E04C

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

BUILDING MATERIALS for bridges E01D; specially designed for insulation or other protection E04B; elements used as building aids E04G; for mining E21; for tunnels E21D; structural elements with broader range of application than for building engineering F16, particularly F16S

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

E04C1/00

Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings of relatively thin form E04C2/00; structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting E04C3/00, e.g. columns or pillars E04C3/30; manufacture or material of building bricks, stones, or the like B28, C03, C04; paving elements E01C; general building constructions E04B, e.g. walls E04B2/00, floors E04B5/00, roofs E04B7/00, ceilings E04B9/00;

roof coverings E04D; coverings for walls or ceilings E04F13/00; floorings E04F15/00

structural elements specially designed for built-in conduit shafts E04F17/00;

elements for buildings for particular purposes E04H7/00

; special elements for building ovens or furnaces F24B, F27D

E04C1/24

Elements for building-up floors, ceilings, roofs, arches, or beams E04C1/39 - E04C1/42 take precedence; flooring E04F15/00

E04C1/34

designed for use as filling elements

E04C1/36

between joists or girders

E04C1/38

in ribbed or cross-ribbed floors, ceilings, or roofs consisting of reinforced concrete

E04C1/39

characterised by special adaptations, e.g. serving for locating conduits, for forming soffits, cornices, or shelves, for fixing wall-plates or door-frames, for claustra

E04C1/392

for ventilating, heating or cooling

E04C1/395

for claustra, fences, planting walls, e.g. sound-absorbing pots for vertical horticulture A01G9/022

E04C1/397

serving for locating conduits E04C1/392 takes precedence

E04C1/40

built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts

E04C1/41

composed of insulating material and load-bearing concrete, stone or stone-like material

E04C1/42

of glass or other transparent material

panels made of glass bricks E04C2/546

E04C2/00

Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels materials or manufacture, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B27N, D21J; made in situ E04B; specially designed for insulation or other protection E04B1/62; load-carrying floor structures E04B5/02, E04B5/16; roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs E04B7/20; roof or like covering elements E04D3/00; for lining or finishing E04F13/00

E04C2002/001

Mechanical features of panels

E04C2002/002

Panels with integrated lifting means, e.g. with hoisting lugs

E04C2002/004

Panels with profiled edges, e.g. stepped, serrated

E04C2002/005

Appearance of panels

E04C2002/007

Panels with the appearance of a brick wall

E04C2002/008

Panels with the appearance of a natural stone wall

E04C2/02

characterised by specified materials translucent E04C2/54

E04C2/04

of concrete or other stone-like material

of asbestos cement;

of cement and other mineral fibres

E04C2/26 takes precedence; material or manufacture B28, C04

E04C2/041

composed of a number of smaller elements, e.g. bricks, also combined with a slab of hardenable material

E04C2/042

Apparatus for handling the smaller elements or the hardenable material; bricklaying machines for prefabricated panels bricklaying machines in general E04G21/22

E04C2/043

of plaster E04C2/049 takes precedence

E04C2/044

of concrete E04C2/049 takes precedence

E04C2002/045

with two parallel leaves connected by tie anchors

E04C2002/046

Flat anchors

E04C2002/047

Pin or rod shaped anchors

E04C2002/048

Bent wire anchors

E04C2/049

completely or partially of insulating material, e.g. cellular concrete or foamed plaster

E04C2/06

reinforced

E04C2/08

of metal, e.g. sheet metal E04C2/26 takes precedence

E04C2/10

of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like

of plastics

of foamed products

E04C2/049

, E04C2/26 take precedence;

hydraulic cement and mineral fibres E04C2/04

E04C2/12

of solid wood

E04C2/14

reinforced

E04C2/16

of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like

E04C2/18

with binding wires, reinforcing bars, or the like

E04C2/20

of plastics

E04C2/205

of foamed plastics, or of plastics and foamed plastics, optionally reinforced

E04C2/22

reinforced

E04C2/205 takes precedence

E04C2/24

laminated and composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/12, E04C2/16, E04C2/20

E04C2/243

one at least of the material being insulating

E04C2/246

combinations of materials fully covered by E04C2/16 and E04C2/20

E04C2/26

composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups

of cement and mineral fibres E04C2/04

E04C2/28

combinations of materials fully covered by groups E04C2/04 and E04C2/08

E04C2/284

at least one of the materials being insulating

E04C2/288

composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material

E04C2/2885

with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous

E04C2/292

composed of insulating material and sheet metal

E04C2/296

composed of insulating material and non-metallic or unspecified sheet-material E04C2/288 takes precedence

