C03BMANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSESThe following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: C03B8/00 covered by C03B19/00, C03B37/00C03B8/02 covered by C03B19/1065, C03B19/12, C03B37/011, C03B37/016C03B8/04 covered by C03B19/106, C03B19/14, C03B37/014In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. C03B1/00Melting the raw material C03B1/00Preparing the batches chemical compositions C03C C03B1/02Compacting the glass batches, e.g. pelletising C03B3/00Charging the melting furnaces C03B3/005using screw feeders C03B3/02combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet C03B3/023Preheating C03B3/026by charging the ingredients into a flame, through a burner or equivalent heating means used to heat the melting furnace C03B5/00Melting in furnacesFurnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture C03B5/005of glass-forming waste materials disposal or transformation of solid waste in general B09B; treatment of radioactive waste G21F9/00 C03B5/02in electric furnaces , e.g. by dielectric heating electric heating in general H05B C03B5/021by induction heating C03B5/023by microwave heating C03B5/025by arc discharge or plasma heating C03B5/027by passing an electric current between electrodes immersed in the glass bath, i.e. by direct resistance heating C03B5/0272Pot furnaces C03B5/0275Shaft furnaces C03B5/0277 takes precedence C03B5/0277Rotary furnaces C03B5/03Tank furnaces C03B5/031Cold top tank furnaces C03B5/033by using resistance heaters above or in the glass bath, i.e. by indirect resistance heating C03B5/0332Tank furnaces C03B5/0334Pot furnaces; Core furnaces C03B5/0336Shaft furnaces C03B5/0338 takes precedence C03B5/0338Rotary furnaces C03B5/04in tank furnaces C03B5/02 takes precedence C03B5/05Discontinuously-working tank furnaces, e.g. day tanks C03B5/06in pot furnaces C03B5/02 takes precedence C03B5/08Glass-melting pots C03B5/10in combined tank furnaces and pots C03B5/02 takes precedence C03B5/12in shaft furnaces C03B5/02 takes precedence C03B5/14in revolving cylindrical furnaces C03B5/02 takes precedence C03B5/16Special features of the melting processAuxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces C03B5/163Electrochemical treatments, e.g. to prevent bubbling or to create bubbles C03B5/1672, C03B5/185 take precedence C03B5/167Means for preventing damage to equipment, e.g. by molten glass, hot gases, batches C03B5/20, C03B5/42 take precedence C03B5/1672Use of materials therefor C03B5/1675Platinum group metals C03B5/1677by use of electrochemically protection means, e.g. passivation of electrodes C03B5/173Apparatus for changing the composition of the molten glass in glass furnaces, e.g. for colouring the molten glass chemical aspects C03C C03B5/18Stirring devicesHomogenisation mixing in general B01F C03B5/182by moving the molten glass along fixed elements, e.g. deflectors, weirs, baffle plates C03B5/183using thermal means, e.g. for creating convection currents C03B5/185Electric means C03B5/187with moving elements C03B5/1875of the screw or pump-action type C03B5/193using gas, e.g. bubblers C03B5/20Bridges, shoes, throats, or other devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch C03B5/202Devices for blowing onto the melt surface, e.g. high momentum burners C03B5/205Mechanical means for skimming or scraping the melt surface C03B5/207Foraminous or mesh screens, e.g. submerged sieves C03B5/225Refining C03B5/18 takes precedence ; Refining agents C03C1/004 C03B5/2252under reduced pressure, e.g. with vacuum refiners C03B5/2255by centrifuging C03B5/2257by thin-layer fining C03B5/23Cooling the molten glass C03B5/18, C03B5/225 take precedence C03B5/235Heating the glass C03B5/02, C03B5/18, C03B5/225 take precedence Devices for withholding dirt, foam, or batch are also classified in C03B5/202 C03B5/2353by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances C03B5/2356Submerged heating, e.g. by using heat pipes, hot gas or submerged combustion burners bubblers C03B5/193 C03B5/237Regenerators or recuperators specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces C03B5/2375Regenerator brick design brick shapes in general F27D1/042; Use of materials therefor; Brick stacking arrangements C03B5/24Automatically regulating the melting process C03B5/245Regulating the melt or batch level, depth or thickness C03B5/26Outlets , e.g. drains, siphonsOverflows , e.g. for supplying the float tank, tweels C03B5/262Drains, i.e. means to dump glass melt or remove unwanted materials C03B5/265Overflows; Lips; Tweels C03B5/267specially adapted for supplying the float tank C03B5/28Siphons C03B5/42Details of construction of furnace walls, e.g. to prevent corrosionUse of materials for furnace walls C03B5/425Preventing corrosion or erosion C03B5/44 takes precedence C03B5/43Use of materials for furnace walls, e.g. fire-bricks C03B5/435Heating arrangements for furnace walls C03B5/44Cooling arrangements for furnace walls C03B7/00Distributors for the molten glassMeans for taking-off charges of molten glassProducing the gob , e.g. controlling the gob shape, weight or delivery tact C03B7/005Controlling, regulating or measuring C03B7/01Means for taking-off charges of molten glass C03B7/08, C03B7/14 - C03B7/22 take precedence C03B7/02Forehearths, i.e. feeder channels C03B7/04Revolving forehearths C03B7/06Means for thermal conditioning or controlling the temperature of the glass C03B7/065by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air C03B7/07Electric means C03B7/08Feeder spouts, e.g. gob feeders C03B7/082Pneumatic feeders C03B7/084Tube mechanisms C03B7/086Plunger mechanisms C03B7/088Outlets, e.g. orifice rings C03B7/09Spout blocks C03B7/092Stirring devicesHomogenisation C03B5/18 takes precedence C03B7/094Means for heating, cooling or insulation C03B7/096for heating C03B7/098electric C03B7/10Cutting-off or severing the glass flow with the aid of knives or scissors or non-contacting cutting means, e.g. a gas jetConstruction of the blades used C03B7/11Construction of the blades C03B7/12Cutting-off or severing a free-hanging glass stream , e.g. by the combination of gravity and surface tension forces C03B7/14Transferring molten glass or gobs to glass blowing or pressing machines C03B7/18 - C03B7/22 take precedence C03B7/16using deflector chutes C03B7/18Suction feeders C03B7/20Scoop feeders C03B7/22Gathering-devices in the form of rods or pipes C03B9/00Shaping of glass manufacture of fibres C03B37/00 C03B9/00Blowing glassProduction of hollow glass articles C03B9/02with the mouthAuxiliary means therefor C03B9/03Blow pipes C03B9/04Making hollow glass articles with feet or projections C03B9/06Making hollow glass articles with double walls, e.g. vacuum flasks C03B9/08Finish-blowing with compressed air of blanks blown with the mouth C03B9/10Blowing glass cylinders for sheet manufacture C03B9/12starting from a ribbon of glassRibbon machines C03B9/13in gob feeder machines C03B9/28, C03B9/29 take precedence C03B9/14in "blow" machines or in "blow-and-blow" machines C03B9/193, C03B9/20 take precedence C03B9/145Details of machines without turn-over moulds C03B9/16in machines with turn-over moulds C03B9/165Details of such machines, e.g. guide funnels, turn-over mechanisms C03B9/18 takes precedence C03B9/18Rotary-table machines C03B9/185having at least two rotary tables C03B9/19having only one rotary table C03B9/193in "press-and-blow" machines C03B9/1932Details of such machines, e.g. plungers or plunger mechanisms for the press-and-blow machine, cooling of plungers C03B9/195 takes precedence