwidths H01Q25/002 H01Q15/148with means for varying the reflecting properties H01Q15/147 takes precedence H01Q15/16curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal H01Q15/161Collapsible reflectors H01Q15/162composed of a plurality of rigid panels H01Q15/163inflatable H01Q15/165composed of a plurality of rigid panels collapsible H01Q15/161 H01Q15/166sector shaped H01Q15/167comprising a gap between adjacent panels or group of panels, e.g. stepped reflectors H01Q15/168Mesh reflectors mounted on a non-collapsible frame H01Q15/18comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector H01Q15/16 takes precedence H01Q15/20Collapsible reflectors H01Q15/22functioning also as polarisation filter H01Q15/23Combinations of reflecting surfaces with refracting or diffracting devices H01Q15/24Polarising devicesPolarisation filters  H01Q15/12, H01Q15/22 take precedence H01Q15/242Polarisation converters H01Q15/244converting a linear polarised wave into a circular polarised wave guided wave H01P1/17 H01Q15/246rotating the plane of polarisation of a linear polarised wave guided wave H01P1/165 H01Q15/248using a reflecting surface, e.g. twist reflector combination with a polarisation filter in dual reflector antennas H01Q19/195 H01Q17/00Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antennaCombinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems H01Q17/001for modifying the directional characteristic of an aerial H01Q17/002using short elongated elements as dissipative material, e.g. metallic threads or flake-like particles H01Q17/004using non-directional dissipative particles, e.g. ferrite powders H01Q17/005 takes precedence; flake-like H01Q17/002 H01Q17/005using woven or wound filaments; impregnated nets or clothes H01Q17/007with means for controlling the absorption H01Q17/008with a particular shape H01Q17/007 takes precedence H01Q19/00Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic combination of horns with slotted waveguide array H01Q13/0233 H01Q19/005Patch antenna using one or more coplanar parasitic elements H01Q19/02Details fastening of an element on a boom H01Q1/1228 H01Q19/021Means for reducing undesirable effects H01Q19/022for reducing the edge scattering of reflectors H01Q19/023for reducing the scattering of mounting structures, e.g. of the struts H01Q19/025for optimizing the matching of the primary feed, e.g. vertex plates H01Q19/026for reducing the primary feed spill-over H01Q19/027for compensating or reducing aperture blockage offset feeding H01Q19/132, H01Q19/192 H01Q19/028for reducing the cross polarisation H01Q19/04Means for collapsing H-antennas or Yagi antennas H01Q19/06using refracting or diffracting devices, e.g. lens radome H01Q1/42 H01Q19/062for focusing H01Q19/065Zone plate type antennas H01Q19/067using a hologram H01Q19/08for modifying the radiation pattern of a radiating horn in which it is located corrugated horns H01Q13/0208; producing a circular polarisation H01Q13/0241 H01Q19/09wherein the primary active element is coated with or embedded in a dielectric or magnetic material protective material H01Q1/40, varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of refracting or diffracting devices H01Q3/44 H01Q19/10using reflecting surfaces H01Q19/102wherein the surfaces are of convex toroïdal shape biconical horns H01Q13/04 H01Q19/104using a substantially flat reflector for deflecting the radiated beam, e.g. periscopic antennas periscopic fed Cassegrain antennas H01Q19/191; passive relays H04B7/145 H01Q19/106using two or more intersecting plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector antennas H01Q19/108Combination of a dipole with a plane reflecting surface H01Q19/106 takes precedence; strip line H01Q9/065 H01Q19/12wherein the surfaces are concave H01Q19/18 takes precedence H01Q19/13the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination H01Q19/15 takes precedence H01Q19/132Horn reflector antennas; Off-set feeding H01Q19/134Rear-feeds; Splash plate feeds H01Q19/136cross-polarised H01Q19/138Parallel-plate feeds, e.g. pill-box, cheese aerials H01Q19/15the primary radiating source being a line source, e.g. leaky waveguide antennas H01Q19/17the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements H01Q19/15, H01Q25/00 take precedence H01Q19/175arrayed along the focal line of a cylindrical focusing surface H01Q19/18having two or more spaced reflecting surfaces H01Q19/20 takes precedence H01Q19/185wherein the surfaces are plane H01Q19/19comprising one main concave reflecting surface associated with an auxiliary reflecting surface H01Q19/191wherein the primary active element uses one or more deflecting surfaces, e.g. beam waveguide feeds H01Q19/192with dual offset reflectors H01Q19/193with feed supported subreflector splash plate feeds H01Q19/134 H01Q19/195wherein a reflecting surface acts also as a polarisation filter or a polarising device H01Q19/20Producing pencil beam by two cylindrical focusing devices with their focal lines orthogonally disposed H01Q19/22using a secondary device in the form of a single substantially straight conductive element