B21BROLLING OF METAL auxiliary operations used in connection with metal-working operations covered in B21, see B21C; bending by rolling B21D; manufacture of particular objects, e.g. screws, wheels, rings, barrels, balls, by rolling B21H; pressure welding by means of a rolling mill B23K20/04In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:"rolling" means rolling operations in which plastic deformations occur;"continuous process" means a process employing a mill train designed to have the workpiece enter one pair of rolls before leaving the preceding pair.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B21B1/00 B21B1/00Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section B21B17/00 - B21B23/00 take precedence; with respect to composition of material to be rolled B21B3/00; extending closed shapes of metal bands by simultaneous rolling at two or more zones B21B5/00; metal-rolling stands as units B21B13/00; continuous casting into moulds having walls formed by moving rolls B22D11/06Sequence of operations in milling trainsLayout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of standsSuccession of passes or of sectional pass alternations B21B1/02for rolling heavy work, e.g. ingots, slabs , blooms billets, in which the cross-sectional form is unimportant Rolling combined with forging or pressing B21B2001/022Blooms or billets B21B1/024Forging or pressing forging or pressing devices as units B21B15/0035 B21B1/026Rolling B21B2001/028Slabs B21B1/04in a continuous process B21B1/06in a non-continuous process , e.g. triplet mill, reversing mill B21B1/08for rolling structural sections, i.e. work of special cross-section, e.g. angle steel rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects B21H8/00 B21B1/0805Flat bars, i.e. having a substantially rectangular cross-section B21B2001/081Roughening or texturing surfaces of structural sections, bars, rounds, wire rods B21B1/0815from flat-rolled products, e.g. by longitudinal shearing B21B1/082Piling sections having lateral edges specially adapted for interlocking with each other in order to build a wall B21B1/085Rail sections B21B1/0855Rerolling or processing worn or discarded rail sections B21B1/088H- or I-sections B21B1/0883using forging or pressing devices B21B1/0886using variable-width rolls B21B1/09L-sections B21B1/092T-sections B21B1/095U-or channel sections B21B1/098Z-sections B21B1/10in a single two-high or universal rolling mill stand B21B1/085 - B21B1/098 take precedence B21B1/12in a continuous process , i.e. without reversing stands B21B1/085 - B21B1/098 take precedence B21B1/14in a non-continuous process , i.e. at least one reversing stand B21B1/085 - B21B1/098 take precedence B21B1/16for rolling wire rods, bars, merchant bars, rounds wire or material of like small cross-section B21B1/163Rolling or cold-forming of concrete reinforcement bars or wire reinforcement bars per se E04C5/03; Rolls therefor B21B1/166Rolling wire into sections or flat ribbons B21B1/18in a continuous process B21B1/20in a non-continuous process,(e.g. skew rolling, i.e. planetary cross rolling) B21B1/22for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length B21B1/42 takes precedence B21B2001/221by cold-rolling B21B1/222in a rolling-drawing process; in a multi-pass mill B21B1/224Edge rolling of flat products B21B2001/225by hot-rolling B21B1/227Surface roughening or texturing B21B2001/228skin pass rolling or temper rolling B21B1/24in a continuous or semi-continuous process B21B1/224 takes precedence B21B1/26by hot-rolling , e.g. Steckel hot mill B21B1/265and by compressing or pushing the material in rolling direction B21B1/28by cold-rolling , e.g. Steckel cold mill B21B1/30in a non-continuous process B21B1/224 takes precedence B21B1/32in reversing single stand mills, e.g. with intermediate storage reels for accumulating work B21B1/34by hot-rolling B21B1/36by cold-rolling B21B1/38for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rollingB21B1/40 takes precedence; folding sheets before, or separating layers after, rolling B21B47/00 B21B2001/383Cladded or coated products B21B2001/386Plates B21B1/40for rolling foils which present special problems, e.g. because of thinness B21B1/42for step-by-step or planetary rolling making tubes by pilgrim-step rolling B21B21/00 B21B1/46for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting metal-rolling stands B21B13/22; continuous casting B22D11/00, e.g. into moulds with rolls B22D11/06 B21B1/463in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling B21B1/466in a non-continuous process, i.e. the cast being cut before rolling B21B3/00Rolling materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special rolling methods or sequences Rolling of aluminium, copper, zinc or other non-ferrous metalsaltering special metallurgical properties of alloys, other than structure consolidation or mechanical properties resulting therefrom C21D, C22F B21B2003/001Aluminium or its alloys B21B3/003Rolling non-ferrous metals immediately subsequent to continuous casting, i.e. in-line rolling B21B2003/005Copper or its alloys B21B2003/006Powder metal alloys B21B2003/008Zinc or its alloys B21B3/02Rolling special iron alloys , e.g. stainless steel B21B5/00Extending closed shapes of metal bands by rolling manufacture of circular shapes, e.g. wheel rims, B21H1/06 B21B9/00Measures for carrying out rolling operations under special conditions, e.g. in vacuum or inert atmosphere to prevent oxidation of workSpecial measures for removing fumes from rolling mills B21B11/00Subsidising the rolling process by subjecting rollers or work to vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations B21B13/00Metal-rolling stands, i.e. an assembly composed of a stand frame, rolls, and accessories B21B17/00 - B21B23/00 take precedence; details, component parts, accessories, auxiliary means, procedures in connection with metal rolling, see the relevant groups B21B13/001Convertible or tiltable stands, e.g. from duo to universal stands, from horizontal to vertical stands B21B2013/003Inactive rolling stands B21B13/005Cantilevered roll stands B21B2013/006Multiple strand rolling mills; Mill stands with multiple caliber rolls B21B13/008Skew rolling stands, e.g. for rolling rounds B21B13/02with axes of rolls arranged horizontally B21B2013/021Twin mills B21B13/023the axis of the rolls being other than perpendicular to the direction of movement of the product, e.g. cross-rolling B21B2013/025Quarto, four-high stands B21B2013/026Quinto, five high-stands B21B2013/028Sixto, six-high stands B21B13/04Three-high arrangement B21B13/06with axes of rolls arranged vertically , e.g. edgers B21B13/08with differently-directed roll axes, e.g. for the so-called "universal" rolling process B21B13/10all axes being arranged in one plane B21B13/103for rolling bars, rods or wire B21B2013/106for sections, e.g. beams, rails B21B13/12axes being arranged in different planes B21B13/14having counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load; Back-up rollscounter-pressure devices as such B21B29/00 B21B13/142by axially shifting the rolls, e.g. rolls with tapered ends or with a curved contour for continuously-variable crown CVC B21B13/145Lateral support devices for rolls acting mainly in a direction parallel to the movement of the product B21B13/147Cluster mills, e.g. Sendzimir mills, Rohn mills, i.e. each work roll being supported by two rolls only arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane passing through the working rolls B21B13/16with alternatively operative rolls , e.g. revolver stands, turret mills B21B13/18for step-by-step or planetary rolling; pendulum millsmethods B21B1/42; making tubes by pilgrim-step rolling B21B21/00 B21B13/20for planetary rolling B21B13/22for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting, i.e. in-line rolling of steelmethods therefor B21B1/46; continuous casting B22D11/00, e.g. into moulds with rolls B22D11/06 B21B15/00Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills B21B15/0007Cutting or shearing the product B21B2015/0014transversely to the rolling direction B21B2015/0021in the rolling direction B21B2015/0028Drawing the rolled product B21B15/0035Forging or pressing devices as units B21B15/0042Tool changers B21B15/005Lubricating, cooling or heating means B21B2015/0057Coiling the rolled product B21B2015/0064Uncoiling the rolled product B21B2015/0071Levelling the rolled product B21B2015/0078Extruding the rolled product B21B15/0085Joining ends of material to continuous strip, bar or sheet B21B2015/0092Welding in the rolling direction B21B15/02in which work is subjected to permanent internal twisting, e.g. for producing reinforcement