C03B9/1934Mechanical displacement means of the plunger C03B9/1936Hydraulic or pneumatic displacement means of the plunger C03B9/1938Electrical means for the displacement of the plunger C03B9/195Rotary-table machines C03B9/1955having at least two rotary tables C03B9/197Construction of the blank mould C03B9/20in "vacuum blowing" or in "vacuum-and-blow" machines C03B9/22Rotary-table machines C03B9/225having at least two rotary tables C03B9/24Construction of the blank mould C03B9/28in machines of the endless-chain type C03B9/12 takes precedence C03B9/29Paste mould machines C03B9/28 takes precedence C03B9/292Details of such machines C03B9/295 takes precedence C03B9/295Rotary-table machines C03B9/2955having at least two rotary tables C03B9/30Details of blowing glass for blowing with the mouth C03B9/02Use of materials for the moulds C03B9/31Blowing laminated glass articles or glass with enclosures, e.g. wires, bubbles C03B9/32Giving special shapes to parts of hollow glass articles C03B9/325Forming screw-threads or lips at the mouth of hollow glass articlesNeck moulds C03B9/33Making hollow glass articles with feet or projectionsMoulds therefor C03B9/335Forming bottoms to blown hollow glass articlesBottom moulds C03B9/34Glass-blowing moulds not otherwise provided for C03B9/342Neck moulds C03B9/325 takes precedence C03B9/344Bottom moulds C03B9/335 takes precedence C03B9/347Construction of the blank or blow mould C03B9/353Mould holders ; Mould opening and closing mechanisms C03B9/3532Mechanisms for holders of half moulds moving by rotation about a common vertical axis C03B9/3535with the half moulds parallel upon opening and closing C03B9/3537Mechanisms for holders of half moulds moving by linear translation C03B9/36Blow headsSupplying, ejecting or controlling the air C03B9/3609Selection or characteristics of the blowing medium, e.g. gas composition, moisture content, cryogenic state C03B9/3618Means for holding or transferring the blow head C03B9/3627Means for general supply or distribution of the air to the blow heads C03B9/3636Manifolds or regulating devices, e.g. valves C03B9/3645Details thereof relating to plungers C03B9/3654Details thereof relating to neck forming C03B9/3663Details thereof relating to internal blowing of the hollow glass C03B9/3672using a tube C03B9/3681Movable tubes C03B9/369Details thereof relating to bottom forming C03B9/38Means for cooling, heating, or insulating glass-blowing machines or for cooling the glass moulded by the machine C03B9/3808Selection or characteristics of the cooling, heating or insulating medium, e.g. gas composition, moisture content, cryogenic state C03B9/3816Means for general supply, distribution or control of the medium to the mould, e.g. sensors, circuits, distribution networks C03B9/3825Details thereof relating to plungers C03B9/3833Details thereof relating to neck moulds C03B9/3841Details thereof relating to direct cooling, heating or insulating of the moulded glass C03B9/385using a tube for cooling or heating the inside, e.g. blowheads C03B9/3858Movable tubes C03B9/3866Details thereof relating to bottom moulds, e.g. baffles C03B9/3875Details thereof relating to the side-wall, body or main part of the moulds C03B9/3883Air delivery thereto, e.g. plenum, piping C03B9/3891Manifolds or regulating devices, e.g. valves, injectors C03B9/40Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass-blowing machines C03B9/403Hydraulic or pneumatic systems C03B9/406Manifolds or regulating devices, e.g. valves C03B9/41Electric or electronic systems in general G05B19/00 C03B9/42Means for fusing, burning-off, or edge-melting combined with glass-blowing machines uniting glass pieces by fusing C03B23/20 C03B9/44Means for discharging combined with glass-blowing machines, e.g. take-outs C03B9/447Means for the removal of glass articles from the blow-mould, e.g. take-outs C03B9/453Means for pushing newly formed glass articles onto a conveyor, e.g. sweep-out mechanismsDead-plate mechanisms C03B9/4535Dead-plate mechanisms C03B9/46Means for cutting the hot glass in glass-blowing machines burning-off C03B9/42 C03B9/48Use of materials for the moulds C03B11/00Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing shaping molten glass by a press-blow process C03B9/00, e.g. C03B9/193; re-forming shaped glass C03B23/00; re-heating the performed glass C03B29/00; transporting the performed or pressed glass during its manufacture C03B35/00 C03B11/005Pressing under special atmospheres, e.g. inert, reactive, vacuum, clean C03B11/02in machines with rotary tables C03B11/04in machines with moulds fed by suction C03B11/05in machines with reciprocating moulds C03B11/06Construction of plunger or mould C03B11/07Suction moulds C03B11/08for making solid articles, e.g. lenses C03B11/082having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces C03B11/084material composition or material properties of press dies therefor C03B11/086of coated dies use of materials as release or lubricating compositions C03B40/02 C03B11/088Flat discs C03B11/10for making hollow or semi-hollow articles C03B11/12Cooling, heating, or insulating the plunger, the mould, or the glass-pressing machine; cooling or heating of the glass in the mouldC03B9/38 takes precedence C03B11/122Heating C03B11/125Cooling C03B11/127of hollow or semi-hollow articles or their moulds C03B11/14Pressing laminated glass articles or glass with metal inserts or enclosures, e.g. wires, bubbles, coloured parts C03B11/16Gearing or controlling mechanisms specially adapted for glass presses C03B13/00Rolling molten glass , i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling re-forming shaped glass by rolling C03B23/004, C03B23/033, C03B23/055 C03B13/01Rolling profiled glass articles , e.g. with I, L, T cross-sectional profiles C03B13/02Rolling non-patterned sheets discontinuously C03B13/04Rolling non-patterned sheets continuously C03B13/06Rolling corrugated sheets , e.g. with undulating waving form C03B13/08Rolling patterned sheets , e.g. sheets having a surface pattern C03B13/10Rolling multi-layer sheets , e.g. sheets having a coloured glass layer C03B13/12Rolling glass with enclosures, e.g. wire, bubbles, fibres, particles or asbestos C03B13/14Rolling other articles , i.e. not covered by C03B13/01 - C03B13/12, e.g. channeled articles, briquette-shaped articles C03B13/16Construction of the glass rollers C03B13/18Auxiliary means for rolling glass, e.g. sheet supports, gripping devices, hand-ladles, means for moving glass pots C03B13/183Receiving tables or roller beds for the rolled plateglass C03B13/186Pot gripping devices C03B15/00Drawing glass upwardly from the melt C03B15/02Drawing glass sheets C03B15/04from the free surface of the melt C03B15/06from a debiteuse C03B15/08by means of bars below the surface of the melt C03B15/10multi-layer glass sheets or glass sheets coated with coloured layers C03B15/12Construction of the annealing tower C03B15/14Drawing tubes, cylinders, or rods from the melt C03B15/16Drawing tubes, cylinders or rods, coated with coloured layers C03B15/18Means for laying-down and conveying combined with the drawing of glass sheets, tubes or rods C03B17/00Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips C03B17/02Forming molten glass coated with coloured layers; Forming molten glass of different compositions or layers; Forming molten glass comprising reinforcements or inserts C03B17/025Tubes or rods C03B17/04Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles C03B17/06Forming glass sheets C03B17/061by lateral drawing or extrusion C03B17/062combined with flowing onto