H04BTRANSMISSIONThis subclass covers the transmission of information-carrying signals, the transmission being independent of the nature of the information, and includes monitoring and testing arrangements and the suppression and limitation of noise and interference.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. H04B1/00 H04B1/00Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission In this group, group H04B1/0003 takes precedence over groups H04B1/005 - H04B1/76 H04B1/0003Software-defined radio [SDR] systems, i.e. systems wherein components typically implemented in hardware, e.g. filters or modulators/demodulators, are implented using software, e.g. by involving an AD or DA conversion stage such that at least part of the signal processing is performed in the digital domain digital baseband systems H04L25/00; digital modulation/demodulation H04L27/00; CDMA H04B1/707; TDMA H04B7/2643; image transmission H04N5/00 H04B1/0007wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at radiofrequency or intermediate frequency stage H04B1/001Channel filtering, i.e. selecting a frequency channel within the SDR system multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals being represented by different frequencies H04L5/06; multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals H04L5/023 H04B1/0014using DSP [Digital Signal Processor] quadrature modulation and demodulation H04B1/0017Digital filtering H04B1/001 takes precedence; digital filters per se H03H17/00 H04B1/0021Decimation, i.e. data rate reduction techniques H04B1/0025 takes precedence H04B1/0025using a sampling rate lower than twice the highest frequency component of the sampled signal for demodulation of angle-modulated signals H03D3/006 H04B1/0028wherein the AD/DA conversion occurs at baseband stage H04B1/0032with analogue quadrature frequency conversion to and from the baseband quadrature modulators and demodulators per se H03D3/007, H03C3/40 H04B1/0035Channel filtering, i.e. selecting a frequency channel within a software radio system multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals being represented by different frequencies H04L5/06; multiplexing of multicarrier modulation signals H04L5/023 H04B1/0039using DSP [Digital Signal Processor] quadrature modulation and demodulation H04B1/0042Digital filtering H04B1/0035 takes precedence; digital filters per se H03H17/00 H04B1/0046Decimation, i.e. data rate reduction techniques H04B1/005adapting radio receivers, transmitters andtransceivers for operation on two or more bands, i.e. frequency ranges H04B1/0053with common antenna for more than one band H04B1/0057using diplexing or multiplexing filters for selecting the desired band H04B1/006using switches for selecting the desired band H04B1/0057 takes precedence H04B1/0064with separate antennas for the more than one band H04B1/0053 takes precedence H04B1/0067with one or more circuit blocks in common for different bands H04B1/0071using a common intermediate frequency for more than one band H04B1/0075 takes precedence H04B1/0075using different intermediate frequencied for the different bands H04B1/0078with a common intermediate frequency amplifier for the different intermediate frequencies, e.g. when using switched intermediate frequency filters H04B1/0082with a common local oscillator for more than one band H04B1/0085where one band is the image frequency band of the other and the band selection is done by image rejection H04B1/0089using a first intermediate frequency higher that the highest of any band received H04B1/0092using a wideband front end H04B1/0096where a full band is frequency converted into another full band H04B1/02Transmitters H04B1/03Constructional details, e.g. casings, housings H04B1/034Portable transmitters H04B1/0343to be carried on the body H04B1/0346Hand-held transmitters H04B1/036Cooling arrangements H04B1/04Circuits H04B2001/0408with power amplifiers H04B2001/0416having gain or transmission power control H04B2001/0425with linearisation using predistortion H04B2001/0433with linearisation using feedback H04B2001/0441with linearisation using feed-forward H04B2001/045with means for improving efficiency H04B1/0458Arrangements for matching and coupling between power amplifier and antenna or between amplifying stages matching circuits in general H03H H04B1/0466Fault detection or indication H04B1/0483 takes precedence H04B1/0475with means for limiting noise, interference or distortion H04B1/0483 takes precedence H04B1/0483Transmitters with multiple parallel paths H04B2001/0491with frequency synthesizers, frequency converters or modulators H04B1/06Receivers H04B1/08Constructional details, e.g. cabinet H04B1/082to be used in vehicles H04B1/086 takes precedence; holding or mounting accessories B60R11/02 H04B2001/084with removable front panel H04B1/086Portable receivers H04B1/088with parts of the receiver detachable or collapsible H04B1/10Means associated with receiver for limiting or suppressing noise or interference H04B1/1009Placing the antenna at a place where the noise level is low and using a noise-free transmission line between the antenna and the receivers screened aerials H01Q7/04; feeders for aerials H01Q9/00 H04B1/1018noise filters connected between the power supply and the receiver suppression or limitation of noise from electric apparatus H04B15/00; demodulation H03D; ripple filters H02M1/14; filters in general 95G, H03H; power supplies H04B1/1607 H04B1/1027assessing signal quality or detecting noise/interference for the received signal H04B1/1036with automatic suppression of narrow band noise or interference, e.g. by using tuneable notch filters H04B1/123 takes precedence; filter circuits H03H H04B2001/1045Adjacent-channel interference H04B2001/1054by changing bandwidth H04B2001/1063using a notch filter H04B2001/1072by tuning the receiver frequency H04B1/1081Reduction of multipath noise by equalising H04B7/005 H04B1/109by improving strong signal performance of the receiver when strong unwanted signals are present at the receiver input H04B1/12Neutralising, balancing, or compensation arrangements H04B1/123using adaptive balancing or compensation means adaptive filter circuits and algorithms H03H H04B1/126having multiple inputs, e.g. auxiliary antenna for receiving interfering signal aerials in general H01Q H04B1/14Automatic detuning arrangements H04B1/16Circuits H04B1/1607Supply circuits converters H02M; filters therefor H02M1/14; voltage stabilisers G05F1/46 H04B1/1615Switching on; Switching off, e.g. remotely battery saving circuits associated with selective call operation H04W52/00; details of power consumption reduction in a PLL, H03L7/0802, H03L7/14, H03L2207/08, H03L2207/18; muting amplifiers by gain control see H03G3/34 H04B1/1623using tubes H04B1/163Special arrangements for the reduction of the damping of resonant circuits of receivers amplifiers H03F; negative impedance networks for line transmission systems H04B3/16 H04B1/1638Special circuits to enhance selectivity of receivers not otherwise provided for resonant circuits H03H H04B1/1646adapted for the reception of stereophonic signals H04B1/1653Detection of the presence of stereo signals and pilot signal regeneration H04B1/1661Reduction of noise by manipulation of the baseband composite stereophonic signal or the decoded left and right channels H04B1/1669of the demodulated composite stereo signal H04B1/1676of the sum or difference signal H04B1/1684of the decoded left or right stereo channel H04B1/1692using companding of the stereo difference signal, e.g. FMX volume