C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES  treatment of materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone C04B14/00, C04B18/00, C04B20/00PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERSIn this subclass, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a compound is classified in the last appropriate placeTreatment by polymerisation onto particle is classified in C08F292/00. Only treatment by already polymerised agents is classified in C09CWhenever in groups C09C1/00 - C09C1/66 the materials consist of a particulate core bearing a coating or any other deposit, classification is done only according to the composition of the core, unless otherwise stated, e.g. C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078Preparations of those materials which are no single chemical compounds comprise those of many ceramic pigments (C09C1/0009), consisting of solid solutions or polycristalline structures, and those defined as composite materials (C09C1/0081)Preparation and treatment steps are not always easy to distinguish from each other, e.g. preparation in the presence of treating agents (by precipitation or calcination), precise reacting conditions, affecting pigmentary effects. It is common practice to include these complex topics in C09C1/00 while avoiding redundancyWhen classifying in this subclass, the indexing codes of subclass C01P are used to identify structural or physical aspects of solid inorganic compoundsThe following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: C09C1/68 covered by C09K3/14In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. C09C1/00 C09C1/00Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers tenebrescent materials C09K9/00; luminescent materials C09K11/00Preparation of carbon black C09C1/0003Compounds of molybdenum C09C1/0015 takes precedence C09C1/0006containing bismuth and vanadium C09C1/0015 takes precedence C09C1/0009Pigments for ceramics C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/0012containing zirconium and silicon C09C1/0015Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatingsThe optical properties of the interference pigments are depending on the order of the different layers applied on the substrate in view of their refractive indices; A refractive index < or = 1.8 is considered low, a refractive index >1.8 is considered high; A dye is always an organic, coloured material. An aluminium lake compound would for classification purposes also fall under this definition, as well as any coloured metal chelate or metal complex with organic ligands; An interference pigment can e.g. have a flaky, spherical or ellipsoidal core; A pigment comprising a core consisting of a metal is only considered as an interference pigment if it shows properties typical for interference pigmentsIn groups C09C1/0015 - C09C1/0075 it is desirable to add indexing codes relating to the compositional and structural details chosen from groups C09C2200/00 - C09C2220/20 C09C1/0018uncoated and unlayered plate-like particles C09C1/0021comprising a core coated with only one layer having a high or low refractive index C09C1/0024comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating high and low refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the high refractive index C09C1/0027One layer consisting of at least one sub-stoichiometric inorganic compound C09C1/003comprising at least one light-absorbing layer C09C1/0033consisting of a metal or an alloy C09C1/0036consisting of at least one dye C09C1/0039consisting of at least one coloured inorganic material C09C1/0042Sub-stoichiometric inorganic materials C09C1/0045consisting of a carbonaceous material, e.g. carbon black, graphite, SWNT, MWNT incorporated within an inorganic material C09C1/0048comprising at least one optically active layer with at least one organic material layer, e.g. liquid crystal polymers C09C1/0051comprising a stack of coating layers with alternating low and high refractive indices, wherein the first coating layer on the core surface has the low refractive index C09C1/0054one layer consisting of at least one sub-stoichiometric inorganic compound C09C1/0057comprising at least one light-absorbing layer C09C1/006consisting of a metal or an alloy C09C1/0063consisting of at least one dye C09C1/0066consisting of at least one coloured inorganic material C09C1/0069Sub-stoichiometric inorganic materials C09C1/0072consisting of a carbonaceous material, e.g. carbon black, graphite, SWNT, MWNT incorporated within an inorganic material C09C1/0075comprising at least one optically active layer with at least one organic material layer, e.g. liquid crystal polymers C09C1/0078Pigments consisting of flaky, non-metallic substrates, characterised by a surface-region containing free metal C09C1/0081Composite particulate pigments or fillers, i.e. containing at least two solid phases, except those consisting of coated particles of one compound C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/0084containing titanium dioxide C09C1/0087only containing titanium dioxide and silica or silicate C09C1/009whose phases only contain calcium, magnesium and carbonate ions and may contain hydroxyl ions C09C1/0093whose phases only contain calcium ions, carbonate ions and silicate ions or silica C09C1/0096Compounds of antimony C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/02Compounds of alkaline earth metals or magnesium C09C1/0003, C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence; dolomitic solids C09C1/009 C09C1/021Calcium carbonates C09C1/022Treatment with inorganic compounds