a solid or gaseous support from which the sheet is drawn C03B17/064by the overflow downdraw fusion process; Isopipes therefor C03B17/065Forming profiled, patterned or corrugated sheets C03B17/067combined with thermal conditioning of the sheets C03B17/068Means for providing the drawing force, e.g. traction or draw rollers C03B18/00Shaping glass in contact with the surface of a liquid C03B18/02Forming sheets C03B18/04Changing or regulating the dimensions of the molten glass ribbon C03B18/06using mechanical means, e.g. restrictor bars, edge rollers C03B18/08using gas C03B18/10using electric means C03B18/12Making multilayer, coloured or armoured glass chemical aspects C03C C03B18/14Changing the surface of the glass ribbon, e.g. roughening by chemical methods C03C C03B18/16Construction of the float tankUse of material for the float tankCoating or protection of the tank wall C03B18/18Controlling or regulating the temperature of the float bathComposition or purification of the float bath C03B18/20Composition of the atmosphere above the float bathTreating or purifying the atmosphere above the float bath C03B18/22Controlling or regulating the temperature of the atmosphere above the float tank C03B19/00Other methods of shaping glass manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres or filaments from softened glass, minerals or slags C03B37/00 C03B19/01by progressive fusion or sintering of powdered glass onto a shaping substrate, i.e. accretion , e.g. plasma oxidation deposition making fibre preforms C03B37/01291 C03B19/02by casting molten glass, e.g. injection moulding C03B19/025by injection moulding, e.g. extrusion C03B19/04by centrifuging C03B19/095 takes precedence C03B19/06by sintering, e.g. by cold isostatic pressing of powders and subsequent sintering, by hot pressing of powders, by sintering slurries or dispersions not undergoing a liquid phase reaction C03B19/063by hot-pressing powders C03B19/066for the production of quartz or fused silica articles other processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles C03B20/00 C03B19/08by foaming C03B19/09by fusing powdered glass in a shaping mould C03B19/095by centrifuging, e.g. arc discharge in rotating mould crucibles for crystal pulling in general C30B15/10, C30B35/002 C03B19/10Forming beads C03B19/1005Forming solid beads chemical aspects C03C12/00 C03B19/101by casting molten glass into a mould or onto a wire C03B19/1015by using centrifugal force or by pouring molten glass onto a rotating cutting body, e.g. shredding C03B19/102by blowing a gas onto a stream of molten glass or onto particulate materials, e.g. pulverising C03B19/1025Bead furnaces or burners C03B19/103Fluidised-bed furnaces C03B19/1035by pressing C03B19/104by rolling, e.g. using revolving cylinders, rotating discs, rolls C03B19/1045by bringing hot glass in contact with a liquid, e.g. shattering C03B19/105the liquid being a molten metal or salt C03B19/1055by extruding, e.g. dripping molten glass in a gaseous atmosphere C03B19/106by chemical vapour deposition; by liquid phase reaction C03B19/1065by liquid phase reactions, e.g. by means of a gel phase C03B19/107Forming hollow beads chemical aspects C03C11/002 C03B19/1075by blowing, pressing, centrifuging, rolling or dripping C03B19/108Forming porous, sintered or foamed beads chemical aspects C03C11/00 C03B19/1085by blowing, pressing, centrifuging, rolling or dripping C03B19/109Glass-melting furnaces specially adapted for making beads C03B19/1095Thermal after-treatment of beads, e.g. tempering, crystallisation, annealing C03B19/12by liquid-phase reaction processes C03B19/14by gas- or vapour- phase reaction processes C03B19/1407Deposition reactors therefor C03B19/1415Reactant delivery systems C03B19/1423Reactant deposition burners C03B19/143Plasma vapour deposition C03B19/1438for delivering and depositing additional reactants as liquids or solutions, e.g. solution doping of the article or deposit C03B19/1446Means for after-treatment or catching of worked reactant gases C03B19/1453Thermal after-treatment of the shaped article, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering C03B19/1461for doping the shaped article with flourine C03B19/1469Means for changing or stabilising the shape or form of the shaped article or deposit C03B19/1476Means for heating during or immediately prior to deposition C03B19/1415 takes precedence C03B19/1484Means for supporting, rotating or translating the article being formed C03B19/1492Deposition substrates, e.g. targets C03B20/00Processes specially adapted for the production of quartz or fused silica articles , not otherwise provided for C03B19/01, C03B19/066, C03B19/106, C03B19/12, C03B19/14, C03B37/00 take precedence C03B21/00Severing glass sheets, tubes or rods while still plastic C03B21/02by cutting C03B9/46 takes precedence C03B21/04by punching out C03B21/06by flashing-off, burning-off or fusing C03B9/42 takes precedence C03B23/00Re-forming shaped glass re-forming fibres or filaments C03B37/14 C03B23/0006by drawing C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/0013by pressing C03B21/04, C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18, C03B23/26 take precedence C03B23/002Re-forming the rim portions C03B23/0026by gravity, e.g. sagging C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/0033by centrifuging C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/004by rolling C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/0046Re-forming the rim portions C03B23/0053Hand tools therefor C03B23/006by fusing, e.g. for flame sealing C03B9/42, C03B21/06, C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18, C03B33/08 take precedence C03B23/0066by bending C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/0073by blowing C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/008Vacuum-blowing C03B23/0086Heating devices specially adapted for re-forming shaped glass articles in general, e.g. burners C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/0093Tools and machines specially adapted for re-forming shaped glass articles in general, e.g. chucks C03B23/0086, C03B23/02, C03B23/04, C03B23/18 take precedence C03B23/02Re-forming glass sheets C03B23/023by bending C03B23/0235involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means C03B23/025by gravity C03B23/0252by gravity only, e.g. sagging C03B23/035 takes precedence C03B23/0254in a continuous way, e.g. gravity roll bending C03B23/0256Gravity bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces C03B23/0258Gravity bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means C03B23/027with moulds having at least two upward pivotable mould sections C03B23/03by press-bending between shaping moulds C03B23/0302between opposing full-face shaping moulds C03B23/0305Press-bending accelerated by applying mechanical forces, e.g. inertia, weights or local forces C03B23/0307Press-bending involving applying local or additional heating, cooling or insulating means C03B23/031the glass sheets being in a vertical position C03B23/033 takes precedence C03B23/0315and supported on the lower edge C03B23/033in a continuous way, e.g. roll forming , or press-roll bending C03B23/035using a gas cushion or by changing gas pressure, e.g. by applying vacuum or blowing for supporting the glass while bending C03B23/0352by suction or blowing out for providing the deformation force to bend the glass sheet C03B23/0355by blowing without suction directly on the glass sheet C03B23/0357by suction without blowing, e.g. with vacuum or by venturi effect C03B23/037by drawing