compression or expansion in amplifiers H03G7/00 H04B1/18Input circuits, e.g. for coupling to an antenna or a transmission line coupling networks between antennas or lines and receivers independent of the nature of the receiver H03H H04B1/20for coupling gramophone pick-up, recorder output, or microphone to receiver H04B1/202by remote control H04B1/205with control bus for exchanging commands between units H04B1/207with an audio or audio/video bus for signal distribution H04B1/205 takes precedence H04B1/22for receivers in which no local oscillation is generated H04B1/24the receiver comprising at least one semiconductor device having three or more electrodes H04B1/26for superheterodyne receivers multiple frequency-changing H03D7/16 H04B1/28the receiver comprising at least one semiconductor device having three or more electrodes H04B1/30for homodyne or synchrodyne receivers demodulator circuits H03D1/22 H04B1/302for single sideband receivers demodulator circuits H03D1/24 H04B2001/305using dc offset compensation techniques H04B2001/307using n-port mixer H04B1/38Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving H04B1/3805with built-in auxiliary receivers H04B2001/3811Split configuration of transmission devices H04B1/3816Mechanical arrangements for accommodating identification devices, e.g. cards or chipswith connectors for programming identification devices H04B1/3818Arrangements for facilitating insertion or removal of identification devices H04B1/3822specially adapted for use in vehicles H04B1/3827 takes precedence H04B1/3827Portable transceivers H04B1/3833Hand-held transceivers H04B1/3838Arrangements for reducing RF exposure to the user, e.g. by changing the shape of the transceiver while in use H04B2001/3844with means to alert the user that a certain exposure has been reached H04B1/385Transceivers carried on the body, e.g. in helmets H04B2001/3855carried in a belt or harness H04B2001/3861carried in a hand or on fingers H04B2001/3866carried on the head H04B2001/3872with extendable microphones or earphones H04B1/3877Arrangements for enabling portable transceivers to be used in a fixed position, e.g. cradles or boosters H04B1/3883Arrangements for mounting batteries or battery chargers H04B1/3888Arrangements for carrying or protecting transceivers H04B2001/3894Waterproofing of transmission device H04B1/40Circuits H04B1/401for selecting or indicating operating mode H04B1/403using the same oscillator for generating both the transmitter frequency and the receiver local oscillator frequency H04B1/405with multiple discrete channels H04B1/406with more than one transmission mode, e.g. analog and digital modes H04B1/408the transmitter oscillator frequency being identical to the receiver local oscillator frequency H04B1/44Transmit/receive switching H04B1/46by voice-frequency signalsby pilot signals H04B1/48in circuits for connecting transmitter and receiver to a common transmission path, e.g. by energy of transmitter H04B1/46 takes precedence H04B2001/485inhibiting unwanted transmission H04B1/50using different frequencies for the two directions of communication H04B1/52Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa H04B1/525with means for reducing leakage of transmitter signal into the receiver H04B1/54using the same frequency for two directions of communication H04B1/44 takes precedence H04B1/56with provision for simultaneous communication in two directions H04B1/58Hybrid arrangements, i.e. arrangements for transition from single-path two-direction transmission to single-direction transmission on each of two paths or vice versa H04B1/581using a transformer H04B1/582with automatic balancing H04B1/583using a bridge network H04B1/585with automatic balancing H04B1/586using an electronic circuit H04B1/587using opto-couplers light transmission systems H04B10/00 H04B1/588using sampling gates H04B1/59RespondersTransponders H04B1/60Supervising unattended repeaters H04B1/62for providing a predistortion of the signal in the transmitter and corresponding correction in the receiver, e.g. for improving the signal/noise ratio H04B1/64Volume compression or expansion arrangements H04B1/66for reducing bandwidth of signalsfor improving efficiency of transmission H04B1/68 takes precedence H04B1/662using a time/frequency relationship, e.g. time compression or expansion H04B1/665using psychoacoustic properties of the ear, e.g. masking effect H04B1/667using a division in frequency subbands for TV signals H04N19/63 H04B1/68for wholly or partially suppressing the carrier or one side band H04B1/69Spread spectrum techniques H04B2001/6904using code hopping H04B2001/6908using time hopping H04B2001/6912using chirp H04B2001/6916Related theory H04B1/692Hybrid techniques using combinations of two or more spread spectrum techniques H04B1/707using direct sequence modulation H04B2001/70706using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay locked loop H04B1/70712with demodulation by means of convolvers, e.g. of the SAW type SAW convolvers in general G06G7/195 H04B1/70718with asynchronous demodulation, i.e. not requiring code synchronisation H04B2001/70724featuring pilot assisted reception H04B1/7073Synchronisation aspects H04B1/70735Code identification H04B1/7083 takes precedence H04B1/7075with code phase acquisition H04B1/70751using partial detection H04B1/70758 takes precedence H04B1/70752Partial correlation H04B1/70753Partial phase search H04B1/70754Setting of search window, i.e. range of code offsets to be searched H04B1/70758 takes precedence H04B1/70755Setting of lock conditions, e.g. threshold H04B1/70756Jumping within the code, i.e. masking or slewing H04B1/70758 takes precedence H04B1/70757with increased resolution, i.e. higher than half a chip H04B1/70758 takes precedence H04B1/70758Multimode search, i.e. using multiple search strategies H04B1/7077Multi-step acquisition, e.g. multi-dwell, coarse-fine or validation H04B1/70775Multi-dwell schemes, i.e. multiple accumulation times H04B1/708Parallel implementation H04B1/7083Cell search, e.g. using a three-step approach H04B1/7085using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop H04B2001/70855Dithering H04B1/7087Carrier synchronisation aspects H04B1/709Correlator structure H04B1/7093Matched filter type H04B2001/70935using a bank of matched fileters, e.g. Fast Hadamard Transform H04B1/7095Sliding correlator type H04B1/7097Interference-related aspects H04B1/71the interference being narrowband interference H04B1/7101with estimation filters H04B1/7102with transform to frequency domain H04B1/7103the interference being multiple access interference H04B1/7105Joint detection techniques, e.g. linear detectors H04B1/71052using decorrelation matrix H04B1/71055using minimum mean squared error [MMSE] detector H04B1/71057using maximum-likelihood sequence estimation [MLSE] H04B1/7107Subtractive interference cancellation H04B1/71072Successive interference cancellation H04B1/71075Parallel interference cancellation H04B2001/71077Partial interference cancellation H04B1/711the interference being multi-path interference H04B1/7113Determination of path profile H04B1/7115Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers H04B1/7117Selection, re-selection, allocation or re-allocation of paths to fingers, e.g. timing offset control of allocated fingers H04B1/712Weighting of fingers for combining, e.g. amplitude control or phase rotation using an inner loop H04B1/713using frequency hopping H04B1/7136Arrangements for generation of hop frequencies, e.g. using a bank of frequency sources, using continuous tuning