B31BMAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER making wound articles, e.g. wound tubes, B31C; combined making and filling B65BIn this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meaning indicated: "rigid or semi-rigid containers" includes:containers not deformed by, or not taking-up the shape of, their contents;containers adapted to be temporarily deformed to expel their contents;pallets;trays;"flexible containers" includes:containers deformed by, or taking-up the shape of, their contents;containers adapted to be permanently deformed to expel their contents. B31B50/00 B31B50/00Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartonsIn this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups B31B2100/00 – B31B2120/00. B31B50/002Prebreaking B31B50/003Straightening the side walls of boxes; Squaring collapsed folded box blanks; Deforming boxes B31B50/004Closing boxes B31B50/0042the boxes having their opening facing in horizontal direction B31B50/0044the boxes having their opening facing upwardly B31B50/0045the boxes being cylindrical B31B50/005involving a particular layout of the machinery or relative arrangement of its subunits B31B50/006Controlling; Regulating; Measuring; Improving safety B31B50/02Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks or webs B31B50/022Holders for feeding or positioning blanks or webs B31B50/024Rotating holders, e.g. star wheels, drums B31B50/04Feeding sheets or blanks B31B50/042using rolls, belts or chains B31B50/044involving aligning B31B50/046involving changing orientation or changing direction of transport B31B50/06from stacks B31B50/062from the underside of a magazine B31B50/064by being moved in the plane they are lying in B31B50/066from above a magazine B31B50/07by air pressure or suction B31B50/10Feeding or positioning webs B31B50/102using rolls, belts or chains B31B50/104involving aligning B31B50/106involving changing orientation or changing direction of transport B31B50/12by air pressure or suction B31B50/14Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming cutting window openings B31B50/83 B31B50/142using presses or dies B31B50/144using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B50/146using tools mounted on a drum B31B50/16Cutting webs B31B50/18longitudinally B31B50/20Cutting sheets or blanks B31B50/22NotchingTrimming edges of flaps B31B50/25Surface scoring B31B50/252using presses or dies B31B50/254using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B50/256using tools mounted on a drum B31B50/26Folding sheets, blanks or webs B31B50/262involving folding, leading, or trailing flaps of blanks B31B50/28around mandrels, e.g. for forming bottoms B31B50/282involving stripping-off formed boxes from mandrels B31B50/30the mandrels moving B31B50/32in circular paths B31B50/322the mandrels extending radially from the periphery of a drum B31B50/324the mandrels being parallel to the axis of a drum B31B50/326the mandrels extending tangentially to the periphery of a drum B31B50/34about their own axes B31B50/36by continuously feeding the sheets, blanks or webs to stationary members, e.g. plates, ploughs or cores B31B50/38the members being forming-tubes B31B50/40acting internally B31B50/42acting externally B31B50/44by plungers moving through folding dies B31B50/442having several cooperating plungers and dies fitted on a rotating table or on moving chains B31B50/444having several plungers moving in a closed path and cooperating with stationary folding dies B31B50/46and interconnecting side walls B31B50/48by folding or tucking in locking flaps B31B50/50by interengaging tongues and slots B31B50/52by reciprocating or oscillating members, e.g. fingers by plungers moving through folding dies B31B50/44 B31B50/54operating on moving material B31B50/56by rotary members co-operating with blades B31B50/58by moving endless belts or chains B31B50/585by air jets B31B50/59Shaping sheet material under pressure by folding B31B50/26; embossing B31B50/88 B31B50/592using punches or dies B31B50/594Modifying the shape of tubular boxes or of paper bottle necks B31B50/60Uniting opposed surfaces or edgesTaping B31B50/61Uniting opposed edges by injecting thermoplastic material B31B50/62by adhesives B31B50/622Applying glue on already formed boxes B31B50/624Applying glue on blanks B31B50/626Arrangements for permitting the glue to set B31B50/64by applying heat or pressure, e.g. by welding to unite areas where adhesives are applied B31B50/62 B31B50/642using sealing jaws or sealing dies B31B50/644Making seals parallel to the direction of movement, i.e. longitudinal sealing B31B50/645Making seals transversally to the direction of movement B31B50/648using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B50/649using tools mounted on a drum