E04C2/30

characterised by the shape or structure translucent E04C2/54

E04C2/32

formed of corrugated or otherwise indented sheet-like material

composed of such layers with or without layers of flat sheet-like material

E04C2/322

with parallel corrugations

E04C2/324

with incisions or reliefs in the surface E04C2/326 takes precedence

E04C2/326

with corrugations, incisions or reliefs in more than one direction of the element

E04C2/328

slightly bowed or folded panels not otherwise provided for

E04C2/34

composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts E04C2/32 takes precedence; spacers for cavity walls E04B2/44

E04C2/3405

spaced apart by profiled spacer sheets

E04C2002/3411

Dimpled spacer sheets

E04C2002/3416

with cylindrical dimples

E04C2002/3422

with polygonal dimples

E04C2002/3427

with conical dimples

E04C2002/3433

with dimples extending from both sides of the spacer sheet

E04C2002/3438

with saddle-shaped dimples, e.g. eggcrate type spacer sheets

E04C2002/3444

Corrugated sheets

E04C2002/345

with triangular corrugations

E04C2002/3455

with trapezoidal corrugations

E04C2002/3461

with rectangular corrugations

E04C2002/3466

with sinusoidal corrugations

E04C2002/3472

with multiple layers of profiled spacer sheets

E04C2002/3477

spaced apart by tubular elements parallel to the sheets

E04C2002/3483

spaced apart by spacers stamped from the sheets

E04C2002/3488

spaced apart by frame like structures

E04C2002/3494

Apparatus for making profiled spacer sheets

E04C2/36

spaced apart by transversely-placed strip material, e.g. honeycomb panels honeycomb or other core members for layered products B32B

E04C2/365

by honeycomb structures

E04C2/38

with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels concerned with attaching to other panels or elements to form a structure, see the places for the relevant structure, e.g. E04B2/00

E04C2/382

with a frame of concrete or other stone-like substance

E04C2/384

with a metal frame

E04C2/386

with a frame of unreconstituted or laminated wood

E04C2/388

with a frame of other materials, e.g. fibres, plastics

E04C2/40

composed of a number of smaller components rigidly or movably connected together, e.g. interlocking, hingedly connected

of particular shape, e.g. not rectangular of variable shape or size, e.g. flexible or telescopic panels E04C2/041 takes precedence

E04C2/405

composed of two or more hingedly connected parts

E04C2/42

Gratings

Grid-like panels reinforcing elements E04C5/00; built-in gratings E04F19/10; gratings in general F16S3/00

E04C2/421

made of bar-like elements, e.g. bars discontinuous in one direction

E04C2/422

with continuous bars connecting at crossing points of the grid pattern

E04C2/423

with notches

E04C2/425

made of perforated bars

E04C2/426

with continuous bars that remain unconnected at crossing points of the grid pattern, e.g. with undulating bars

E04C2/427

Expanded metal or other monolithic gratings

E04C2/428

Separate connecting means, e.g. connecting gratings to underlying structure

E04C2/44

characterised by the purpose

E04C2/46

specially adapted for making walls E04C2/52, E04C2/54 take precedence; structure of slab-shaped elements E04B1/02; walls of elements of relatively thin form E04B2/72

E04C2/48

as high as or higher than the room, i.e. having provisions concerning the connection with at least two floors E04C2/52 and E04C2/54 take precedence

E04C2/50

Self-supporting slabs specially adapted for making floors ceilings, or roofs, e.g. able to be loaded E04C2/52, E04C2/54 take precedence; structures of slab-shaped elements E04B1/02; floor structures E04B5/00; roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs E04B7/20; ceilings E04B9/00; roof coverings E04D; floor coverings E04F15/00

E04C2/52

with special adaptations for auxiliary purposes, e.g. serving for locating conduits E04C2/54 takes precedence; block-shaped elements therefor E04C1/39; floor structures incorporating ducts E04B5/48

E04C2/521

serving for locating conduits; for ventilating, heating or cooling

E04C2/523

for ventilating

E04C2/525

for heating or cooling solar heat collectors F24S10/00; heat storage F28D20/00

E04C2/526

with adaptations not otherwise provided for, for connecting, transport; for making impervious or hermetic, e.g. sealings

E04C2/528

Impervious or hermetic panels not otherwise provided for

E04C2/54

Slab-like translucent elements floors for transmitting light E04B5/46; translucent or open-work ceilings E04B9/32, E04B9/34; translucent roof coverings E04D3/06, E04D3/28