bars for concrete B21B17/00Rolling methods or mills specially designed for making or processing tubes control of tube rolling B21B37/78 B21B17/00Tube-rolling by rollers of which the axes are arranged essentially perpendicular to the axis of the work, e.g. "axial" tube-rolling B21B17/02with mandrel, i.e. the mandrel rod contacts the rolled tube over the rod lengthB21B17/08 takes precedence B21B17/04in a continuous process B21B17/06in a discontinuous process B21B17/08with mandrel having one or more protrusions , i.e. only the mandrel plugs contact the rolled tube; Press-piercing mills B21B17/10in a continuous process B21B17/12in a discontinuous process , e.g. plug-rolling mills B21B17/14without mandrel , e.g. stretch-reducing mills B21B19/00Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work straightening by rollers B21D B21B19/02the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers, Stiefel rotary piercers B21B19/04Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structurePiercing , e.g. rotary piercing mills B21B19/06Rolling hollow basic material, e.g. Assel millsB21B19/04 takes precedence; separating work from mandrel B21C45/00 B21B19/08Enlarging tube diameter B21B19/10Finishing, e.g. smoothing, sizing , reeling B21B19/12the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially parallel to the axis of the work B21B19/14Rolling tubes by means of additional rollers arranged inside the tubes B21B19/16Rolling tubes without additional rollers arranged inside the tubes B21B21/00Pilgrim-step tube-rolling , i.e. pilger mills B21B21/005with reciprocating stand, e.g. driving the stand B21B21/02Rollers therefor B21B21/04Pilgrim-step feeding mechanisms B21B21/06 takes precedence B21B21/045for reciprocating stands B21B21/06Devices for revolving work between the steps B21B21/065for reciprocating stands B21B23/00Tube-rolling not restricted to methods provided for in only one of groups B21B17/00, B21B19/00, B21B21/00, e.g. combined processes planetary tube rolling, auxiliary arrangements, e.g. lubricating, special tube blanks, continuous casting combined with tube rollingB21B25/00 takes precedence B21B2023/005Roughening or texturig surfaces of tubes B21B25/00Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs B21B25/02Guides, supports, or abutments for mandrels, e.g. carriages or steadiersAdjusting devices for mandrels B21B25/04Cooling or lubricating mandrels during operation B21B25/06Interchanging mandrels , fixing plugs on mandrel rods or cooling during interchanging mandrels separating tubes from mandrels B21C45/00 B21B27/00Rolls, roll alloys or roll fabricationshape of working surfaces required by special processes B21B1/00Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use B21B27/005Rolls with a roughened or textured surface; Methods for making same B21B27/02Shape or construction of rolls for rolling metal of indefinite length in repetitive shapes specially designed for the manufacture of particular objects B21H8/02 ; B21B27/005 takes precedence B21B27/021Rolls for sheets or strips B21B2027/022Rolls having tapered ends B21B27/024Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like B21B27/025Skew rolls B21B27/027Vertical rolls B21B27/028Variable-width rolls B21B27/03Sleeved rolls B21B27/028 takes precedence B21B27/032Rolls for sheets or strips B21B27/035Rolls for bars, rods, rounds, tubes, wire or the like B21B27/037Skew rolls B21B27/05with deflectable sleeves B21B27/055with sleeves radially deflectable on a stationary beam by means of hydraulic supports in general F16C13/00; for paper-making machines D21G1/00; regulating devices therefor B21B37/36 B21B27/06Lubricating, cooling or heating rolls B21B27/08internally B21B2027/083cooling internally B21B2027/086heating internally B21B27/10externally B21B2027/103cooling externally B21B27/106Heating the rolls B21B28/00Maintaining rolls or rolling equipment in effective condition lubricating, cooling or heating rolls while in use B21B27/06 B21B28/02Maintaining rolls in effective condition, e.g. reconditioning B21B28/04while in use, e.g. polishing or grinding while the rolls are in their stands B21B29/00Counter-pressure devices acting on rolls to inhibit deflection of same under load, e.g. backing rolls ; Roll bending devices, e.g. hydraulic actuators acting on roll shaft ends control devices