C09C1/024Coating C09C1/025Calcium sulfates C09C1/027Barium sulfates C09C1/028Compounds containing only magnesium as metal C09C1/04Compounds of zinc C09C1/0003, C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/043Zinc oxide C09C1/046containing phosphorus C09C1/06Lithopone C09C1/08Zinc chromate C09C1/10Compounds of cadmium C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/12Cadmium sulfoselenide C09C1/14Compounds of lead C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/16White lead C09C1/18Red lead C09C1/20Lead chromate C09C1/22Compounds of iron C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/24Oxides of iron C09C1/245of plate-like shape C09C1/26Iron blues C09C1/28Compounds of silicon C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/30Silicic acidCombinations of treatment steps, characterised by the sequence or the nature of two or more individual steps, are classified in C09C1/309. The individual steps are classified with symbols chosen from groups C09C1/3009 - C09C1/3081. C09C1/3009Physical treatment, e.g. grinding; treatment with ultrasonic vibrations C09C1/3018Grinding C09C1/3027Drying, calcination C09C1/3036Agglomeration, granulation, pelleting C09C1/3045Treatment with inorganic compounds C09C1/3054Coating C09C1/3063Treatment with low-molecular organic compounds C09C1/3072Treatment with macro-molecular organic compounds C09C1/3081Treatment with organo-silicon compounds C09C1/309Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3009 - C09C1/3081 C09C1/32Ultramarine C09C1/34Compounds of chromium C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078, C09C1/08, C09C1/20 take precedence C09C1/343containing silicon or associated with silicon containing material, except when silicon only occurs in a thin coating of the particles C09C1/346Chromium oxides C09C1/36Compounds of titanium C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/3607Titanium dioxideCombinations of treatment steps, characterised by the sequence or the nature of two or more individual steps, are classified in C09C1/3692. The individual steps are classified with symbols chosen from groups C09C1/3615 - C09C1/3684. C09C1/3615Physical treatment, e.g. grinding, treatment with ultrasonic vibrations C09C1/3623Grinding C09C1/363Drying, calcination C09C1/3638Agglomeration, granulation, pelleting C09C1/3646Densifying, degassing, packaging C09C1/3653Treatment with inorganic compounds C09C1/3661Coating C09C1/3669Treatment with low-molecular organic compounds C09C1/3676Treatment with macro-molecular organic compounds C09C1/3684Treatment with organo-silicon compounds C09C1/3692Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C1/3615 - C09C1/3684 C09C1/38Compounds of mercury C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078 take precedence C09C1/40Compounds of aluminium C09C1/0009, C09C1/0015, C09C1/0078, C09C1/32 take precedence C09C1/402Satin white, modifications thereof, e.g. carbonated or silicated; Calcium sulfoaluminates; Mixtures thereof, e.g. with calcium carbonate or kaolin C09C1/405containing combined silica, e.g. mica C09C1/407Aluminium oxides or hydroxides C09C1/42Clays C09C1/44Carbon C09C1/46Graphite C09C1/0015 takes precedence C09C1/48Carbon black C09C1/482Preparation from used rubber products, e.g. tyres recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics B29B17/00 C09C1/485Preparation involving the use of a plasma or of an electric arc C09C1/487Separation; Recovery quenching C09C1/50 - C09C1/54 C09C1/50Furnace black ; Preparation thereof separation or recovery C09C1/487 C09C1/52Channel black ; Preparation thereof separation or recovery C09C1/487 C09C1/54Acetylene blackthermal black ; Preparation thereof separation or recovery C09C1/487 C09C1/56Treatment of carbon black ; Purification C09C1/565comprising an oxidative treatment with oxygen, ozone or oxygenated compounds, e.g. when such treatment occurs in a region of the furnace next to the carbon black generating reaction zone C09C1/58Agglomerating, pelleting, or the like by wet methods C09C1/60Agglomerating, pelleting, or the like by dry methods C09C1/62Metallic pigments or fillers C09C1/0015 takes precedence C09C1/622Comminution, shaping or abrasion of initially uncoated particles, possibly in presence of grinding aids, abrasives or chemical treating or coating agents; Particle solidification from melted or vaporised metal; Classification C09C1/625the particles consisting of zinc or a zinc alloy C09C1/627Copper C09C1/64Aluminium C09C1/642treated with inorganic compounds C09C1/644treated with organic compounds, e.g. polymers C09C1/646concomitant with mechanical comminution, shaping or abrasion of the particles C09C1/648treated with inorganic and organic, e.g. polymeric, compounds C09C1/66Copper alloys, e.g. bronze C09C3/00Treatment in general of inorganic materials, other than fibrous fillers, to enhance their pigmenting or filling properties C09C3/003Flushing C09C3/006Combinations of treatments provided for in groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12When classifying in this group, it is desirable to classify the individual treatment steps with symbols chosen from groups C09C3/04 - C09C3/12. C09C3/04Physical treatment, e.g. grinding, treatment with ultrasonic vibrations C09C3/006 takes precedence C09C3/041Grinding C09C3/043Drying, calcination C09C3/045Agglomeration, granulation, pelleting C09C3/046Densifying, degassing, packaging C09C3/048Treatment with a plasma C09C3/06Treatment with inorganic compounds C09C3/006, C09C3/048 take precedence C09C3/063Coating C09C3/066Treatment or coating resulting in a free metal containing