C03B23/04Re-forming tubes or rods C03B23/043Heating devices specially adapted for re-forming tubes or rods in general, e.g. burners C03B23/045Tools or apparatus specially adapted for re-forming tubes or rods in general, e.g. glass lathes, chucks C03B23/043 takes precedence C03B23/047by drawing C03B23/091 , C03B37/025 takes precedence C03B23/0473for forming constrictions C03B23/0476onto a forming die, e.g. a mandrel or a wire C03B23/049by pressing C03B21/04 , C03B23/092, C03B23/26 take precedence C03B23/0493in a longitudinal direction, e.g. for upsetting or extrusion C03B23/0496for expanding in a radial way, e.g. by forcing a mandrel through a tube or rod C03B23/051by gravity, e.g. sagging C03B23/093 takes precedence C03B23/053by centrifuging C03B23/094 , C03B37/04 takes precedence C03B23/055by rolling C03B23/095 takes precedence C03B23/057by fusing, e.g. for flame sealing C03B9/42, C03B21/06 C03B23/099 , C03B33/08 take precedence C03B23/06by bending C03B23/096 takes precedence C03B23/065in only one plane, e.g. for making circular neon tubes C03B23/07by blowing, e.g. for making electric bulbs C03B23/097 takes precedence C03B23/073Vacuum-blowing C03B23/076Shrinking the glass tube on to a mandrel C03B23/08to exact dimensions, e.g. calibrating C03B23/09Reshaping the ends, e.g. as grooves, threads or mouths C03B23/091by drawing C03B23/092by pressing C03B23/093by gravity, e.g. sagging C03B23/094by centrifuging C03B23/095by rolling C03B23/096by bending C03B23/097by blowing C03B23/098Vacuum-blowing C03B23/099by fusing, e.g. flame sealing C03B23/11Reshaping by drawing without blowing, in combination with separating, e.g. for making ampoules C03B23/112Apparatus for conveying the tubes or rods in a curved path around a vertical axis through one or more forming stations C03B23/114Devices for feeding tubes or rods to these machines C03B23/116Apparatus for conveying the tubes or rods in a curved path around a horizontal axis through one or more forming stations C03B23/118Apparatus for conveying the tubes or rods in a horizontal or an inclined plane through one or more forming stations C03B23/13Reshaping combined with uniting or heat sealing, e.g. for making vacuum bottles C03B23/18Re-forming and sealing ampoules C03B23/20Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping C03B23/203Uniting glass sheets C03B23/24 takes precedence C03B23/207Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware C03B23/24 takes precedence C03B23/213Joining projections or feet C03B23/217for the production of cathode ray tubes or similarly shaped tubes C03B23/22Uniting glass lenses, e.g. forming bifocal lenses C03B23/24Making hollow glass sheets or bricks C03B23/245Hollow glass sheets C03B23/26Punching reheated glass C03B25/00After-treatment of glass products of fibres C03B37/10 C03B25/00Annealing glass products C03B25/02in a discontinuous way C03B25/025Glass sheets C03B25/04in a continuous way C03B25/06with horizontal displacement of the glass products C03B25/08of glass sheets C03B25/087being in a vertical position C03B25/093being in a horizontal position on a fluid support, e.g. a gas or molten metal C03B25/10with vertical displacement of the glass products C03B25/12of glass sheets C03B27/00Tempering or quenching glass products C03B27/004by bringing the hot glass product in contact with a solid cooling surface, e.g. sand grains C03B27/008by using heat of sublimation of solid particles C03B27/012by heat treatment, e.g. for crystallisationHeat treatment of glass products before tempering by cooling C03B27/008, C03B27/016 take precedence C03B27/016by absorbing heat radiated from the glass product C03B27/02using liquid C03B27/022the liquid being organic, e.g. an oil C03B27/024the liquid being sprayed on the object C03B27/026the liquid being a liquid gas, e.g. a cryogenic liquid, liquid nitrogen C03B27/028the liquid being water-based C03B27/03the liquid being a molten metal or a molten salt C03B27/035the liquid being sprayed on the object C03B27/04using gas C03B27/0404Nozzles, blow heads, blowing units or their arrangements, specially adapted for flat or bent glass sheets C03B27/0408being dismountable C03B27/0413Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae for flat or bent glass sheets C03B27/0417Controlling or regulating for flat or bent glass sheets C03B27/0422for flat or bent glass sheets starting in an horizontal position and ending in a non-horizontal position C03B27/0426for bent glass sheets C03B27/0431the quench unit being adapted to the bend of the sheet C03B27/0435 takes precedence C03B27/0435the quench unit being variably adaptable to the bend of the sheet C03B27/044for flat or bent glass sheets being in a horizontal position C03B27/0442for bent glass sheets C03B27/0445the quench unit being adapted to the bend of the sheet C03B27/0447 takes precedence C03B27/0447the quench unit being variably adaptable to the bend of the sheet C03B27/048on a gas cushion C03B27/052for flat or bent glass sheets being in a vertical position C03B27/0522Nozzles, blow heads, blowing units or their arrangements C03B27/0524being dismountable C03B27/0526Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae C03B27/0528Controlling or regulating C03B27/056supported on the lower edge C03B27/06for glass products other than flat or bent glass plates, e.g. hollow glassware, lenses C03B27/062Nozzles or blow-heads, e.g. tubes C03B27/065Stresses, e.g. patterns, values or formulae C03B27/067Controlling or regulating C03B29/00Reheating glass products for softening or fusing their surfacesFire-polishingFusing of margins C03B29/02in a discontinuous way C03B29/025Glass sheets C03B29/04in a continuous way C03B29/06with horizontal displacement of the products C03B29/08Glass sheets C03B29/10being in a vertical position C03B29/12being in a horizontal position on a fluid support, e.g. a gas or molten metal C03B29/14with vertical displacement of the products C03B29/16Glass sheets C03B31/00Manufacture of rippled or crackled glass C03B32/00Thermal after-treatment of glass products not provided for in groups C03B19/00 , C03B25/00 - C03B31/00 or C03B37/00, e.g. crystallisation, eliminating gas inclusions or other impurities; Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products C03B32/005Hot-pressing vitrified, non-porous, shaped glass products C03B32/02Thermal crystallisation, e.g. for crystallising glass bodies into glass-ceramic articles C03B27/012 takes precedence C03B33/00Severing cooled glass severing glass fibres C03B37/16 C03B33/02Cutting or splitting sheet glass or ribbonsApparatus or machines therefor C03B33/09 takes precedence; glass-cutting tools C03B33/10 C03B33/0207the sheet being in a substantially vertical plane C03B33/0215the ribbon being in a substantially vertical plane C03B33/0222Scoring using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser C03B33/023the sheet or ribbon being in a horizontal position C03B33/0235Ribbons C03B33/027Scoring tool holdersDriving mechanisms therefor C03B33/03Glass cutting tablesApparatus for transporting or handling sheet glass during the cutting or breaking operations C03B33/033Apparatus for opening score lines in glass sheets C03B33/037Controlling or regulating C03B33/04Cutting or splitting in curves, especially for making spectacle lenses C03B33/06Cutting or splitting glass tubes, rods, or hollow products C03B33/09 takes precedence C03B33/07Cutting armoured, multi-layered, coated or laminated, glass products C03B33/072Armoured glass, i.e. comprising reinforcement C03B33/074Glass products comprising an outer layer or surface coating