or using a transform H04B2001/71362using a bank of frequency sources H04B2001/71365using continuous tuning of a single frequency source H04B2001/71367using a transform H04B1/7143Arrangements for generation of hop patterns H04B1/715Interference-related aspects H04B2001/7152with means for suppressing interference H04B2001/7154with means for preventing interference H04B1/7156Arrangements for sequence synchronisation H04B2001/71563Acquisition H04B2001/71566Tracking H04B1/7163using impulse radio H04B1/71632Signal aspects H04B1/7172 and H04B1/7176 take precedence H04B1/71635Transmitter aspects H04B1/7174 takes precedence H04B1/71637Receiver aspects H04B1/7183 takes precedence H04B1/717Pulse-related aspects H04B1/7172Pulse shape in general H04L25/03834 H04B1/7174Pulse generation in general H04L25/03834 H04B1/7176Data mapping, e.g. modulation H04B1/7183Synchronisation H04B1/719Interference-related aspects H04B1/72Circuits or components for simulating antennas, e.g. dummy antennas H04B1/74for increasing reliability, e.g. using redundant or spare channels or apparatus replacing by standby devices for amplifiers H03F1/52, H03F1/542 H04B1/745using by-passing or self-healing methods H04B1/76Pilot transmitters or receivers for control of transmission or for equalising H04B3/00Line transmission systems combined with near-field transmission systems H04B5/00 H04B3/02Details H04B3/03Hybrid circuits for transceivers H04B1/52, H04B1/58 H04B3/04Control of transmissionEqualising H04B3/06by the transmitted signal H04B3/08in negative-feedback path of line amplifier H04B3/10by pilot signal H04B3/11using pilot wire H04B3/12 takes precedence H04B3/12in negative-feedback path of line amplifier H04B3/14characterised by the equalising network used H04B3/141using multiequalisers, e.g. bump, cosine, Bode H04B3/142using echo-equalisers, e.g. transversal H04B3/143using amplitude-frequency equalisers H04B3/144fixed equalizers H04B3/145variable equalisers H04B3/146using phase-frequency equalisers H04B3/147fixed equalisers H04B3/148variable equalisers H04B3/16characterised by the negative-impedance network used H04B3/18wherein the network comprises semiconductor devices H04B3/20Reducing echo effects or singingOpening or closing transmitting pathConditioning for transmission in one direction or the other H04B3/21using a set of bandfilters H04B3/23using a replica of transmitted signal in the time domain, e.g. echo cancellers H04B3/231Echo cancellers using readout of a memory to provide the echo replica H04B3/232using phase shift, phase roll or frequency offset correction H04B3/234using double talk detection H04B3/235combined with adaptive equaliser H04B3/237using two adaptive filters, e.g. for near end and for end echo cancelling H04B3/238using initial training sequence H04B3/26Improving frequency characteristic by the use of loading coils H04B3/28Reducing interference caused by currents induced in cable sheathing or armouring H04B3/30Reducing interference caused by unbalance current in a normally balanced line H04B3/32Reducing cross-talk, e.g. by compensating H04B3/34by systematic interconnection of lengths of cable during layingby addition of balancing components to cable during laying H04B3/36Repeater circuits H04B3/58 takes precedence H04B3/38for signals in two different frequency ranges transmitted in opposite directions over the same transmission path H04B3/40Artificial linesNetworks simulating a line of certain length H04B3/42Circuits for by-passing of ringing signals H04B3/44Arrangements for feeding power to a repeater along the transmission line H04B3/46MonitoringTesting H04B3/462Testing group delay or phase shift, e.g. timing jitter H04B3/466Testing attenuation in combination with at least one of group delay and phase shift H04B3/48Testing attenuation H04B3/466 takes precedence H04B3/487Testing crosstalk effects H04B3/493Testing echo effects or singing H04B3/50Systems for transmission between fixed stations via two-conductor transmission lines H04B3/54 takes precedence H04B3/52Systems for transmission between fixed stations via waveguides H04B3/54Systems for transmission via power distribution lines H04B3/542the information being in digital form H04B3/544Setting up communications; Call and signalling arrangements H04B3/546Combination of signalling, telemetering, protection circuits for remote indication of supply or distribution network condition H02J13/00 H04B3/548the power on the line being DC arrangements for feeding power H04L12/10; extracting feeding power from signals H04L25/02 H04B3/56Circuits for coupling, blocking, or by-passing of signals H04B3/58Repeater circuits H04B3/60Systems for communication between relatively movable stations, e.g. for communication with lift H04B3/54 takes precedence H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive loop type H04B5/0006using a receiver structurally associated with a loudspeaker or an earphone H04B5/0012using capacitive coupling H04B5/0018using leaky or radiating cables, e.g. leaky coaxial cables or power lines for inductive transmission leaky cables per se H01Q13/20; for railways B61L3/22 H04B5/0025Near field system adaptations H04B5/0031for data transfer H04B5/0037for power transfer H04B5/0043for taking measurements, e.g. using sensor coils H04B5/005for isolation purposes H04B5/0056for use in interrogation, identification or read/write systems record carriers G06K7/00, G06K19/00; for railways B61L3/12 H04B5/0062in RFID [Radio Frequency Identification] Systems H04B5/0068in transponders H04B5/0075using inductive coupling transformers or inductances adapted for inductive coupling H01F38/14 H04B5/0081with antenna coils loop aerials H01Q7/00 H04B5/0087with multiple coils at either side H04B5/0093with one coil at each side, e.g. with primary and secondary coils H04B5/02using transceiver H04B5/04Calling systems, e.g. paging system H04B5/06using a portable transmitter associated with a microphone H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field H04B10/00, H04B15/00 take precedence H04B7/002Reducing depolarization effects H04B7/005Control of transmissionEqualising H04B7/01Reducing phase shift H04B7/015Reducing echo effects H04B7/02Diversity systemsMulti-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas RAKE receivers H04B1/7115 H04B7/022Site diversityMacro-diversity using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/04 H04B7/024Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems H04B7/026Co-operative diversity, e.g. using fixed or mobile stations as relays H04B7/028Spatial transmit diversity using a single antenna at the transmitter H04B7/04using two or more spaced independent antennas H04B7/0404the mobile station comprising multiple antennas, e.g. to provide uplink diversity H04B7/0408using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity H04B7/0413MIMO systems H04B7/0417Feedback systems H04B7/0421utilizing implicit feedback, e.g. steered pilot signals H04B7/0426Power distribution H04B7/043using best eigenmode, e.g. beam forming or beam steering H04B7/0434using multiple eigenmodes H04B7/0439utilizing channel inversion H04B7/0443utilizing "waterfilling" technique H04B7/0447utilizing uniform distribution H04B7/0452Multi-user MIMO systems H04B7/0456Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting H04B7/046taking physical layer constraints into account H04B7/0465taking power constraints at power amplifier or emission constraints, e.g. constant modulus, into account H04B7/0469taking special antenna structures, e.g. cross polarized antennas into account H04B7/0473taking