responsive to roll bending B21B37/38 B21B31/00Rolling stand structuresMounting, adjusting, or interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames B21B31/02Rolling stand frames or housingsRoll mountings ; Roll chocks B21B2031/021Integral tandem mill housings B21B2031/023Transverse shifting one housing B21B2031/025Shifting the stand in or against the rolling direction B21B2031/026Transverse shifting the stand B21B31/028Prestressing of rolls or roll mountings in stand frames B21B31/04with tie rods in frameless stands, e.g. prestressed tie rods B21B31/06Fastening stands or frames to foundation, e.g. to the sole plate in general F16M B21B31/07Adaptation of roll neck bearings bearings in general F16C B21B2031/072Bearing materials B21B31/074Oil film bearings, e.g. "Morgoil" bearings B21B31/076Cooling; Lubricating roller bearings B21B31/078Sealing devices sealings in general F16J15/00 B21B31/08Interchanging rolls, roll mountings, or stand frames , e.g. using C-hooks; Replacing roll chocks on roll shafts B21B31/10by horizontally displacing , i.e. horizontal roll changing B21B31/103Manipulators or carriages therefor B21B31/106Vertical displacement of rolls or roll chocks during horizontal roll changing B21B31/12by vertically displacing B21B31/14by pivotally displacing B21B31/16Adjusting or positioning rolls control devices B21B37/00 B21B31/18by moving rolls axially B21B31/185and by crossing rolls B21B31/20by moving rolls perpendicularly to roll axis B21B31/203Balancing rolls B21B2031/206Horizontal offset of work rolls B21B31/22mechanically , e.g. by thrust blocks, inserts for removal B21B31/24by screws B21B31/26Adjusting eccentrically-mounted roll bearings B21B31/28by toggle-lever mechanisms B21B31/30by wedges or their equivalent B21B31/32by liquid pressure , e.g. hydromechanical adjusting B21B33/00Safety devices not otherwise provided for safety devices in general F16PBreaker blocksDevices for freeing jammed rolls for handling cobbles; Overload safety devices B21B2033/005Cobble-freeing B21B33/02Preventing fracture of rolls B21B35/00Drives for metal-rolling mills , e.g. hydraulic drives B21B2035/005Hydraulic drive motors B21B35/02for continuously-operating mills B21B35/10, B21B35/12 take precedence B21B35/025for stretch-reducing of tubes B21B35/04each stand having its own motor or motors B21B35/06for non-continuously-operating mills or for single stands B21B35/10, B21B35/12 take precedence B21B35/08for reversing rolling mills B21B35/10Driving arrangements for rolls which have only a low-power driveDriving arrangements for rolls which receive power from the shaft of another roll B21B2035/103Fluid-driven rolls or rollers B21B2035/106Non-driven or idler rolls or rollers B21B35/12Toothed-wheel gearings specially adapted for metal-rolling millsHousings or mountings therefor B21B35/14Couplings, driving spindles, or spindle carriers specially adapted for, or specially arranged in, metal-rolling mills couplings or shafts in general F16 B21B35/141Rigid spindle couplings, e.g. coupling boxes placed on roll necks rigid couplings in general F16D1/00 B21B35/142Yielding spindle couplings; Universal joints for spindles yielding couplings in general F16D3/00 B21B35/143having slidably-interengaging teeth, e.g. gear-type couplings universal joints with the coupling parts having slidably-interengaging teeth, in general, F16D3/18 B21B35/144Wobbler couplings B21B35/145Hooke's joints or the like with each coupling part pivoted with respect to an intermediate member Hooke's joints in general F16D3/26 B21B35/146Tongue and slipper joints tongue and slipper joints in general F16D3/265 B21B35/147Lubrication of spindle couplings B21B35/148Spindle carriers or balancers B21B2035/149Measuring devices for spindles or couplings B21B37/00Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby methods or devices for measuring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills B21B38/00 B21B2037/002Mass flow control B21B37/005Control of time interval or spacing between workpieces B21B37/007Control for preventing or reducing vibration, chatter or chatter marks B21B37/66 takes precedence B21B37/16Control of thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions B21B37/58 takes precedence B21B37/165responsive mainly to the measured thickness of the product B21B37/18Automatic gauge control