E04C2/543

Hollow multi-walled panels with integrated webs

E04C2/546

made of glass bricks

E04C3/00

Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting as building aids E04G

E04C3/005

Girders or columns that are rollable, collapsible or otherwise adjustable in length or height girders as supporting members for forms E04G11/54

E04C3/02

Joists

Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated

Lintels

Transoms;

Braces

E04C3/38 takes precedence; for structures characterised by movable, separable, or collapsible parts E04B1/343;

braced purlins E04B7/024

E04C2003/023

Lintels

E04C2003/026

Braces

E04C3/04

of metal E04C3/29 takes precedence; as reinforcing elements E04C5/06; manufacture B21

E04C2003/0404

beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects

E04C2003/0408

characterised by assembly or the cross-section

E04C2003/0413

being built up from several parts

E04C2003/0417

demountable

E04C2003/0421

comprising one single unitary part

E04C2003/0426

characterised by material distribution in cross section

E04C2003/043

the hollow cross-section comprising at least one enclosed cavity

E04C2003/0434

the open cross-section free of enclosed cavities

E04C2003/0439

the cross-section comprising open parts and hollow parts

E04C2003/0443

characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section

E04C2003/0447

circular- or oval-shaped

E04C2003/0452

H- or I-shaped

E04C2003/0456

hollow flanged, i.e. "dogbone" metal beams

E04C2003/046

L- or T-shaped

E04C2003/0465

square- or rectangular-shaped

E04C2003/0469

triangular-shaped

E04C2003/0473

U- or C-shaped

E04C2003/0478

X-shaped

E04C2003/0482

Z- or S-shaped

E04C2003/0486

Truss like structures composed of separate truss elements

E04C2003/0491

the truss elements being located in one single surface or in several parallel surfaces

E04C2003/0495

the truss elements being located in several non-parallel surfaces

E04C3/06

with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web E04C3/10, E04C3/11 take precedence

honeycomb girders E04C3/083

E04C3/065

with special adaptations for the passage of cables or conduits through the web

E04C3/07

at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material

E04C3/08

with apertured web, e.g. with a web consisting of bar-like components

Honeycomb girders E04C3/10, E04C3/11 take precedence

E04C3/083

Honeycomb girders; Girders with apertured solid web

E04C3/086

of the castellated type

E04C3/09

at least partly of bent or otherwise deformed strip- or sheet-like material

E04C3/10

prestressed

E04C3/11

with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses arched girders, portal frames E04C3/38

E04C3/12

of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members E04C3/292 takes precedence

E04C3/122

Laminated

E04C3/125

End caps therefor

E04C3/127

with hollow cross section

E04C3/14

with substantially solid, i.e. unapertured, web

E04C3/127,

E04C3/17, E04C3/18 take precedence

E04C3/145

with special adaptations for the passage of cables or conduits through the web, e.g. reinforcements

E04C3/16

with apertured web, e.g. trusses E04C3/17, E04C3/18 take precedence

E04C3/17

with non-parallel upper and lower edges, e.g. roof trusses

E04C3/18

with metal

or other

reinforcements or tensioning members

E04C3/185

Synthetic reinforcements

E04C3/20

of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members reinforcing elements E04C5/00

E04C3/205

with apertured web, e.g. frameworks, trusses E04C3/26 takes precedence

E04C3/22

built-up by elements jointed in line

E04C3/26

prestressed E04C3/22, E04C3/29 take precedence; prestressing members E04C5/08

E04C3/28

of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20

E04C3/285

of glass

E04C3/29

built-up from parts of different material,

i.e. composite structures

E04C3/291

with apertured web

E04C3/292

the materials being wood and metal

E04C3/293

the materials being steel and concrete concrete with internal reinforcements or tensioning members E04C3/20

E04C3/294

of concrete combined with a girder-like structure extending laterally outside the element light weight girders used as reinforcement E04C5/065; as part of a floor structure E04B5/23

E04C3/30

Columns

Pillars

Struts not designed for end loading E04C3/02; posts, masts, as independent structures E04H12/00

E04C3/32

of metal E04C3/36 takes precedence

E04C3/34

of concrete other stone-like material, with or without permanent form elements, with or without internal or external reinforcement, e.g. metal coverings E04C3/36 takes precedence

E04C3/36

of materials not covered by groups E04C3/32 or E04C3/34

of a combination of two or more materials

E04C3/38

Arched girders or portal frames straight girders able to be bent E04C3/02; inflatable E04H15/20

E04C3/40

of metal E04C3/46 takes precedence

E04C3/42

of wood, e.g. units for rafter roofs E04C3/46 takes precedence

E04C3/44

of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. with reinforcements or tensioning members E04C3/46 takes precedence

E04C3/46

of materials not covered by groups E04C3/40 - E04C3/44

of a combination of two or more materials

E04C5/00

Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete

Auxiliary elements therefor

methods or devices for making reinforcing materials B21D

; material composition

C04B

, C21, C22; arrangements of reinforcing elements, see the relevant subclasses

In this group, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"reinforcing" means increasing any physical strength characteristic of the end product, e.g. compressive or flexural strength;

"elements" includes relatively large bodies, e.g. steel bars, as well as relatively small discrete bodies of any form, e.g. glass fibres.