surface-region C09C1/0078 takes precedence C09C3/08Treatment with low-molecular-weight non-polymer organic compounds C09C3/006, C09C3/048 take precedence C09C3/10Treatment with macromolecular organic compounds C09C3/006 takes precedence C09C3/12Treatment with organosilicon compounds C09C3/006 takes precedence C09C2200/00 C09C2200/00Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference coloursWhen indexing codes C09C2200/00 - C09C2220/20 are used, no codes are given for the particle morphology according to the indexing codes C01P2004/10 - C01P2004/42 or C01P2004/80 - C01P2004/88 C09C2200/10Interference pigments characterized by the core material C09C2200/1004the core comprising at least one inorganic oxide, e.g. Al₂O₃, TiO₂ or SiO₂ C09C2200/1008comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to the core material, e.g. core-M or M-core-M C09C2200/1012with a protective coating on the metal layer C09C2200/1016comprising an intermediate layer between the core and a stack of coating layers having alternating refractive indices C09C2200/102the core consisting of glass or silicate material like mica or clays, e.g. kaolin C09C2200/1025comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to core material, e.g. core-M or M-core-M C09C2200/1029with a protective coating on the metallic layer C09C2200/1033comprising an intermediate layer between the core and a stack of coating layers having alternating refractive indices C09C2200/1037the core consisting of an inorganic suboxide or a mixture thereof, e.g. SiOx or TiOx C09C2200/1041comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to core material, e.g. core-M or M-core-M C09C2200/1045with a protective coating on the metallic layer C09C2200/105comprising an intermediate layer between the core and a stack of coating layers having alternating refractive indices C09C2200/1054the core consisting of a metal C09C2200/1058comprising a protective coating on the metallic layer C09C2200/1062the core consisting of an organic compound, e.g. Liquid Crystal Polymers [LCP], Polymers or natural pearl essence C09C2200/1066comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to the core material, e.g. core-M, M-core-M C09C2200/107with a protective coating on the metallic layer C09C2200/1075the core consisting of a mixture of inorganic and organic phases C09C2200/1079comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to the core material, e.g. core-M or M-core-M C09C2200/1083with a protective coating on the metallic layer C09C2200/1087the core consisting of bismuth oxychloride, magnesium fluoride, nitrides, carbides, borides, lead carbonate, barium or calcium sulfate, zinc sulphide, molybdenum disulphide or graphite C09C2200/1091comprising at least one metal layer adjacent to the core material, e.g. core-M or M-core-M C09C2200/1095comprising a protective coating on the metal layer C09C2200/20Interference pigments comprising a layer with a concentration gradient or a gradient of the refractive index C09C2200/202of sub-stoichiometric inorganic compounds C09C2200/205of coloured inorganic materials C09C2200/207of carbonaceous material, e.g. carbon black, graphite or SWNT C09C2200/24Interference pigments comprising a metallic reflector or absorber layer, which is not adjacent to the core C09C2200/30Interference pigments characterised by the thickness of the core or layers thereon or by the total thickness of the final pigment particle C09C2200/301Thickness of the core C09C2200/302Thickness of a layer with high refractive material C09C2200/303Thickness of a layer with low refractive material C09C2200/304Thickness of intermediate layers adjacent to the core, e.g. metallic layers, protective layers, rutilisation enhancing layers or reflective layers C09C2200/305Thickness of intermediate layers within the stack C09C2200/306Thickness of an absorbing layer C09C2200/307Thickness of an outermost protective layer C09C2200/308Total thickness of the pigment particle C09C2200/40Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating C09C2200/401Inorganic protective coating C09C2200/402Organic protective coating C09C2200/403Low molecular weight materials, e.g. fatty acids C09C2200/404comprising additional functional groups, e.g. -NH₂, -C=C- or -SO₃ C09C2200/405High molecular weight materials, e.g. polymers C09C2200/406comprising additional functional groups, e.g. -NH₂, -C=C- or -SO₃ C09C2200/407Organosilicon materials, e.g. silanes, silicones C09C2200/408comprising additional functional groups, e.g. –NH₂, -C=C- or -SO₃ C09C2200/409Mixed inorganic-organic coating C09C2200/50Interference pigments comprising a layer or a core consisting of or comprising discrete particles, e.g. nanometric or submicrometer-sized particles C09C2200/502Metal particles C09C2200/505Inorganic particles, e.g. oxides, nitrides or carbides C09C2200/507Organic particles, e.g. polymers or dyes C09C2210/00Special effects or uses of interference pigments C09C2210/10Optical properties in the IR-range, e.g. camouflage pigments C09C2210/20Optical properties in the UV-range C09C2210/30A layer or the substrate forming a grating C09C2210/40Embossed layers C09C2210/50Fluorescent, luminescent or photoluminescent properties C09C2210/60Interference with laser-light, laser markable pigments C09C2220/00Methods of preparing the interference pigments C09C2220/10Wet methods, e.g. co-precipitation C09C2220/103comprising a drying or calcination step after applying each layer C09C2220/106comprising only a drying or calcination step of the finally coated pigment C09C2220/20PVD, CVD methods or coating in a gas-phase using a fluidized bed