B21B37/20in tandem mills B21B37/22Lateral spread controlWidth control, e.g. by edge rolling B21B37/24Automatic variation of thickness according to a predetermined programme B21B37/26for obtaining one strip having successive lengths of different constant thickness B21B37/28Control of flatness or profile during rolling of strip, sheets or plates B21B37/30using roll camber control B21B37/32by cooling, heating or lubricating the rolls B21B37/34by hydraulic expansion of the rolls B21B37/36by radial displacement of the roll sleeve on a stationary roll beam by means of hydraulic supports B21B37/38using roll bending B21B37/42 takes precedence B21B37/40using axial shifting of the rolls B21B37/42 takes precedence B21B37/42using a combination of roll bending and axial shifting of the rolls B21B37/44using heating, lubricating or water-spray cooling of the product B21B37/46Roll speed or drive motor control B21B37/52, B21B37/60 take precedence B21B37/48Tension controlCompression control B21B37/50by looper control B21B37/52by drive motor control B21B37/54including coiler drive control, e.g. reversing mills B21B37/56Elongation control B21B37/58Roll-force controlRoll-gap control B21B38/105 takes precedence B21B37/60by control of a motor which drives an adjusting screw B21B37/62by control of a hydraulic adjusting device B21B37/64Mill spring or roll spring compensation systems, e.g. control of prestressed mill stands B21B37/66Roll eccentricity compensation systems B21B37/68Camber or steering control for strip, sheets or plates, e.g. preventing meandering B21B37/70Length control B21B37/56 takes precedence B21B37/72Rear end controlFront end control B21B37/74Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product B21B37/32, B21B37/44 take precedence B21B37/76Cooling control on the run-out table B21B37/78Control of tube rolling B21B38/00Methods or devices for measuring, detecting or monitoring specially adapted for metal-rolling mills, e.g. position detection, inspection of the product control devices or methods B21B37/00 B21B2038/002Measuring axial forces of rolls B21B2038/004Measuring scale thickness B21B38/006for measuring temperature B21B38/008Monitoring or detecting vibration, chatter or chatter marks B21B38/02for measuring flatness or profile of strips B21B38/04for measuring thickness, width, diameter or other transverse dimensions of the product B21B38/06for measuring tension or compression B21B38/08for measuring roll-force B21B38/10for measuring roll-gap, e.g. pass indicators B21B38/105Calibrating or presetting roll-gap B21B38/12for measuring roll camber B21B39/00Arrangements for moving, supporting, or positioning work, or controlling its movement, combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills guiding, conveying, or accumulating easily-flexible work in loops or curves B21B41/00; specially associated with cooling-beds B21B43/00; conveying or transporting in general B65G B21B39/002Piling, unpiling, unscrambling B21B39/004Transverse moving B21B39/006Pinch roll sets B21B39/008Rollers for roller conveyors roller-ways in general B65G13/00, B21B39/00 B21B39/02Feeding or supporting workBraking or tensioning arrangements , e.g. threading arrangements B21B39/04Lifting or lowering work for conveying purposes, e.g. tilting tables arranged immediately in front of or behind the pass turn-over or like manipulating means as such B21B39/20 B21B39/06Pushing or forcing work into pass B21B39/08Braking or tensioning arrangements B21B39/082Bridle devices B21B39/084Looper devices B21B39/086Braking devices B21B39/088Bumpers, stopping devices B21B39/10Arrangement or installation of feeding rollers in rolling stands B21B39/12Arrangement or installation of roller tables in relation to a roll stand B21B39/14Guiding, positioning or aligning work B21B43/12 takes precedence; guides in which work is subjected to permanent internal twisting B21B15/02 B21B39/16immediately before entering or after leaving the pass B21B39/165Guides or guide rollers for rods, bars, rounds, tubes B21B39/28 takes precedence; Aligning guides B21B39/18Switches for directing work in metal-rolling mills or trains B21B39/20Revolving, turning-over, or like manipulation of work, e.g. revolving in trio standsguides in which work is subjected to permanent internal twisting B21B15/02 B21B39/22by tipping, e.g. by lifting