of non-glass material C03B33/076Laminated glass comprising interlayers C03B33/078Polymeric interlayers C03B33/08by fusing , i.e. by melting through the glass C03B33/082using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser C03B33/0855 takes precedence C03B33/085Tubes, rods or hollow products C03B33/0855using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser C03B33/09by thermal shock C03B33/091using at least one focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser beam C03B33/0955 takes precedence C03B33/093using two or more focussed radiation beams C03B33/095Tubes, rods or hollow products C03B33/0955using a focussed radiation beam, e.g. laser C03B33/10Glass-cutting tools, e.g. scoring tools C03B33/102involving a focussed radiation beam, e.g. lasers C03B33/105Details of cutting or scoring means, e.g. tips C03B33/107Wheel design, e.g. materials, construction, shape C03B33/12Hand tools wheel design C03B33/107 C03B33/14specially adapted for cutting tubes, rods, or hollow products for cutting ampoules B67B7/92 C03B35/00Transporting of glass products during their manufacture, e.g. hot glass lenses, prismsconveying systems for fragile sheets, e.g. glass B65G49/06 C03B35/005Transporting hot solid glass products other than sheets or rods, e.g. lenses, prisms, by suction or floatation C03B35/04Transporting of hot hollow or semi-hollow glass products C03B35/26 takes precedence C03B35/06Feeding of hot hollow glass products into annealing or heating kilns C03B35/062using conveyors, e.g. chain- or roller conveyors, dead-plates C03B35/064specially adapted as a lehr loader C03B35/066combined with article distributing means, e.g. pivoting deflectors, arresting fingers, stationary guides C03B35/068by gravitational force, e.g. via chutes C03B35/08using rotary means directly acting on the products C03B35/085Transfer mechanisms of the "endless-chain" type C03B35/10using reciprocating means directly acting on the products, e.g. pushers, stackers C03B35/12by picking-up and depositing C03B35/125Transfer mechanisms of the "rotary" type, e.g. "take-outs", "setting-over" mechanisms C03B35/14Transporting hot glass sheets or ribbons, e.g. by heat-resistant conveyor belts or bands C03B35/142by travelling transporting tables C03B35/145by top-side transfer or supporting devices, e.g. lifting or conveying using suction C03B35/147of the non-contact type C03B35/16by roller conveyors C03B35/161specially adapted for bent sheets or ribbons C03B35/166 takes precedence C03B35/162combined with means for thermal adjustment of the rollers, e.g. cooling C03B35/183 takes precedence C03B35/163Drive means, clutches, gearing or drive speed control means C03B35/164electric or electronicsystems therefor, e.g. for automatic control C03B35/165Supports or couplings for roller ends, e.g. trunions, gudgeons C03B35/166specially adapted for both flat and bent sheets or ribbons C03B35/167specially adapted for removing defect sheets, ribbons or parts thereof C03B35/168Means for cleaning the rollers C03B35/18Construction of the conveyor rollers Materials, coatings or coverings thereof C03B35/181Materials, coatings, loose coverings or sleeves thereof C03B35/182specially adapted for bent sheets or ribbons C03B35/187 takes precedence C03B35/183specially adapted for thermal adjustment of the rollers, e.g. insulating, heating, cooling thereof C03B35/184Cooling C03B35/185having a discontinuous surface for contacting the sheets or ribbons other than cloth or fabric, e.g. having protrusions or depressions, spirally wound cable, projecting discs or tires Disc rollers having a discontinuous surface are also classified in C03B35/189 C03B35/186End caps, end fixtures or roller end shape designs C03B35/187Rollers specially adapted for both flat and bent sheets or ribbons, i.e. rollers of adjustable curvature C03B35/188Rollers specially adapted for supplying a gas, e.g. porous or foraminous rollers with internal air supply C03B35/189Disc rollers Disc rollers having a discontinuous surface are also classified in C03B35/185 C03B35/20by gripping tongs or supporting frames C03B35/202by supporting frames C03B35/145 takes precedence C03B35/205the glass sheets being in a vertical position C03B35/207Construction or design of supporting frames C03B35/22on a fluid support bed, e.g. on molten metal C03B35/24on a gas support bed C03B35/243having a non-planar surface, e.g. curved, for bent sheets C03B35/246Transporting continuous glass ribbons C03B35/26Transporting of glass tubes or rods C03B37/00Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags C03B37/005Manufacture of flakes C03B37/01Manufacture of glass fibres or filaments C03B37/011starting from a liquid phase reaction process, e.g. through a gel phase C03B37/012Manufacture of preforms for drawing fibres or filaments C03B37/01202Means for storing or carrying optical fibre preforms, e.g. containers C03B37/01205starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments C03B37/014 takes precedence C03B37/01208for making preforms of microstructured, photonic crystal or holey optical fibres C03B37/01211by inserting one or more rods or tubes into a tube C03B37/01214for making preforms of multifibres, fibre bundles other than multiple core preforms C03B37/01217for making preforms of polarisation-maintaining optical fibres polarisation-maintaining optical fibres per se G02B6/105 C03B37/0122for making preforms of photonic crystal, microstructured or holey optical fibres C03B37/01222for making preforms of multiple core optical fibres preforms of multifibres C03B37/01214 C03B37/01225Means for changing or stabilising the shape, e.g. diameter, of tubes or rods in general, e.g. collapsing C03B37/01228Removal of preform material C03B37/01251 takes precedence C03B37/01231to form a longitudinal hole, e.g. by drilling C03B37/01234to form longitudinal grooves, e.g. by chamfering C03B37/01237to modify the diameter by heat-polishing, e.g. fire-polishing C03B37/0124Means for reducing the diameter of rods or tubes by drawing, e.g. for preform draw-down C03B37/01242Controlling or regulating the down-draw process C03B37/01245by drawing and collapsing C03B37/01248by collapsing without drawing C03B37/01251Reshaping the ends C03B37/01254by expanding radially, e.g. by forcing a mandrel through or axial pressing a tube or rod C03B37/01257Heating devices therefor C03B37/0126Means for supporting, rotating, translating the rod, tube or preform C03B37/01262Depositing additional preform material as liquids or solutions, e.g. solution doping of preform tubes or rods C03B37/01265starting entirely or partially from molten glass, e.g. by dipping a preform in a melt C03B37/01268by casting C03B37/01271by centrifuging C03B37/01274by extrusion or drawing C03B37/01277by projecting or spraying the melt, e.g. as droplets, on a preform C03B37/0128starting from pulverulent glass C03B37/01282by pressing or sintering, e.g. hot-pressing C03B37/01285by centrifuging C03B37/01288by extrusion, e.g. of glass powder and binder moulding plastics around a core using a cross-head annular extrusion nozzle B29C48/34; extrusion presses in general B30B11/22 C03B37/01291by progressive melting, e.g. melting glass powder during delivery to and adhering the so-formed melt to a target or preform, e.g. the Plasma Oxidation Deposition [POD] process C03B37/01294by delivering pulverulent glass to the deposition target or preform where the powder is progressively melted, e.g. accretion C03B37/01297by melting glass powder in a mould C03B37/014made entirely or partially by chemical means , e.g. vapour phase