B31B50/66by high-frequency electric heating B31B50/68by stitching, stapling or riveting B31B50/682for closing the bottom flaps of boxes, or for securing bottoms or caps to box bodies B31B50/684for joining the overlapping edges of collapsed blanks to form tubular blanks B31B50/686for attaching hinged covers to boxes B31B50/70by corner stapling B31B50/72by applying and securing strips or sheets B31B50/722on already formed boxes B31B50/724Applying tapes on the corners of set-up boxes, e.g. involving setting-up B31B50/726for uniting meeting edges of collapsed boxes B31B50/73by mechanically interlocking integral parts, e.g. by tongues and slots interconnecting side walls during folding by plungers moving through folding dies B31B50/46 B31B50/732by folding or tucking-in locking flaps B31B50/734interengaging tongues and slots B31B50/74Auxiliary operations B31B50/741Moistening; Drying; Cooling; Heating; Sterilizing B31B50/742Coating; Impregnating; Waterproofing; Decoating B31B50/743Coating or impregnating edges or corners B31B50/745Coating or impregnating formed boxes B31B50/747Coating or impregnating blanks or webs B31B50/75by immersing in a bath B31B50/753by spraying B31B50/756only the interior of the boxes B31B50/76Opening and distending flattened articles B31B50/78Mechanically B31B50/782by pushing the opposite ends of collapsed blanks towards each other B31B50/784for setting up boxes having their opening facing upwardly B31B50/786by introducing opening fingers in the collapsed blanks B31B50/787Rotating fingers; Two or more fingers moving relatively to each other B31B50/788by introducing the blanks into undeformable holders, e.g. on a drum or on chains B31B50/80Pneumatically B31B50/802for setting-up boxes having their opening facing upwardly B31B50/804using two or more suction devices on a rotating element B31B50/81Forming or attaching accessories, e.g. opening devices, closures or tear strings B31B50/811Applying strips, strings, laces or ornamental edgings to formed boxes B31B50/812Applying tabs, patches, strips or strings on blanks or webs B31B50/8121Applying tabs on corners of box blanks B31B50/8122Applying patches B31B50/8123the blanks remaining stationary during application of the patches B31B50/8124the patches being taken out of a magazine B31B50/8125Applying strips or strings, e.g. tear strips or strings B31B50/8126parallel to the direction of movement of the webs or the blanks B31B50/8127perpendicular to the direction of movement of the webs or the blanks B31B50/8128the webs or blanks remaining stationary during application of the strips or strings B31B50/8129the webs or blanks moving during application of the strips or strings B31B50/813obliquely to the direction of movement of the webs or blanks or in an irregular path B31B50/814Applying closure elements to blanks, webs or boxes B31B50/8142Applying button-and-string or washer like closure elements B31B50/8144Applying hook-and-loop-type fasteners B31B50/82Forming or attaching windows B31B50/83Cutting window openings B31B50/84Forming or attaching means for filling or dispensing contents, e.g. valves or spouts B31B50/85Applying patches or flexible valve inserts, e.g. applying film-like valves B31B50/86Forming integral handlesAttaching separate handles B31B50/87Fitting separate handles on boxes, e.g. on drinking cups B31B50/88PrintingEmbossing B31B50/92Delivering B31B50/94singly or in succession B31B50/96in an overlapping arrangement B31B50/98in stacks or bundles B31B50/99using hand tools B31B70/00Making flexible containers, e.g. envelopes or bagsProcesses or apparatus for making both flexible containers and rigid or semi-rigid containers are classified in group B31B50/00.In this group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups B31B2150/00 - B31B2170/00. B31B70/001Shaping, other than by folding, sheet material under pressure B31B70/002using punches or dies B31B70/003Opening or distending bags B31B70/004Closing bags B31B70/005involving a particular layout of the machinery or relative arrangement of its subunits B31B70/006Controlling; Regulating; Measuring; Safety measures B31B70/008Stiffening or reinforcing B31B70/876 takes precedence B31B70/02Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks or webs B31B70/022Holders for feeding or positioning sheets or webs B31B70/024Rotating holders, e.g. star wheels, drums B31B70/04Feeding sheets or blanks B31B70/10Feeding or positioning webs B31B70/14Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming cutting window openings B31B70/83 B31B70/142using presses or dies B31B70/144using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B70/146using tools mounted on a drum B31B70/148Cutting-out portions from the sides of webs or sheets B31B70/16Cutting webs B31B70/18longitudinally