one side by levers or wedges B21B39/26, B21B39/28 take precedence B21B39/223Side-guard manipulators B21B39/226Tiltable ingot chairs B21B39/24by tongs or grippers B21B39/26by members, e.g. grooved, engaging opposite sides of the work and moved relatively to each other to revolve the work B21B39/28by means of guide members shaped to revolve the work during its passage B21B39/30by lodging it in a rotating ring manipulator or ring segment manipulator B21B39/32Devices specially adapted for turning sheets B21B39/34Arrangements or constructional combinations specifically designed to perform functions covered by more than one of groups B21B39/02, B21B39/14, B21B39/20 B21B41/00Guiding, conveying, or accumulating easily-flexible work, e.g. wire, sheet metal bands, in loops or curvesLoop lifters B21B41/02Returning work to repeat the pass or passes within the same stand B21B41/04above or underneath the rolling stand or rolls B21B41/06in which the direction of movement of the work is turned through approximately 180 degrees, e.g. repeaters, i.e. from one stand to another B21B41/08without overall change in the general direction of movement of the work B21B41/10Loop deflectors B21B39/084 takes precedence B21B41/12Arrangements of interest only with respect to provision for indicating or controlling operations B21B43/00Cooling beds, whether stationary or movingMeans specially associated with cooling beds, e.g. for braking work or for transferring it to or from the bed conveying means in general B65G B21B43/003Transfer to bed B21B43/006Transfer from bed B21B43/02Cooling beds comprising rakes racks, walking beams or bars B21B43/10 takes precedence B21B43/04Cooling beds comprising rolls or worms B21B43/06Cooling beds comprising carriages B21B43/08 takes precedence B21B43/08Cooling beds comprising revolving drums or recycling chains or discs B21B43/10Cooling beds with other work-shifting elements projecting through the bed B21B43/12Devices for positioning workpieces "flushed", i.e. with all their axial ends arranged in line on cooling beds or on co-operating conveyors , e.g. before cutting B21B45/00Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills B21B15/00, B21B1/227 and B21B27/005 take precedence; technical features of scaling-off devices B21C43/00 B21B45/002Increasing friction between work and working rolls by using friction increasing substance B21B45/004Heating the product B21B2045/006in vacuum or in inert atmosphere B21B45/008Heat shields B21B45/02for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning in particular in combination with forging or pressing devices B21B15/005, control of flatness or profile using lubricating or cooling B21B37/44 B21B45/0203Cooling B21B45/0206Coolants B21B45/0209Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants B21B2045/0212using gaseous coolants B21B45/0215using liquid coolants, e.g. for sections, for tubes B21B45/0218for strips, sheets, or plates B21B45/023, B21B45/0233 take precedence B21B2045/0221for structural sections, e.g. H-beams B21B45/0224for wire, rods, rounds, bars B21B45/023, B21B45/0233 take precedence B21B2045/0227for tubes B21B45/023by immersion in a bath B21B45/0233Spray nozzles, Nozzle headers; Spray systems B21B2045/0236Laying heads for overlapping rings on cooling conveyor B21B45/0239Lubricating B21B45/0242Lubricants B21B45/0245Lubricating devices B21B45/0248using liquid lubricants, e.g. for sections, for tubes B21B45/0251for strips, sheets, or plates B21B2045/0254for structural sections, e.g. H-beams B21B45/0257for wire, rods, rounds, bars B21B2045/026for tubes B21B45/0263using solid lubricants B21B45/0266Measuring or controlling thickness of liquid films B21B45/0269Cleaning B21B45/0272Cleaning compositions B21B45/0275Cleaning devices B21B45/0278removing liquids B21B45/0281removing coolants B21B45/0284removing lubricants B21B45/0287removing solid particles, e.g. dust, rust B21B45/029Liquid recovering devices B21B45/0293Recovering coolants B21B45/0296Recovering lubricants B21B45/04for de-scaling , e.g. by brushing descaling of rod or wire B21C43/04 B21B45/06of strip material B21B45/08 takes precedence B21B45/08hydraulically B21B47/00Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal soaking pits C21D9/70 B21B47/02for folding sheets before rolling B21B47/04for separating layers after rolling