constraints in layer or codeword to antenna mapping into account H04B7/0478Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimization H04B7/0482Adaptive codebooks H04B7/0486taking channel rank into account H04B7/0491using two or more sectors, i.e. sector diversity H04B7/0495using overlapping sectors in the same base station to implement MIMO for antennas H04B7/06at the transmitting station H04B7/0602using antenna switching H04B7/0686 takes precedence; antenna beam directivity switching H01Q3/24 H04B7/0604with predefined switching scheme H04B7/0606Random or pseudo-random switching scheme H04B7/0608Antenna selection according to transmission parameters H04B7/061using feedback from receiving side H04B7/0613using simultaneous transmission H04B7/0686 takes precedence H04B7/0615of weighted versions of same signal H04B7/0617for beam forming H04B7/0619using feedback from receiving side feedback signaling for adaptive modulation/coding H04L1/0001 H04B7/0621Feedback content H04B7/0623Auxiliary parameters, e.g. power control [PCB] or not acknowledged commands [NACK], used as feedback information H04B7/0626Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI] H04B7/0628Diversity capabilities H04B7/063Parameters other than those covered in groups H04B7/0623 - H04B7/0634, e.g. channel matrix rank or transmit mode selection H04B7/0632Channel quality parameters, e.g. channel quality indicator [CQI] H04B7/0634Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients H04B7/0636Feedback format H04B7/0639Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection H04B7/0641Differential feedback H04B7/0643Feedback on request H04B7/0645Variable feedback H04B7/0647Variable feedback rate H04B7/065Variable contents, e.g. long-term or short-short H04B7/0652Feedback error handling H04B7/0654at the receiver, e.g. antenna verification at mobile station H04B7/0656at the transmitter, e.g. error detection at base station H04B7/0658Feedback reduction H04B7/066Combined feedback for a number of channels, e.g. over several subcarriers like in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing [OFDM] H04B7/0663using vector or matrix manipulations H04B7/0665Feed forward of transmit weights to the receiver H04B7/0667of delayed versions of same signal using space-time coding H04L1/0618 H04B7/0669using different channel coding between antennas space-time coding H04L1/0618 H04B7/0671using different delays between antennas H04B7/0673using feedback from receiving side H04B7/0676using random or pseudo-random delays H04B7/0678using different spreading codes between antennas code allocation H04J13/16 H04B7/068using space frequency diversity space-frequency coding H04L1/0606 H04B7/0682using phase diversity (e.g. phase sweeping) H04B7/0684using different training sequences per antenna H04B7/0686Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and simultaneous transmission H04B7/0689using different transmission schemes, at least one of them being a diversity transmission scheme H04B7/0691using subgroups of transmit antennas H04B7/0693switching off a diversity branch, e.g. to save power H04B7/0695using beam selection H04B7/0697using spatial multiplexing H04B7/08at the receiving station H04B7/0802using antenna selection H04B7/0868 takes precedence; antenna beam directivity switching H01Q3/24 H04B7/0805with single receiver and antenna switching H04B7/0822 takes precedence H04B7/0808comparing all antennas before reception H04B7/0811during preamble or gap period H04B7/0814based on current reception conditions, e.g. switching to different antenna when signal level is below threshold H04B7/0817with multiple receivers and antenna path selection H04B7/082selecting best antenna path H04B7/0822according to predefined selection scheme H04B7/0825with main and with auxiliary or diversity antennas H04B7/0828with delay elements in antenna paths H04B7/0831Compensation of the diversity switching process for non-uniform properties or faulty operations of the switches used in the diversity switching process H04B7/0834based on external parameters, e.g. subscriber speed or location H04B7/0837using pre-detection combining H04B7/0868 takes precedence H04B7/084Equal gain combining, only phase adjustments antenna beam scanning or forming by phase or amplitude control H01Q3/26, e.g. phased arrays H04B7/0842Weighted combining H04B7/0845per branch equalization, e.g. by an FIR-filter or RAKE receiver per antenna branch rake receivers as such H04B1/7115 H04B7/0848Joint weighting H04B7/0851using training sequences or error signal minimizing error signal H04B7/0854 H04B7/0854using error minimizing algorithms, e.g. minimum mean squared error [MMSE], "cross-correlation" or matrix inversion H04B7/0857using maximum ratio combining techniques, e.g. signal-to- interference ratio [SIR], received signal strenght indication [RSS] H04B7/086using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming H04B7/0862receiver computing weights based on information from the transmitter H04B7/0865Independent weighting, i.e. weights based on own antenna reception parameters H04B7/0868Hybrid systems, i.e. switching and combining H04B7/0871using different reception schemes, at least one of them being a diversity reception scheme H04B7/0874using subgroups of receive antennas H04B7/0877switching off a diversity branch, e.g. to save power H04B7/088using beam selection H04B7/0882using post-detection diversity H04B7/0885with combination H04B7/0888with selection H04B7/0891Space-time diversity rake receivers H04B1/7115; space-time decoding H04L1/0631 H04B7/0894using different delays between antennas H04B7/0897using beamforming per multi-path, e.g. to cope with different directions of arrival [DOA] at different multi-paths H04B7/10Polarisation diversityDirectional diversity H04B7/12Frequency diversity H04B7/14Relay systems H04B7/145Passive relay systems H04B7/15Active relay systems H04B7/155Ground-based stations H04B7/204 takes precedence H04B7/15507Relay station based processing for cell extension or control of coverage area, network planning with network coordinated processing with regard to cell extension H04W16/26; network topologies using dedicated repeater stations H04W84/047; terminal devices adapted for relaying to or from an other terminal H04W88/04 H04B7/15514for shadowing compensation for satellite mobile telephony service systems H04B7/18536 H04B7/15521combining by calculations packets received from different stations before transmitting the combined packets as part of network coding network coding aspects for detection or prevention of errors in the information received H04L1/0076; network traffic management with optimizing of information sizing, e.g. header compression, by using assembly and disassembly of packets H04W28/065 H04B7/15528Control of operation parameters of a relay station to exploit the physical medium H04B7/15535Control of relay amplifier gain amplifier gain control in general H03G3/00; gain control reducing self - or loop interference H04B7/15578 H04B7/15542Selecting at relay station its transmit and receive resources selection of wireless resources by user or terminal H04W72/02; arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path by two-dimensional division of the resources H04L5/0003, or by allocating sub-channels H04L5/003 H04B7/1555Selecting relay station antenna mode, e.g. selecting omnidirectional -, directional beams, selecting polarizations H04B7/15557Selecting relay station operation mode, e.g. between amplify and forward mode, decode and forward mode or FDD - and TDD