B31B70/20Cutting sheets or blanks B31B70/25Surface scoring B31B70/252using presses or dies B31B70/254using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B70/256using tools mounted on a drum B31B70/26Folding sheets, blanks or webs B31B70/261involving transversely folding, i.e. along a line perpendicular to the direction of movement B31B70/262involving longitudinally folding, i.e. along a line parallel to the direction of movement B31B70/266involving gusset-forming B31B70/28around mandrels B31B70/30Moving mandrels B31B70/36by continuously feeding them to stationary members, e.g. plates, ploughs or cores B31B70/44by plungers moving through folding dies B31B70/52by reciprocating or oscillating members other than plungers and dies, e.g. by fingers B31B70/56by rotary members co-operating with blades B31B70/58by moving belts or chains B31B70/60Uniting opposed surfaces or edgesTaping B31B70/61by applying or securing strips or tape B31B70/62by adhesives B31B70/626Arrangements for permitting the glue to set B31B70/628Applying glue on moving webs to form tubular webs B31B70/64by applying heat or pressure to unite areas where adhesives are applied B31B70/62 B31B70/642using sealing jaws or sealing dies B31B70/643on piled sheets, e.g. sealing bags arranged in a pile B31B70/644Making seals parallel to the direction of movement, i.e. longitudinal sealing B31B70/645Making seals transversally to the direction of movement B31B70/648using tools mounted on belts or chains B31B70/649using tools mounted on a drum B31B70/66by high-frequency electric heating B31B70/68by stitching, stapling or riveting B31B70/74Auxiliary operations B31B70/76Moistening; Drying; Cooling; Heating B31B70/79Coating; Impregnating; Waterproofing; Decoating B31B70/81Forming or attaching accessories, e.g. opening devices, closures or tear strings B31B70/812Applying patches, strips or strings on sheets or webs B31B70/8122Applying patches B31B70/8123Applying strips B31B70/813Applying closures B31B70/8131Making bags having interengaging closure elements B31B70/8132Applying the closure elements in the machine direction B31B70/8133Applying the closure elements in the cross direction B31B70/8134Applying strings; Making string-closed bags B31B70/8135the strings being applied in the machine direction B31B70/8136the strings being applied in the cross direction B31B70/8137the ends of the strings being attached to the side edges of the bags B31B70/82Forming or attaching windows B31B70/822by making paper transparent or translucent; by applying transparent melt B31B70/826involving applying window patches B31B70/83Cutting window openings B31B70/84Forming or attaching means for filling or dispensing contents, e.g. valves or spouts B31B70/844Applying rigid valves, spouts, or filling tubes B31B70/85Applying patches or flexible valve inserts, e.g. applying film-like valves B31B70/853Applying valve inserts on tubular webs, e.g. from the inside B31B70/855Forming valves integral with the containers B31B70/857by deforming the bag, e.g. stretching B31B70/859involving turning the bags inside out B31B70/86Forming integral handles or mounting separate handles B31B70/864Mounting separate handles on bags, sheets or webs B31B70/866Applying handles on a moving web followed by longitudinal folding B31B70/868Applying handles on a moving web followed by transverse folding B31B70/87Applying handles on one side of a moving longitudinally folded web, e.g. after cutting a tubular web longitudinally; Applying handles on both sides of a moving web and folding this web longitudinally afterwards B31B70/872Forming integral handles on bags B31B70/874involving punching or cutting B31B70/876involving application of reinforcement strips or patches; involving reinforcements obtained by folding B31B70/88PrintingEmbossing B31B70/92Delivering B31B70/94singly or in succession B31B70/942by winding up B31B70/946the bags being interconnected B31B70/96in an overlapping arrangement B31B70/98in stacks or bundles B31B70/982involving folding of the bags B31B70/984Stacking bags on wicket pins B31B70/986Stacking bags by means of a rotary stacking drum B31B70/988Assembling or block-forming of bags; Loading bags on a mandrel B31B70/99using hand tools B31B2100/00Indexing scheme associated with group B31B50/00, relating to making of rigid or semi-rigid containers B31B2100/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by folding single-piece sheets, blanks or webs B31B2100/002characterised by the shape of the blank from which they are formed B31B2100/0022made from tubular webs or blanks, including by tube or bottom forming operations B31B2100/0024having all side walls attached to the bottom B31B2100/0026having two opposite first side walls attached to the bottom and the other side walls being attached