B21B99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass B21B2201/00 B21B2201/00Special rolling modes B21B2201/02Austenitic rolling B21B2201/04Ferritic rolling B21B2201/06Thermomechanical rolling B21B2201/08Batch rolling B21B2201/10Endless rolling B21B2201/12Isothermic rolling B21B2201/14Soft reduction B21B2201/16Two-phase or mixed-phase rolling B21B2201/18Vertical rolling pass lines B21B2203/00Equipment codes B21B2203/00Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in combination with rolling mills or rolling methods B21B2203/02Backlash elimination B21B2203/04Brakes B21B2203/06Cassettes B21B2203/08Clutches B21B2203/10Counterweights B21B2203/12Covers or shieldings B21B2203/14Dummy bars or slabs B21B2203/16Eccentrics B21B2203/18Rolls or rollers B21B2203/182Fluid driven rolls or rollers B21B2203/185Reversible rolls for changing grooves B21B2203/187Tilting rolls B21B2203/20Flywheels B21B2203/22Hinged chocks B21B2203/24Hydrostatic bearings or guides B21B2203/26Motors, drives B21B2203/28Mounting or dismounting bearing and chock as a unit B21B2203/30Quick or bayonet couplings B21B2203/32Roll changing stools B21B2203/34Rotational position or alignment B21B2203/36Spacers B21B2203/38Strain gauges B21B2203/40Torsion bars or shafts B21B2203/42Turntables B21B2203/44Vibration dampers B21B2205/00Particular shaped rolled products B21B2205/02Tailored blanks B21B2205/04Taper- or wedge-shaped profiles B21B2261/00Product parameters B21B2261/02Transverse dimensions B21B2261/04Thickness, gauge B21B2261/043Blanks with variable thickness in the rolling direction B21B2261/046Different thickness in width direction B21B2261/05Different constant thicknesses in one rolled product B21B2261/06Width B21B2261/065Blanks with variable width B21B2261/08Diameter B21B2261/10Cross-sectional area B21B2261/12Length B21B2261/14Roughness B21B2261/18Weight B21B2261/20Temperature B21B2261/21Temperature profile B21B2261/22Hardness B21B2263/00Shape of product B21B2263/02Profile, e.g. of plate, hot strip, sections B21B2263/04Flatness B21B2263/06Edge waves B21B2263/08Centre buckles B21B2263/10Lateral spread defects B21B2263/12Dog bone B21B2263/16Alligatoring B21B2263/20End shapefish tailtongue B21B2263/30Shape in top view B21B2265/00Forming parameters B21B2265/02Tension B21B2265/04Front or inlet tension B21B2265/06Interstand tension B21B2265/08Back or outlet tension B21B2265/10Compression, e.g. longitudinal compression B21B2265/12Rolling load or rolling pressureroll force B21B2265/14Reduction rate B21B2265/16Extension B21B2265/18Elongation B21B2265/20Slip B21B2265/22Pass schedule B21B2265/24asymmetric rolling B21B2267/00Roll parameters B21B2267/02Roll dimensions B21B2267/06Roll diameter B21B2267/065Top and bottom roll have different diametersAsymmetrical rolling B21B2267/08Roll eccentricity B21B2267/10Roughness of roll surface B21B2267/12Roll temperature B21B2267/18Roll crownroll profile B21B2267/19Thermal crown B21B2267/20Ground camber or profile B21B2267/22Hydraulic expansion of rolls B21B2267/24Roll wear B21B2267/26Hardness of the roll surface B21B2267/28Elastic moduli of rolls B21B2269/00Roll bending or shifting B21B2269/02Roll bendingvertical bending of rolls B21B2269/04Work roll bending B21B2269/06Intermediate roll bending B21B2269/08Back-up roll bending B21B2269/10Horizontal bending of rolls B21B2269/12Axial shifting the rolls B21B2269/14Work rolls B21B2269/16Intermediate rolls B21B2269/18Back-up rolls B21B2271/00Mill stand parameters B21B2271/02Roll gap, screw-down position, draft position B21B2271/025Tapered roll gap B21B2271/04Screw-down speed, draft speed B21B2271/06Mill spring B21B2273/00Path parameters B21B2273/02Vertical deviation, e.g. slack, looper height B21B2273/04Lateral deviation, meandering, camber of product B21B2273/06Threading B21B2273/08Threading-in or before threading-in B21B2273/10Threading-out or after threading-out B21B2273/12End of product B21B2273/14Front end or leading end B21B2273/16Tail or rear end B21B2273/18Presence of product B21B2273/20Track of product B21B2273/22Aligning on rolling axis, e.g. of roll calibers B21B2273/24Web positioning B21B2275/00Mill drive parameters B21B2275/02Speed B21B2275/04Roll speed B21B2275/05Speed difference between top and bottom rolls B21B2275/06Product speed B21B2275/08Coiler speed B21B2275/10Motor powermotor current B21B2275/12Roll torque