deposition of bulk porous glass either by outside vapour deposition [OVD], or by outside vapour phase oxidation [OVPO] or by vapour axial deposition [VAD] C03C17/02 takes precedence C03B37/01406Deposition reactors therefor C03B37/01413Reactant delivery systems C03B37/01807 takes precedence; devices therefor in general B01D1/00, B01J4/00 C03B37/0142Reactant deposition burners C03B37/01426Plasma deposition burners or torches C03B37/01433for delivering and depositing additional reactants as liquids or solutions, e.g. for solution doping of the porous glass preform C03B37/0144Means for after-treatment or catching of worked reactant gases C03B37/01846 takes precedence C03B37/01446Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering C03B37/01853 takes precedence C03B37/01453for doping the preform with flourine C03B37/0146Furnaces therefor, e.g. muffle tubes, furnace linings C03B37/01466Means for changing or stabilising the diameter or form of tubes or rods C03B37/01861 takes precedence C03B37/01473Collapsing C03B37/0148Means for heating preforms during or immediately prior to deposition C03B37/0142, C03B37/01876 take precedence C03B37/01486Means for supporting, rotating or translating the preforms being formed, e.g. lathes C03B37/01884 takes precedence C03B37/01493Deposition substrates, e.g. targets, mandrels, start rods or tubes C03B37/016by a liquid phase reaction process, e.g. through a gel phase C03B37/018by glass deposition on a glass substrate, e.g. by inside-, modified-, plasma-, or plasma modified- chemical vapour deposition [ICVD, MCVD, PCVD, PMCVD], i.e. by thin layer coating on the inside or outside of a glass tube or on a glass rodC03B37/016 takes precedence; bulk deposition of porous glass by OVD or VAD C03B37/014 ; surface treatment of glass by coating C03C17/02 C03B37/01807Reactant delivery systems, e.g. reactant deposition burners C03B37/01815Reactant deposition burners or deposition heating means C03B37/01823Plasma deposition burners or heating means C03B37/0183for plasma within a tube substrate C03B37/01838for delivering and depositing additional reactants as liquids or solutions, e.g. for solution doping of the deposited glass C03B37/01846Means for after-treatment or catching of worked reactant gases C03B37/01853Thermal after-treatment of preforms, e.g. dehydrating, consolidating, sintering C03B37/01861Means for changing or stabilising the diameter or form of tubes or rods C03B37/01869Collapsing C03B37/01876Means for heating tubes or rods during or immediately prior to deposition, e.g. electric resistance heaters C03B37/01815 takes precedence C03B37/01884Means for supporting, rotating and translating tubes or rods being formed, e.g. lathes C03B37/01892Deposition substrates, e.g. tubes, mandrels C03B37/02by drawing or extruding, e.g. direct drawing of molten glass from nozzles; Cooling fins therefor C03B37/04 takes precedence; sizing of the fibres C03C25/00 C03B37/0203Cooling non-optical fibres drawn or extruded from bushings, nozzles or orifices C03B37/0206by contacting of the fibres with liquid or mist C03B37/0209by means of a solid heat sink, e.g. cooling fins C03B37/0213by forced gas cooling, i.e. blowing or suction C03B37/0216Solving the problem of disruption of drawn fibre, e.g. breakage, start-up, shut-down procedures C03B37/022from molten glass in which the resultant product consists of different sorts of glass or is characterised by shape, e.g. hollow fibres , undulated fibres, fibres presenting a rough surface C03B37/025 takes precedence C03B37/023Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibres, made by the double crucible technique C03B37/0235Thermal treatment of the fibre during the drawing process, e.g. cooling C03B37/02718 takes precedence; coating C03C25/10 C03B37/025from reheated softened tubes, rods, fibres or filaments , e.g. drawing fibres from preforms draw-down of tubes, rods or preforms to reduced diameter preforms C03B37/0124 C03B37/0253Controlling or regulating for glass fibre manufacture in general C03B37/07 C03B37/0256Drawing hollow fibres C03B37/02781 takes precedence C03B37/026Drawing fibres reinforced with a metal wire or with other non-glass material C03B37/027Fibres composed of different sorts of glass, e.g. glass optical fibresC03B37/0253, C03B37/028 take precedence C03B37/02709Polarisation maintaining fibres, e.g. PM, PANDA, bi-refringent optical fibres C03B37/02718Thermal treatment of the fibre during the drawing process, e.g. cooling coating C03C25/10 C03B37/02727Annealing or re-heating C03B37/02736Means for supporting, rotating or feeding the tubes, rods, fibres or filaments to be drawn, e.g. fibre draw towers, preform alignment, butt-joining preforms or dummy parts during feeding uniting rods or tubes C03B23/207 C03B37/02745Fibres having rotational spin around the central longitudinal axis, e.g. alternating +/- spin to reduce polarisation mode dispersion C03B37/02754Solid fibres drawn from hollow preforms C03B37/02763Fibres having axial variations, e.g. axially varying diameter, material or optical properties rotational spin C03B37/02745 C03B37/02772shaping the preform lower end or bulb, e.g. pre-gobbing, controlling draw bulb shape, or preform draw start-up procedures C03B37/02781Hollow fibres, e.g. holey fibres C03B37/0279Photonic crystal fibres or microstructured optical fibres other than holey optical fibres C03B37/028Drawing fibre bundles, e.g. for making fibre bundles of multifibres , image fibres; drawing multicore or photonic crystal fibres C03B37/027 C03B37/029Furnaces therefor C03B37/03Drawing means, e.g. drawing drums ; Traction or tensioning devices C03B37/032for glass optical fibres C03B37/035having means for deflecting or stripping-off fibres or for removing defective parts C03B37/04by using centrifugal force , e.g. spinning through radial orifices; Construction of the spinner cups therefor bonder application C03C25/00 C03B37/041Transferring molten glass to the spinner C03B37/042starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments C03B37/044for producing fibres of at least two distinct glass compositions, e.g. bi-component fibres conjugated artificial filaments or the like, e.g. with glass fibres, D01F8/00 C03B37/045Construction of the spinner cups C03B37/047Selection of materials for the spinner cups C03B37/048Means for attenuating the spun fibres, e.g. blowers for spinner cups C03B37/05by projecting molten glass on a rotating body having no radial orifices C03B37/055by projecting onto and spinning off the outer surface of the rotating body C03B37/06by blasting or blowing molten glass, e.g. for making staple fibres C03B37/065starting from tubes, rods, fibres or filaments C03B37/07Controlling or regulating C03B37/0253 takes precedence ; controlling or regulating in general G05 C03B37/075Manufacture of non-optical fibres or filaments consisting of different sorts of glass or characterised by shape, e.g. undulated fibres C03B37/022, C03B37/027, C03B37/028 take precedence; light guides G02B6/00 C03B37/0753consisting of different sorts of glass, e.g. bi-component fibres C03B37/0756Hollow fibres C03B37/08Bushings , e.g. construction, bushing reinforcement meansSpinnerettesNozzlesNozzle plates C03B37/0805Manufacturing, repairing, or other treatment of bushings, nozzles or bushing nozzle plates C03B37/081Indirect-melting bushings C03B37/083NozzlesBushing nozzle plates C03B37/095 takes precedence C03B37/085Feeding devices therefor C03B37/09electrically heated C03B37/091Indirect-resistance heating C03B37/092Direct-resistance heating C03B37/095Use of materials