to the first side walls B31B2100/0028made by first folding a sheet to a U-shape, constituting the bottom and two first side walls, after which the two other side walls are formed from these first side walls B31B2105/00Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by assembling separate sheets, blanks or webs B31B2105/001made from laminated webs, e.g. including laminating the webs B31B2105/002Making boxes characterised by the shape of the blanks from which they are formed B31B2105/0022Making boxes from tubular webs or blanks, e.g. with separate bottoms, including tube or bottom forming operations B31B2105/0024Making boxes having all side walls attached to the bottom B31B2105/0025Making boxes by uniting two U-shaped blanks B31B2105/0027Making boxes from blanks consisting of side wall panels integral with a bottom panel and additional side wall panels B31B2110/00Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers B31B2110/10having a cross section of varying size or shape, e.g. conical or pyramidal B31B2110/20having a curved cross section, e.g. circular B31B2110/30having a polygonal cross section B31B2110/35rectangular, e.g. square B31B2110/40without sidewalls B31B2120/00Construction of rigid or semi-rigid containers B31B2120/002having contracted or rolled necks, having shoulders B31B2120/004the bottom of which includes a rim projecting at the edges B31B2120/10provided with covers, e.g. lids B31B2120/102with a hinged cover B31B2120/20provided with two or more compartments B31B2120/25formed by partitions or like inserts not integral with walls B31B2120/30collapsibletemporarily collapsed during manufacturing B31B2120/302collapsible into a flat condition B31B2120/40lined or internally reinforced B31B2120/402by applying a liner to already made boxes, e.g. opening or distending of the liner or the box B31B2120/404using vacuum or pressure means to force the liner against the wall B31B2120/406the lining material being a plunger, a web, a sheet or a bag to be forced into the box, e.g. by using heat B31B2120/407involving forming of the liner before inserting B31B2120/408by folding a sheet or blank around an inner tubular liner B31B2120/50covered or externally reinforced B31B2120/501by applying wrapping material only on the side wall part of a box B31B2120/502having integral corner posts or reinforcements B31B2120/60of drawer-and-shell type B31B2120/70having corrugated or pleated walls B31B2150/00Indexing scheme associated with group B31B70/00, relating to making of flexible containers B31B2150/00Flexible containers made from sheets or blanks, e.g. from flattened tubes B31B2150/001with square or cross bottom B31B2150/0012having their openings facing in the direction of movement B31B2150/0014having their openings facing transversally to the direction of movement B31B2150/0016made from already formed bags B31B2150/002by joining superimposed sheets, e.g. with separate bottom sheets B31B2150/003made from tubular sheets B31B2150/10the longitudinal axes of the containers being parallel to the direction in which the sheets or blanks are fed B31B2150/20the longitudinal axes of the containers being perpendicular to the direction in which the sheets or blanks are fed B31B2155/00Flexible containers made from webs B31B2155/001by folding webs longitudinally B31B2155/0012having their openings facing in the direction of movement B31B2155/0014having their openings facing transversally to the direction of movement B31B2155/002by joining superimposed webs, e.g. with separate bottom webs B31B2155/003starting from tubular webs B31B2160/00Shape of flexible containers B31B2160/10rectangular and flat, i.e. without structural provision for thickness of contents B31B2160/102obtained from essentially rectangular sheets B31B2160/104obtained from rhombus shaped sheets B31B2160/106obtained from sheets cut from larger sheets or webs before finishing the bag forming operations B31B2160/20with structural provision for thickness of contents B31B2160/30pointed or tapered B31B2170/00Construction of flexible containers B31B2170/10interconnected B31B2170/20having multi-layered walls, e.g. laminated or lined B31B2170/202having liners applied in already made bags, e.g. including turning the bags inside out B31B2170/204involving folding a web about an already tubular web B31B2170/30having corrugated or pleated walls B31B2241/00 B31B2241/00Making bags or boxes intended for a specific use B31B2241/001Making bottle carriers B31B2241/002Making egg cartons B31B2241/003Making cigarette boxes B31B2241/005Making paper bottles B31B2241/006Making envelopes holding bar-shaped objects, e.g. cigar holders B31B2241/007Making recording disc envelopes B31B2241/008Making suction cleaner bags B31B2247/00Manual operations for making bags or boxes