mode H04B7/15564Relay station antennae loop interference reduction H04B7/15571by signal isolation, e.g. isolation by frequency or by antenna pattern, or by polarization H04B7/15578by gain adjustment H04B7/15585by interference cancellation H04B7/15592Adapting at the relay station communication parameters for supporting cooperative relaying, i.e. transmission of the same data via direct - and relayed path cooperative diversity H04B7/024 H04B7/165employing angle modulation H04B7/17employing pulse modulation, e.g. pulse code modulation H04B7/185Space-based or airborne stations; Stations for satellite systemsH04B7/204 takes precedence H04B7/18502Airborne stations H04B7/18504Aircraft used as relay or high altitude atmospheric platform H04B7/18506Communications with or from aircraft, i.e. aeronautical mobile service H04B7/18508with satellite system used as relay, i.e. aeronautical mobile satellite service H04B7/1851Systems using a satellite or space-based relay H04B7/18508, H04B7/18521 take precedence; providing specific services H04B7/18523 - H04B7/18576 H04B7/18513Transmission in a satellite or space-based system H04B7/18515Transmission equipment in satellites or space-based relays H04B7/18517Transmission equipment in earth stations H04B7/18519Operations control, administration or maintenance H04B7/18521Systems of inter linked satellites, i.e. inter satellite service for optical links between satellites H04B10/118 H04B7/18523Satellite systems for providing broadcast service to terrestrial stations, i.e. broadcast satellite service arrangements specially adapted for satellite broadcast receiving H04H40/90; picture transmission via satellite H04N1/00103; television transmission via satellite H04N7/20 H04B7/18526Arrangements for data linking, networking or transporting, or for controlling an end to end session data switching networks H04L12/00 H04B7/18528Satellite systems for providing two-way communications service to a network of fixed stations, i.e. fixed satellite service or very small aperture terminal [VSAT] system H04B7/1853Satellite systems for providing telephony service to a mobile station, i.e. mobile satellite service for selecting H04W H04B7/18532Arrangements for managing transmission, i.e. for transporting data or a signalling message H04B7/18534for enhancing link reliablility, e.g. satellites diversity H04B7/18536Shadowing compensation therefor, e.g. by using an additional terrestrial relay H04B7/18539Arrangements for managing radio, resources, i.e. for establishing or releasing a connection H04B7/18541for handover of resources H04B7/18543for adaptation of transmission parameters, e.g. power control for detecting or preventing errors in the information received H04L1/00 H04B7/18545Arrangements for managing station mobility, i.e. for station registration or localisation H04B7/18547for geolocalisation of a station position fixing by direction or distance determination G01S5/00 H04B7/1855using a telephonic control signal, e.g. propagation delay variation, Doppler frequency variation, power variation, beam identification H04B7/18552using a telephonic control signal and a second ranging satellite determining absolute distances from a plurality of spaced points of known location G01S5/14 H04B7/18554using the position provided by an existing geolocalisation system H04B7/18556using a location database H04B7/18558Arrangements for managing communications, i.e. for setting up, maintaining or releasing a call between stations H04B7/1856for call routing H04B7/18563Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems data switching networks H04L12/00 H04B7/18565Arrangements for preventing unauthorised access or for providing user protection arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00 H04B7/18567Arrangements for providing additional services to the basic mobile satellite telephony service H04B7/18569Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction operations control, administration, maintenance H04B7/18571for satellites; for fixed or mobile stations H04B7/18573for operations control, administration or maintenance H04B7/18576Satellite systems for providing narrowband data service to fixed or mobile stations, e.g. using a minisatellite, a microsatellite for selecting H04W H04B7/18578Satellite systems for providing broadband data service to individual earth stations for selecting H04W; provisions for broadband connection, H04Q11/0478 H04B7/1858Arrangements for data transmission on the physical system, i.e. for data bit transmission between network components H04B7/18582Arrangements for data linking, i.e. for data framing, for error recovery, for multiple access H04B7/18584Arrangements for data networking, i.e. for data packet routing, for congestion control data switching networks H04L12/00 H04B7/18586Arrangements for data transporting, e.g. for an end to end data transport or check H04B7/18589Arrangements for controlling an end to end session, i.e. for initialising, synchronising or terminating an end to end link H04B7/18591Arrangements for interconnecting multiple systems data switching networks H04L12/00 H04B7/18593Arrangements for preventing unauthorised access or for providing user protection arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00 H04B7/18595Arrangements for adapting broadband applications to satellite systems H04B7/18597Arrangements for system physical machines management, i.e. for construction, operations control, administration, maintenance H04B7/19Earth-synchronous stations H04B7/195Non-synchronous stations H04B7/204Multiple access H04B7/2041Spot beam multiple access H04B7/2043Mixed mode, TDM and FDM systems H04B7/2045SS-FDMA, FDMA satellite switching H04B7/2046SS-TDMA, TDMA satellite switching H04B7/2048Frame structure, synchronisation or frame acquisition in SS-TDMA systems H04B7/208Frequency-division multiple access [FDMA] H04B7/212Time-division multiple access [TDMA] H04B7/2121Channels assignment to the different stations H04B7/2123Variable assignment, e.g. demand assignment H04B7/2125Synchronisation H04B7/2126using a reference station H04B7/2128Changing of the reference station H04B7/216Code division or spread-spectrum multiple access [CDMA, SSMA] H04B7/22Scatter propagation systems , e.g. ionospheric, tropospheric or meteor scatter H04B7/24for communication between two or more posts wireless communication networks H04W H04B7/26at least one of which is mobile H04B7/2603Arrangements for wireless physical layer control H04B7/2612 takes precedence H04B7/2606Arrangements for base station coverage control, e.g. by using relays in tunnels H04B7/2609Arrangements for range control, e.g. by using remote antennas H04B7/2612Arrangements for wireless medium access control, e.g. by allocating physical layer transmission capacity H04B7/2615 - H04B7/2643 take precedence; provision for broadband connection H04Q11/0478 H04B7/2615using hybrid frequency-time division multiple access [FDMA-TDMA] H04B7/2618using hybrid code-time division multiple access [CDMA-TDMA] H04B7/2621using frequency division multiple access [FDMA] H04B7/2615 takes precedence H04B7/2625using common wave H04B7/2628using code-division multiple access [CDMA] or spread spectrum multiple access [SSMA] H04B7/2618 takes precedence H04B7/2631for broadband transmission H04B7/2634for channel frequency control H04B7/2637for logical channel control H04B7/264for data rate control H04B7/2643using time-division multiple access [TDMA] H04B7/2615, H04B7/2618 take precedence H04B7/2646for broadband transmission H04B7/265for channel frequency