H01Q19/24the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. H-antenna H01Q19/26the primary active element being end-fed and elongated H01Q19/28using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements log- periodic antennas H01Q11/10; constituting a reflecting surface H01Q19/10 H01Q19/30the primary active element being centre-fed and substantially straight, e.g. Yagi antenna H01Q19/32the primary active element being end-fed and elongated H01Q21/00Antenna arrays or systems arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system H01Q3/00 This group includes: arrays comprising two or more individually energised similar active aerial units spaced apart; combinations of different types of active aerials or arrays; combinations of substantially independant non-interacting active aerials or arrays. H01Q21/0006Particular feeding systems H01Q21/0012Radial guide fed arrays H01Q21/0018Space- fed arrays H01Q21/0025Modular arrays H01Q21/0031Parallel-plate fed arrays; Lens-fed arrays multibeam arrays H01Q25/008 H01Q21/0037linear waveguide fed arrays H01Q21/0043Slotted waveguides combination with horns H01Q13/0233 H01Q21/005Slotted waveguides arrays H01Q21/0056Conically or cylindrically arrayed H01Q21/0062the slots being disposed around the feeding waveguide H01Q21/0068Dielectric waveguide fed arrays H01Q21/0075Stripline fed arrays H01Q21/065 takes precedence H01Q21/0081using suspended striplines H01Q21/0087Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays manufacturing waveguides H01P11/00 H01Q21/0093Monolithic arrays H01Q21/06Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart H01Q21/061Two dimensional planar arrays H01Q21/062using dipole aerials; H01Q21/067, H01Q21/068 take precedence H01Q21/064using horn or slot aerials slotted waveguides arrays H01Q21/005 H01Q21/065Patch antenna array H01Q21/067using endfire radiating aerial units transverse to the plane of the array H01Q21/068using parallel coplanar travelling wave or leaky wave aerial units H01Q21/065 takes precedence H01Q21/08the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path waveguide fed H01Q21/0037 H01Q21/10Collinear arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units H01Q21/12Parallel arrangements of substantially straight elongated conductive units travelling-wave antennas comprising transmission line loaded with transverse elements H01Q11/02; Yagi antennas H01Q19/30 H01Q21/14Adcock antennas H01Q21/16U-type H01Q21/18H-type H01Q21/20the units being spaced along or adjacent to a curvilinear path slotted waveguide arrays H01Q21/005; circularly or helically slotted waveguides H01Q21/0062 H01Q21/205providing an omnidirectional coverage turnstile aerials H01Q21/26 H01Q21/22Antenna units of the array energised non-uniformly in amplitude or phase, e.g. tapered array or binomial array H01Q21/225Finite focus antenna arrays H01Q21/24Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction circularly polarised patch antennas H01Q9/0428; circularly polarised horns H01Q13/0241; cross-polarised horns H01Q13/0258; polarisation converters H01Q15/242; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; crossed polarisation dual antenna H01Q25/001 H01Q21/245provided with means for varying the polarisation polarising devices H01Q15/24; tracking by comparing linear polarisation compounds G01S3/146; reducing depolarisation effects H04B7/00 polarisation diversity H04B7/10 H01Q21/26Turnstile or like antennas comprising arrangements of three or more elongated elements disposed radially and symmetrically in a horizontal plane about a common centre H01Q21/28Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems multiple beam H01Q25/00 H01Q21/29Combinations of different interacting antenna units for giving a desired directional characteristic H01Q25/00 takes precedence H01Q21/293one unit or more being an array of identical aerial elements adaptive arrays H01Q3/2605 H01Q21/296Multiplicative arrays H01Q21/30Combinations of separate antenna units operating in different wavebands and connected to a common feeder system H01Q23/00Antennas with active circuits or circuit elements integrated within them or attached to them This group covers only such combinations in which the type of antenna or antenna element is immaterial. Combinations with a particular type of antenna are classified in the group appropriate to that type. H01Q25/00Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00 H01Q25/001Crossed polarisation dual antennas orthomode horns H01Q13/0258; cross-polarised rear feeds H01Q19/136; orthomode transducers H01P1/161 H01Q25/002providing at least two patterns of different beamwidth; Variable beamwidth antennas H01Q25/004providing two or four symmetrical beams for Janus application H01Q25/005providing two patterns of opposite direction; back to back antennas H01Q25/004 takes precedence H01Q25/007using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device for operation on different wavebands H01Q5/22 H01Q25/008lens fed multibeam arrays H01Q25/02providing sum and difference patterns H01Q25/04 takes precedence H01Q25/04Multimode antennas corrugated horns H01Q13/0208