Discrete reinforcing elements, which are small compared with the reinforced building element, only characterised by their composition are classified in C04B, e.g. steel fibres C04B14/48, plastic elements with a shape other than granular or fibrous C04B16/12

E04C5/01

Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings

E04C5/08 takes precedence

E04C5/012

Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

E04C5/015

Anti-corrosion coatings or treating compositions, e.g. containing waterglass or based on another metal coating of discrete reinforcing elements C04B20/10

E04C5/017

Anti-corrosion coatings or treating compositions containing cement

E04C5/02

of low bending resistance

E04C5/03

with indentations, projections, ribs, or the like, for augmenting the adherence to the concrete

E04C5/04

Mats

combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat E04C5/0627; three-dimensional mats E04C5/0636

; bases for plaster E04F13/04

E04C5/06

of high bending resistance, i.e. of essentially three-dimensional extent, e.g. lattice girders

anchorage devices specially adapted for balconies E04B1/0038; supporting devices for connector reinforcing rods for concrete walls E04G21/125

E04C5/0604

Prismatic or cylindrical reinforcement cages composed of longitudinal bars and open or closed stirrup rods E04C5/0631 takes precedence

E04C5/0609

Closed cages composed of two or more coacting cage parts, e.g. transversally hinged or nested parts

E04C5/0613

Closed cages made of one single bent reinforcement mat

E04C5/0618

Closed cages with spiral- or coil-shaped stirrup rod

E04C5/0622

Open cages, e.g. connecting stirrup baskets E04C5/0609 takes precedence

E04C5/0627

Three-dimensional reinforcements composed of a prefabricated reinforcing mat combined with reinforcing elements protruding out of the plane of the mat E04C5/0645 takes precedence

E04C5/0631

Reinforcing mats combined with separate prefabricated reinforcement cages or girders E04C5/064 takes precedence

E04C5/0636

Three-dimensional reinforcing mats composed of reinforcing elements laying in two or more parallel planes and connected by separate reinforcing parts E04C5/0645 takes precedence

E04C5/064

the reinforcing elements in each plane being formed by, or forming a, mat of longitunal and transverse bars

E04C5/0645

Shear reinforcements, e.g. shearheads for floor slabs

E04C5/065

Light-weight girders, e.g. with precast parts light-weight girders in general E04C3/08, E04C3/294

E04C5/0653

with precast parts

E04C5/0656

with lost formwork

E04C5/07

Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal metal elements with non-structural coatings E04C5/01

E04C5/073

Discrete reinforcing elements, e.g. fibres

E04C5/076

Specially adapted packagings therefor, e.g. for dosing

E04C5/08

Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions

production of reinforced objects in general B28B23/00; prestressed structures produced in situ

E04G21/12

E04C5/085

Tensile members made of fiber reinforced plastics

E04C5/10

Ducts

E04C5/12

Anchoring devices tools or methods for tensioning

in situ

E04G21/12

E04C5/122

the tensile members are anchored by wedge-action

E04C5/125

the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations

E04C5/127

The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics

E04C5/16

Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups

E04C5/06 takes precedence;

tools connecting reinforcing elements E04G21/12

E04C5/161

Protective caps for the ends of reinforcing bars

E04C5/162

Connectors or means for connecting parts for reinforcements E04C5/168 takes precedence

E04C5/163

the reinforcements running in one single direction

E04C5/165

Coaxial connection by means of sleeves

E04C5/166

the reinforcements running in different directions

E04C5/167

Connection by means of clips or other resilient elements

E04C5/168

Spacers connecting parts for reinforcements and spacing the reinforcements from the form

E04C5/18

Spacers

of metal or substantially of metal

E04C5/168 takes precedence

E04C5/20

of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires

E04C5/168 takes precedence

E04C5/201

Spacer blocks with embedded separate holding wire or clips

E04C5/203

Circular and spherical spacers

E04C5/205

Ladder or strip spacers

E04C5/206

Spacers having means to adapt the spacing distance

E04C5/208

Spacers especially adapted for cylindrical reinforcing cages