control H04B7/2653for logical channel control H04B7/2656for structure of frame, burst H04B7/2659for data rate control H04B7/2662Arrangements for Wireless System Synchronisation H04B7/2665Arrangements for Wireless Frequency Division Multiple Access [FDMA] System Synchronisation H04B7/2668Arrangements for Wireless Code-Division Multiple Access [CDMA] System Synchronisation, for code acquisition H04B1/7075, for code tracking H04B1/7085 H04B7/2671Arrangements for Wireless Time-Division Multiple Access [TDMA] System Synchronisation H04B7/2675Frequency synchronisation H04B7/2678Time synchronisation H04B7/2681Synchronisation of a mobile station with one base station H04B7/2684Synchronisation of a mobile station with more than one base station H04B7/2687Inter base stations synchronisation H04B7/269Master/slave synchronisation H04B7/2693Centralised synchronisation, i.e. using external universal time reference, e.g. by using a global positioning system [GPS] or by distributing time reference over the wireline network H04B7/2696Over the air autonomous synchronisation, e.g. by monitoring network activity H04B7/2693 takes precedence H04B10/00Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication In this group, non-optical transmission systems are classified in group H04B10/90. H04B10/03Arrangements for fault recovery H04B10/032using working and protection systems H04J14/0287 takes precedence H04B10/035using loopbacks H04B10/038using bypasses H04B10/07Arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systemsArrangements for fault measurement of transmission systems H04B10/071using a reflected signal, e.g. using optical time domain reflectometers [OTDR] H04B10/073using an out-of-service signal H04B10/071 takes precedence H04B10/0731Testing or characterisation of optical devices, e.g. amplifiers H04B10/075using an in-service signal H04B10/071 takes precedence H04B10/077using a supervisory or additional signal H04B10/0771Fault location on the transmission path H04B10/0773Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters H04B10/0775Performance monitoring and measurement of transmission parameters H04B10/0777Monitoring line amplifier or line repeater equipment H04B10/0779Monitoring line transmitter or line receiver equipment H04B10/079using measurements of the data signal H04B10/0791Fault location on the transmission path H04B10/0793Network aspects, e.g. central monitoring of transmission parameters H04B10/0795Performance monitoring; Measurement of transmission parameters H04B10/07951Monitoring or measuring chromatic dispersion or PMD H04B10/07953Monitoring or measuring OSNR, BER or Q H04B10/07955Monitoring or measuring power H04B10/07957Monitoring or measuring wavelength H04B10/0797Monitoring line amplifier or line repeater equipment H04B10/0799Monitoring line transmitter or line receiver equipment H04B10/11Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum H04B10/112Line-of-sight transmission over an extended range H04B10/1121One-way transmission H04B10/1123Bidirectional transmission H04B10/1125using a single common optical path H04B10/1127using two distinct parallel optical paths H04B10/1129Arrangements for outdoor wireless networking of information H04B10/114Indoor or close-range type systems H04B10/1141One-way transmission H04B10/1143Bidirectional transmission H04B10/1149Arrangements for indoor wireless networking of information H04B10/116Visible light communication H04B10/118specially adapted for satellite communication H04B10/25Arrangements specific to fibre transmission H04B10/2507for the reduction or elimination of distortion or dispersion H04B10/25073using spectral equalisation, e.g. spectral filtering H04B10/25077using soliton propagation H04B10/2513due to chromatic dispersion H04B10/25133including a lumped electrical or optical dispersion compensator H04B10/2519, H04B10/2525 takes precedence H04B10/25137using pulse shaping at the transmitter, e.g. pre-chirping or dispersion supported transmission [DST] H04B10/2519using Bragg gratings H04B10/2525using dispersion-compensating fibres H04B10/25253with dispersion management, i.e. using a combination of different kind of fibres in the transmission system H04B10/2531using spectral inversion H04B10/2537due to scattering processes, e.g. Raman or Brillouin scattering H04B10/2543due to fibre non-linearities, e.g. Kerr effect H04B10/255Self-phase modulation [SPM] H04B10/2557Cross-phase modulation [XPM] H04B10/2563Four-wave mixing [FWM] H04B10/2569due to polarisation mode dispersion [PMD] H04B10/2572due to forms of polarisation-dependent distortion other than PMD H04B10/2575Radio-over-fibre, e.g. radio frequency signal modulated onto an optical carrier H04B10/25751Optical arrangements for CATV or video distribution adaptations of television systems for optical transmission H04N7/22 H04B10/25752Optical arrangements for wireless networks H04B10/25753Distribution optical network, e.g. between a base station and a plurality of remote units H04B10/25754Star network topology H04B10/25755Ring network topology H04B10/25756Bus network topology H04B10/25758between a central unit and a single remote unit by means of an optical fibre H04B10/25759Details of the reception of RF signal or the optical conversion before the optical fibre H04B10/2581Multimode transmission H04B10/2587using a single light source for multiple stations H04B10/2589Bidirectional transmission H04B10/25891Transmission components H04B10/40 takes precedence H04B10/27Arrangements for networking H04B10/271Combination of different networks, e.g. star and ring configuration in the same network or two ring networks interconnected H04B10/272Star-type networks or tree-type networks H04B10/2725Star-type networks without a headend H04B10/275Ring-type networks H04B10/2755Ring-type networks with a headend H04B10/278Bus-type networks H04B10/29Repeaters H04B10/291in which processing or amplification is carried out without conversion of the main signal from optical form H04B10/2912characterised by the medium used for amplification or processing H04B10/2914using lumped semiconductor optical amplifiers [SOA] H04B10/2916using Raman or Brillouin amplifiers H04B10/293Signal power control H04B10/2931using AGC H04B10/294 takes precedence H04B10/2933considering the whole optical path H04B10/2935with a cascade of amplifiers H04B10/2937Systems with a repeater placed only at the beginning or the end of the system, i.e. repeaterless systems, e.g. systems with only post and pre-amplification H04B10/2939Network aspects H04B10/294in a multiwavelength system, e.g. gain equalisation H04B10/2941using an equalising unit, e.g. a filter H04B10/296 takes precedence H04B10/2942using automatic gain control [AGC] H04B10/296 takes precedence H04B10/296Transient power control, e.g. due to channel add/drop or rapid fluctuations in the input power H04B10/297Bidirectional amplification H04B10/2971A single amplifier for both directions H04B10/2972Each direction being amplified separately H04B10/298Two-way repeaters, i.e. repeaters amplifying separate upward and downward lines H04B10/299Signal waveform processing, e.g. reshaping or retiming H04B10/40Transceivers H04B10/43using a single component as both light source and receiver, e.g. using a photoemitter as a photoreceiver H04B10/50Transmitters H04B10/501Structural aspects H04B10/502LED transmitters H04B10/503Laser transmitters H04B10/504using direct modulation H04B10/505using external modulation H04B10/5051using a series, i.e. cascade, combination of modulators H04B10/5053using a parallel, i.e. shunt, combination