therefor C03B37/10Non-chemical treatment surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags C03C25/00 C03B37/12of fibres or filaments during winding up C03B37/14Re-forming fibres or filaments, i.e. changing their shapeC03B37/025 takes precedence C03B37/15with heat application, e.g. for making optical fibres fusion-splicing of light guides G02B6/255; treatment of light guides to shape optical elements G02B6/2835, G02B6/2856 C03B37/16Cutting or severing light guides G02B6/25 C03B40/00Preventing adhesion between glass and glass or between glass and the means used to shape it , hold it or support it C03B40/005Fabrics, felts or loose covers C03B40/02by lubricationUse of materials as release or lubricating compositions C03B40/027Apparatus for applying lubricants to glass shaping moulds or tools C03B40/033Means for preventing adhesion between glass and glass C03B40/04using gas C03B2201/00 C03B2201/00Type of glass produced C03B2201/01Antique glass imitations C03B2201/02Pure silica glass, e.g. pure fused quartz C03B2201/03Impurity concentration specified C03B2201/04Hydroxyl ion (OH) C03B2201/06Doped silica-based glasses C03B2201/07Impurity concentration specified C03B2201/075Hydroxyl ion (OH) C03B2201/08doped with boron or fluorine or other refractive index decreasing dopant C03B2201/10doped with boron C03B2201/14 takes precedence C03B2201/12doped with fluorine C03B2201/14 takes precedence C03B2201/14doped with boron and fluorine C03B2201/20doped with non-metals other than boron or fluorine C03B2201/21doped with molecular hydrogen C03B2201/22doped with deuterium C03B2201/23doped with hydroxyl groups C03B2201/24doped with nitrogen, e.g. silicon oxy-nitride glasses Codes C03B2201/28, C03B2201/31 and C03B2201/32 for the common dopants P, Ge and Al respectively, are only used for features specific to such dopants and not for general cases, such as for increasing the refractive index of silica glass. C03B2201/28doped with phosphorus C03B2201/30doped with metals, e.g. Ga, Sn, Sb, Pb or Bi C03B2201/31doped with germanium C03B2201/32doped with aluminium C03B2201/36 takes precedence C03B2201/34doped with rare earth metals, i.e. with Sc, Y or lanthanides, e.g. for laser-amplifiers C03B2201/36doped with rare earth metals and aluminium, e.g. Er-Al co-doped C03B2201/40doped with transition metals other than rare earth metals, e.g. Zr, Nb, Ta or Zn C03B2201/42doped with titanium C03B2201/50doped with alkali metals C03B2201/54doped with beryllium, magnesium or alkaline earth metals C03B2201/58doped with metals in non-oxide form, e.g. CdSe C03B2201/60Silica-free oxide glasses C03B2201/62containing boron C03B2201/70containing phosphorus C03B2201/78containing germanium C03B2201/80Non-oxide glasses or glass-type compositions C03B2201/82Fluoride glasses, e.g. ZBLAN glass C03B2201/83Ionic or single crystal type, e.g. NaF, LiF, CaF₂ C03B2201/84Halide glasses other than fluoride glasses, i.e. Cl, Br or I glasses, e.g. AgCl-AgBr "glass" C03B2201/86Chalcogenide glasses, i.e. S, Se or Te glasses C03B2201/88Chalcohalide glasses, i.e. containing one or more of S, Se, Te and one or more of F, Cl, Br, I C03B2203/00Fibre product details, e.g. structure, shape C03B2203/02External structure or shape details C03B2203/04Polygonal outer cross-section, e.g. triangular, square C03B2203/06Axial perturbations, e.g. twist, by torsion, undulating, crimped C03B2203/10Internal structure or shape details C03B2203/12Non-circular or non-elliptical cross-section, e.g. planar core C03B2203/14Non-solid, i.e. hollow products, e.g. hollow clad or with core-clad interface C03B2203/16Hollow core C03B2203/18Axial perturbations, e.g. in refractive index or composition C03B2203/19Alternating positive/negative spins or twists C03B2203/20helical C03B2203/22Radial profile of refractive index, composition or softening point C03B2203/222Mismatching viscosities or softening points of glass layers C03B2203/223Matching viscosities or softening points of glass layers C03B2203/224Mismatching coefficients of thermal expansion [CTE] of glass layers C03B2203/225Matching coefficients of thermal expansion [CTE] of glass layers C03B2203/23Double or multiple optical cladding profiles C03B2203/24Single mode [SM or monomode] C03B2203/26Parabolic or graded index [GRIN] core profile C03B2203/28Large core fibres, e.g. with a core diameter greater than 60 micrometers C03B2203/29Segmented core fibres C03B2203/30Polarisation maintaining [PM], i.e. birefringent products, e.g. with elliptical core, by use of stress rods, "PANDA" type fibres C03B2203/302Non-circular core cross-sections C03B2203/31by use of stress-imparting rods, e.g. by insertion C03B2203/32Eccentric core or cladding C03B2203/34Plural core other than bundles, e.g. double core C03B2203/36Dispersion modified fibres, e.g. wavelength or polarisation shifted, flattened or compensating fibres (DSF, DFF, DCF) C03B2203/40Multifibres or fibre bundles, e.g. for making image fibres C03B2203/42Photonic crystal fibres, e.g. fibres using the photonic bandgap PBG effect, microstructured or holey optical fibres C03B2205/00Fibre drawing or extruding details C03B2205/02Upward drawing C03B2205/04Non-vertical drawing C03B2205/06Rotating the fibre fibre about its longitudinal axis C03B2205/07Rotating the preform about its longitudinal axis C03B2205/08Sub-atmospheric pressure applied, e.g. vacuum C03B2205/09to the outside of the preform or fibre C03B2205/10pressurised C03B2205/12Drawing solid optical fibre directly from a hollow preform C03B2205/13from a hollow glass tube containing glass-forming material in particulate form, e.g. to form the core by melting the powder during drawing C03B2205/14comprising collapse of an outer tube onto an inner central solid preform rod C03B2205/16the drawn fibre consisting of circularly symmetric core and clad C03B2205/20Irradiation of the base fibre during drawing to modify waveguide properties C03B2205/30Means for continuous drawing from a preform C03B2205/32Simultaneous drawing of multiple preforms to separate multiple fibres C03B2205/40Monitoring or regulating the draw tension or draw rate C03B2205/42Drawing at high speed, i.e. > 10 m/s C03B2205/44Monotoring or regulating the preform feed rate C03B2205/45Monotoring or regulating the preform neck-down region with respect to position or shape C03B2205/46Monotoring or regulating the preform position with respect to the draw axis C03B2205/47Shaping the preform draw bulb before or during drawing C03B2205/50Cooling the drawn fibre using liquid coolant prior to coating, e.g. indirect cooling via cooling jacket C03B2205/51using liquified or cryogenic gas C03B2205/52by direct contact with liquid coolant, e.g. as spray, mist C03B2205/53by passage through liquid coolant bath C03B2205/54After-treatment to remove coolant attached to cooled fibre C03B2205/55Cooling or annealing the drawn fibre prior to coating using a series of coolers or heaters C03B2205/56Annealing or re-heating the drawn fibre prior to coating C03B2205/57Recovering, recycling or purifying the coolant, e.g. helium C03B2205/60Optical fibre draw furnaces C03B2205/61Recovering, recycling or purifying the inert gas, e.g. helium C03B2205/62Heating means for drawing C03B2205/63Ohmic resistance heaters, e.g. carbon or graphite resistance heaters C03B2205/64Induction furnaces, i.e. HF/RF coil, e.g. of the graphite or zirconia susceptor type C03B2205/66Microwave or similar electromagnetic wave heating, e.g. resonant cavity type C03B2205/67Laser heating C03B2205/68Hot gas, e.g. plasma, flame, burner C03B2205/69Auxiliary thermal treatment immediately prior to drawing, e.g. pre-heaters, laser-assisted resistance heaters C03B2205/70Draw furnace insulation C03B2205/72Controlling or measuring the draw furnace temperature C03B2205/74Means for moving at least a part of the draw furnace, e.g. by rotation or vertical or horizontal movement C03B2205/80Means for sealing the preform entry or upper end of the furnace C03B2205/81using gas C03B2205/82Means for sealing the fibre exit or lower end of the furnace C03B2205/83using gas C03B2205/90Manipulating the gas flow through the furnace other than by use of upper or lower seals, e.g. by modification of the core tube shape or by using baffles C03B2205/91by controlling the furnace gas flow rate into or out of the furnace C03B2205/92using means for gradually reducing the cross-section towards the outlet or around the preform draw end, e.g. tapered C03B2205/96using tangential feed approximately perpendicular to the draw axis C03B2205/98using annular gas inlet distributors C03B2207/00Glass deposition burners C03B2207/02Elongated flat flame or slit-nozzle type C03B2207/04Multi-nested ports C03B2207/06Concentric circular ports C03B2207/08Recessed or protruding ports C03B2207/10Split ports C03B2207/12Nozzle or orifice plates C03B2207/14Tapered or flared nozzles or ports angled to central burner axis C03B2207/16Non-circular ports, e.g. square or oval C03B2207/18Eccentric ports C03B2207/20Specific substances in specified ports, e.g. all gas flows specified C03B2207/22Inert gas details C03B2207/24Multiple flame type, e.g. double-concentric flame C03B2207/26Multiple ports for glass precursor C03B2207/28for different glass precursors, reactants or modifiers C03B2207/30For glass precursor of non-standard type, e.g. solid SiH₃F C03B2207/32Non-halide C03B2207/34Liquid, e.g. mist or aerosol C03B2207/36Fuel or oxidant details, e.g. flow rate, flow rate ratio, fuel additives C03B2207/38Fuel combinations or non-standard fuels, e.g. H₂+CH₄, ethane C03B2207/40Mechanical flame shields C03B2207/42Assembly detailsMaterial or dimensions of burnerManifolds or supports C03B2207/46Comprising performance enhancing means, e.g. electrostatic charge or built-in heater C03B2207/50Multiple burner arrangements C03B2207/52Linear array of like burners C03B2207/54combined with means for heating the deposit, e.g. non-deposition burner C03B2207/60Relationship between burner and deposit, e.g. position C03B2207/62Distance C03B2207/64Angle C03B2207/66Relative motion C03B2207/70Control measures C03B2207/80Feeding the burner or the burner-heated deposition site C03B2207/81Constructional details of the feed line, e.g. heating, insulation, material, manifolds, filters C03B2207/85with vapour generated from liquid glass precursors, e.g. directly by heating the liquid C03B2207/86by bubbling a gas through the liquid C03B2207/87Controlling the temperature C03B2207/88Controlling the pressure C03B2207/89Controlling the liquid level in or supply to the tank C03B2207/90with vapour generated from solid glass precursors, i.e. by sublimation C03B2211/00Heating processes for glass melting in glass melting furnaces C03B2211/20Submerged gas heating C03B2211/22by direct combustion in the melt C03B2211/23using oxygen, i.e. pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air C03B2211/24by direct contact of non-combusting hot gas in the melt C03B2211/25by indirect heating, e.g. with heat pipes C03B2211/30introducing oxygen into the glass melting furnace separately from the fuel C03B2211/40using oxy-fuel burners C03B2211/60oxy-fuel burner construction C03B2211/62flat-flame C03B2211/70Skull melting, i.e. melting or refining in cooled wall crucibles or within solidified glass crust, e.g. in continuous walled vessels C03B2211/71within segmented wall vessels where the molten glass solidifies between and seals the gaps between wall segments C03B2215/00Press-moulding glass C03B2215/02Press-mould materials C03B2215/03defined by material properties or parameters, e.g. relative CTE of mould parts C03B2215/05Press-mould die materials C03B2215/06Metals or alloys C03B2215/07Ceramic or cermets C03B2215/08Coated press-mould dies C03B2215/10Die base materials C03B2215/11Metals C03B2215/12Ceramics or cermets, e.g. cemented WC, Al₂O₃ or TiC C03B2215/14Die top coat materials, e.g. materials for the glass-contacting layers C03B2215/16Metals or alloys, e.g. Ni-P, Ni-B, amorphous metals C03B2215/17comprising one or more of the noble meals, i.e. Ag, Au, platinum group metals C03B2215/20Oxide ceramics C03B2215/22Non-oxide ceramics carbon C03B2215/24 C03B2215/24Carbon, e.g. diamond, graphite, amorphous carbon C03B2215/26Mixtures of materials covered by more than one of the groups C03B2215/16 - C03B2215/24, e.g. C-SiC, Cr-Cr₂O₃, SIALON C03B2215/30Intermediate layers, e.g. graded zone of base/top material C03B2215/31Two or more distinct intermediate layers or zones C03B2215/32of metallic or silicon material C03B2215/34of ceramic or cermet material, e.g. diamond-like carbon C03B2215/38Mixed or graded material layers or zones C03B2215/40Product characteristics C03B2215/404Products with identification marks C03B2215/406Products comprising at least two different glasses C03B2215/41Profiled surfaces C03B2215/412fine structured, e.g. fresnel lenses, prismatic reflectors, other sharp-edged surface profiles C03B2215/413optical fibre alignment, fixing or connecting members having V-grooves C03B2215/414Arrays of products, e.g. lenses C03B2215/44Flat, parallel-faced disc or plate products C03B2215/45Ring or doughnut disc products or their preforms C03B2215/46Lenses, e.g. bi-convex C03B2215/47Bi-concave C03B2215/48Convex-concave C03B2215/49Complex forms not covered by groups C03B2215/47 or C03B2215/48 C03B2215/50Structural details of the press-mould assembly C03B2215/60Aligning press die axes C03B2215/61Positioning the glass to be pressed with respect to the press dies or press axis C03B2215/62Vibration-assisted pressing C03B2215/63Pressing between porous dies supplied with gas, i.e. contactless pressing C03B2215/64Spinning, centrifuging or using g-force to distribute the glass C03B2215/65Means for releasing gas trapped between glass and press die C03B2215/66Means for providing special atmospheres, e.g. reduced pressure, inert gas, reducing gas, clean room C03B2215/67Pressing between dies rotating about the press axis C03B2215/68Means for parting the die from the pressed glass other than by cooling or use of a take-out C03B2215/69Controlling the pressure applied to the glass via the dies C03B2215/70Horizontal or inclined press axis C03B2215/71Injecting molten glass into the mould cavity C03B2215/72Barrel presses or equivalent, e.g. of the ring mould type C03B2215/73with means to allow glass overflow in a direction perpendicular to the press axis C03B2215/74with means to trim off excess material C03B2215/76Pressing whereby some glass overflows unrestrained beyond the press mould in a direction perpendicular to the press axis C03B2215/77with means to trim off excess material C03B2215/78Pressing together along two or more perpendicular axes C03B2215/79Uniting product and product holder during pressing, e.g. lens and lens holder C03B2215/80Simultaneous pressing of multiple productsMultiple parallel moulds C03B2215/86Linear series of multiple press moulds C03B2215/87with change of transportation direction in the horizontal plane, e.g. rectangular or "U" shape serial transport C03B2225/00Transporting hot glass sheets during their manufacture C03B2225/02Means for positioning, aligning or orientating the sheets during their travel, e.g. stops