of modulators H04B10/5055using a pre-coder H04B10/5057using a feedback signal generated by analysing the optical output H04B10/50572to control the modulating signal amplitude including amplitude distortion H04B10/50575to control the modulator DC bias H04B10/50577to control the phase of the modulating signal H04B10/5059using a feed-forward signal generated by analysing the optical or electrical input H04B10/50593to control the modulating signal amplitude including amplitude distortion H04B10/50595to control the modulator DC bias H04B10/50597to control the phase of the modulating signal H04B10/506Multiwavelength transmitters H04B10/508Pulse generation, e.g. generation of solitons H04B10/516Details of coding or modulation H04B10/5161Combination of different modulation schemes H04B10/5162Return-to-zero modulation schemes H04B10/5165Carrier suppressed; Single sideband; Double sideband or vestigial H04B10/5167Duo-binary; Alternative mark inversion; Phase shaped binary transmission H04B10/524Pulse modulation H04B10/532Polarisation modulation H04B10/54Intensity modulation H04B10/541Digital intensity or amplitude modulation H04B10/548Phase or frequency modulation H04B10/556Digital modulation, e.g. differential phase shift keying [DPSK] or frequency shift keying [FSK] H04B10/5561Digital phase modulation H04B10/5563Digital frequency modulation H04B10/564Power control H04B10/572Wavelength control H04B10/58Compensation for non-linear transmitter output H04B10/588in external modulation systems H04B10/60Receivers H04B10/61Coherent receivers H04B10/612for optical signals modulated with a format different from binary or higher-order PSK [X-PSK], e.g. QAM, DPSK, FSK, MSK, ASK H04B10/613including phase diversity, e.g., having in-phase and quadrature branches, as in QPSK coherent receivers H04B10/614comprising one or more polarization beam splitters, e.g. polarization multiplexed [PolMux] X-PSK coherent receivers, polarization diversity heterodyne coherent receivers H04J14/06 takes precedence H04B10/615Arrangements affecting the optical part of the receiver H04B10/6151comprising a polarization controller at the receiver's input stage H04B10/616Details of the electronic signal processing in coherent optical receivers H04B10/6161Compensation of chromatic dispersion H04B10/6162Compensation of polarization related effects, e.g., PMD, PDL H04B10/6163Compensation of non-linear effects in the fiber optic link, e.g. self-phase modulation [SPM], cross-phase modulation [XPM], four wave mixing [FWM] H04B10/6164Estimation or correction of the frequency offset between the received optical signal and the optical local oscillator H04B10/6165Estimation of the phase of the received optical signal, phase error estimation or phase error correction H04B10/6166Polarisation demultiplexing, tracking or alignment of orthogonal polarisation components H04B10/63Homodyne , i.e. coherent receivers where the local oscillator is locked in frequency and phase to the carrier signal H04B10/64Heterodyne , i.e. coherent receivers where, after the opto-electronic conversion, an electrical signal at an intermediate frequency [fIF] is obtained H04B10/65Intradyne, i.e. coherent receivers with a free running local oscillator having a frequency close but not phase-locked to the carrier signal H04B10/66Non-coherent receivers, e.g. using direct detection H04B10/67Optical arrangements in the receiver H04B10/671for controlling the input optical signal H04B10/672for controlling the power of the input optical signal H04B10/673using an optical preamplifier H04B10/674using a variable optical attenuator H04B10/675for controlling the optical bandwidth of the input signal, e.g. spectral filtering H04B10/676for all-optical demodulation of the input optical signal H04B10/677for differentially modulated signal, e.g. DPSK signals H04B10/69Electrical arrangements in the receiver H04B10/691Arrangements for optimizing the photodetector in the receiver H04B10/6911Photodiode bias control, e.g. for compensating temperature variations H04B10/693Arrangements for optimizing the preamplifier in the receiver H04B10/6931Automatic gain control of the preamplifier H04B10/6932Bandwidth control of bit rate adaptation H04B10/6933Offset control of the differential preamplifier H04B10/695Arrangements for optimizing the decision element in the receiver, e.g. by using automatic threshold control H04B10/697Arrangements for reducing noise and distortion H04B10/6971using equalisation H04B10/6972using passive filtering H04B10/6973using noise matching networks H04B10/70Photonic quantum communication H04B10/80Optical aspects relating to the use of optical transmission for specific applications, not provided for in groups H04B10/03 - H04B10/70, e.g. optical power feeding or optical transmission through water H04B10/801using optical interconnects, e.g. light coupled isolators, circuit board interconnections H04B10/802for isolation, e.g. using optocouplers H04B10/803Free space interconnects, e.g. between circuit boards or chips H04B10/806Arrangements for feeding power H04B10/807Optical power feeding, i.e. transmitting power using an optical signal H04B10/808Electrical power feeding of an optical transmission system H04B10/85Protection from unauthorised access, e.g. eavesdrop protection H04B10/90Non-optical transmission systems, e.g. transmission systems employing non-photonic corpuscular radiation H04B11/00Transmission systems employing sonic, ultrasonic or infrasonic waves H04B13/00Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00 H04B13/005Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body H04B13/02Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the earth or a large mass of water thereon, e.g. earth telegraphy H04B14/00Transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission details thereof H04B1/00 H04B14/002characterised by the use of a carrier modulation using subcarrier modulation H04B14/08 H04B14/004Amplitude modulation H04B14/006Angle modulation H04B14/008Polarisation modulation H04B14/02characterised by the use of pulse modulation in radio transmission relays H04B7/17 H04B14/023using pulse amplitude modulation H04B14/026using pulse time characteristics modulation, e.g. width, position, interval H04B14/04using pulse code modulation H04B14/042Special circuits, e.g. comparators H04B14/044Sample and hold circuits in general G11C27/02 H04B14/046Systems or methods for reducing noise or bandwidth H04B14/048Non linear compression or expansion H04B14/06using differential modulation, e.g. delta modulation H04B14/062using delta modulation or one-bit differential modulation [1DPCM] H04B14/064with adaptive feedback H04B14/066using differential modulation with several bits [NDPCM] H04B14/068with adaptive feedback H04B14/08characterised by the use of a sub-carrier H04B15/00Suppression or limitation of noise or interference by means associated with receiver H04B1/10 H04B15/005Reducing noise, e.g. humm, from the supply H04B15/02Reducing interference from electric apparatus by means located at or near the interfering apparatus H04B15/025Reducing interference from ignition apparatus of fuel engines cables with high resistance H01B H04B15/04the interference being caused by substantially sinusoidal oscillations, e.g. in a receiver or in a tape-recorder H04B15/06by local oscillators of receivers H04B17/00MonitoringTesting of line transmission systems H04B3/46; arrangements for monitoring or testing transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio waves H04B10/07 H04B17/0082using service channels; using auxiliary channels H04B17/0085using test signal generators H04B17/0087using auxiliary channels or channel simulators H04B17/10of transmitters H04B17/101for measurement of parameters H04B17/102of radiated power at antenna port H04B17/103of reflected power, e.g. return loss H04B17/104of other parameters, e.g. DC offset, delay or propagation times H04B17/11for calibration H04B17/12of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase H04B17/13of power amplifiers, e.g. gain or non-linearity H04B17/14of the whole transmission and reception path, e.g. self-test loop-back H04B17/15Performance testing H04B17/16Test equipment located at the transmitter H04B17/17Detection of non-compliance or faulty performance, e.g. response deviations H04B17/18 takes precedence H04B17/18Monitoring during normal operation H04B17/19Self-testing arrangements H04B17/20of receivers H04B17/21for calibrationfor correcting measurements H04B17/23Indication means, e.g. displays, alarms, audible means H04B17/24with feedback of measurements to the transmitter H04B17/26using historical data, averaging values or statistics H04B17/27for locating or positioning the transmitter H04B17/29Performance testing H04B17/30of propagation channels H04B17/309Measuring or estimating channel quality parameters H04B17/318Received signal strength H04B17/327Received signal code power [RSCP] H04B17/336Signal-to-interference ratio [SIR] or carrier-to-interference ratio [CIR] H04B17/345Interference values H04B17/336 takes precedence H04B17/354Adjacent channel leakage power H04B17/364Delay profiles H04B17/373Predicting channel quality parameters H04B17/382for resource allocation, admission control or handover H04B17/391Modelling the propagation channel H04B17/3911Fading models or fading generators H04B17/3912Simulation models H04B17/3913Predictive models H04B17/40of relay systems H04B17/401with selective localization H04B17/402using different frequencies H04B17/403generated by local oscillators H04B17/404selected by local filters H04B17/405generated by local multipliers, dividers, modulators H04B17/406using coded addresses H04B17/407without selective localization H04B17/408using successive loop-backs H04B17/409by means of resistance, voltage or current measurement H04B2201/00 H04B2201/00Indexing scheme relating to details of transmission systems not covered by a single group of H04B3/00 - H04B13/00 H04B2201/69Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to spread spectrum techniques in general H04B2201/692Cognitive radio H04B2201/694WPAN H04B2201/696relating to Dowlink H04B2201/698relating to Uplink H04B2201/707relating to direct sequence modulation H04B2201/70701featuring pilot assisted reception H04B2201/70702Intercell-related aspects H04B2201/70703using multiple or variable rates H04B2201/70705Rate detection H04B2201/70706with means for reducing the peak-to-average power ratio H04B2201/70707Efficiency-related aspects H04B2201/70709with discontinuous detection H04B2201/7071with dynamic control of receiver resources H04B2201/70711with modular structure H04B2201/70713Reducing computational requirements H04B2201/70714Reducing hardware requirements H04B2201/70715with application-specific features H04B2201/70716Quadrature H04B2201/70718Particular systems or standards H04B2201/70719CDMA2000 H04B2201/7072HDR H04B2201/70722HSDPA/HSUPA H04B2201/70723Multi-carrier HSPA H04B2201/70724UMTS H04B2201/70726Asynchronous CDMA H04B2201/70727using fast Fourier transform H04B2201/70728Frequency aspects H04B2201/7073Direct sequence modulation synchronisation H04B2201/707332D search H04B2201/70736DSA H04B2201/7097Direct sequence modulation interference H04B2201/709709Methods of preventing interference H04B2201/709718Determine interference H04B2201/709727GRAKE type RAKE receivers H04B2201/709736Hybrid interference mitigation schemes H04B2201/709745Iterative interference mitigation schemes H04B2201/709754Blind joint detection H04B2201/709763Joint detection using feedback H04B2201/709772Joint detection using feedforward H04B2201/709781Linear detectors for joint detection H04B2201/70979Fat finger issues in RAKE receivers H04B2201/713Frequency hopping H04B2201/71307Partial band interference H04B2201/71315Wide band interference H04B2201/71323Adaptive systems H04B2201/7133Asymmetric systems H04B2201/71338Asynchronous systems H04B2201/71346Bluetooth H04B2201/71353Fast frequency hopping H04B2201/71361Slow frequency hopping H04B2201/71369OFCHM H04B2201/71376Threshold H04B2201/71384Look-up tables H04B2201/7163Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to impulse radio H04B2201/71632Diversity H04B2201/71634Applied to ranging H04B2201/71636Transmitted reference H04B2201/71638Spectrum issues H04B2203/00Indexing scheme relating to line transmission systems H04B2203/54Aspects of powerline communications not already covered by H04B3/54 and its subgroups H04B2203/5404Methods of transmitting or receiving signals via power distribution lines H04B2203/5408using protocols H04B2203/5412by modofying wave form of the power source H04B2203/5416by adding signals to the wave form of the power source H04B2203/542using zero crossing information H04B2203/5425improving S/N by matching impedance, noise reduction, gain control H04B2203/5429Applications for powerline communications H04B2203/5433Remote metering H04B2203/5437Wired telephone H04B2203/5441Wireless systems or telephone H04B2203/5445Local network H04B2203/545Audio/video application, e.g. interphone H04B2203/5454Adapter and plugs H04B2203/5458Monitor sensorAlarm systems H04B2203/5462Systems for power line communications H04B2203/5466using three phases conductors H04B2203/547via DC power distribution H04B2203/5475adapted for drill or well combined with data transmission H04B2203/5479using repeaters H04B2203/5483using coupling circuits H04B2203/5487cables H04B2203/5491using filtering and bypassing H04B2203/5495having measurements and testing channel H04B2210/00Indexing scheme relating to optical transmission systems H04B2210/003Devices including multiple stages, e.g., multi-stage optical amplifiers or dispersion compensators H04B2210/006Devices for generating or processing an RF signal by optical means H04B2210/07Monitoring an optical transmission system using a supervisory signal OAM for WDM transmission H04J14/0272 H04B2210/071using alarms H04B2210/072using an overhead signal H04B2210/074using a superposed, over-modulated signal H04B2210/075using a pilot tone H04B2210/077using a separate fibre H04B2210/078using a separate wavelength H04B2210/08Shut-down or eye-safety H04B2210/25Distortion or dispersion compensation H04B2210/252after the transmission line, i.e. post-compensation H04B2210/254before the transmission line, i.e. pre-compensation H04B2210/256at the repeater, i.e. repeater compensation H04B2210/258treating each wavelength or wavelength band separately H04B2210/516Optical conversion of optical modulation formats, e.g., from optical ASK to optical PSK H04B2210/517Optical NRZ to RZ conversion, or vice versa H04B2215/00Reducing interference at the transmission system level H04B2215/061Reduction of burst noise, e.g. in TDMA systems H04B2215/062by inhibiting burst transmission H04B2215/063by smoothing the transmission power envelope H04B2215/064Reduction of clock or synthesizer reference frequency harmonics H04B2215/065by changing the frequency of clock or reference frequency H04B2215/066by stopping a clock generator H04B2215/067by modulation dispersion H04B2215/068by avoiding a reception frequency range H04B2215/069Reduction of switch mode power supply ripple