F27DDETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE combustion apparatus F23Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class F27 and the Note III following the Contents of Section H.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. F27D1/00 F27D1/00CasingsLiningsWallsRoofs refractory materials C04B; firebridges for combustion chambers F23M3/00 F27D1/0003Linings or wallsnot used, see subgroups F27D1/0006Linings or walls formed from bricks or layers with a particular composition or specific characteristics F27D1/0009Comprising ceramic fibre elements F27D1/0013the fibre elements being in the form of a folded blanket or a juxtaposition of folded blankets F27D1/0016Interleaved multiple folded blankets F27D1/002the fibre elements being composed of adjacent separate strips F27D1/0023Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows F27D1/0026the expansion joint being a resilient element, e.g. a metallic plate between two bricks F27D1/003Linings or walls comprising porous bricks F27D1/0033Linings or walls comprising heat shields, e.g. heat shieldsd shields protecting the charge F27D5/00 F27D1/0036Linings or walls comprising means for supporting electric resistances in the furnace F27D1/004Linings or walls comprising means for securing bricks F27D1/0043Floors, hearths F27D2001/0046Means to facilitate repair or replacement or prevent quick wearing repairing linings F27D1/16 F27D2001/005Removable part or structure with replaceable elements F27D2001/0053Furnace constructed in modules tunnel furnaces with add-on modules F27B9/029 F27D2001/0056Aspects of construction intended to prevent wear F27D2001/0059Construction elements of a furnace F27D2001/0063Means to strengthen a part F27D2001/0066Movable or removable parts removable parts for replacement because of wearing F27D2001/005 F27D2001/0069Means to prevent heat conduction heat shields F27D1/0033 F27D2001/0073Surrounding protection around the furnace, e.g. covers, circulation of gas F27D2001/0076comprising a corrugated sheet F27D2001/0079Means to assemble at least two parts of a furnace or of any device or accessory associated to its use assembling elements for linings parts F27D1/145 F27D2001/0083Means to assemble a moving part to a fixed one movements due to thermal expansion F27D1/0003; movements of the cover F27D1/18; movements of the container or of the support of the charge F27D2003/0085 F27D2001/0086the moving part being in rotation F27D2001/0089the moving part being in translation F27D2001/0093the moving part being hinged to the fixed one F27D2001/0096the moving part staying in the same plane F27D1/02CrownsRoofs F27D1/021Suspended roofs F27D1/022Parts thereof, e.g. noses, arches F27D1/024having an anchored layer of lining F27D1/025Roofs supported around their periphery, e.g. arched roofs F27D1/027Skew backs F27D1/028Means to prevent deformation of the arch F27D1/04characterised by the form , e.g. shape of the bricks or blocks used F27D1/042Bricks shaped for use in regenerators F27D1/045Bricks for lining cylindrical bodies, e.g. skids, tubes F27D2001/047Lining of cylindrical vessels F27D1/06Composite bricks or blocks , e.g. panels, modules F27D1/063Individual composite bricks or blocks F27D1/066Individual composite bricks or blocks made from hollow bricks filled up with another material F27D1/08Bricks or blocks with internal reinforcement or metal backing F27D1/10Monolithic liningsSupports thereforsupports are classified in F27D1/14 F27D1/12incorporating cooling arrangements constructions of tube assemblies in general F28 F27D1/14Supports for linings F27D1/10 takes precedence F27D1/141Anchors therefor F27D1/142Anchors made from ceramic material F27D1/144Supports for ceramic fibre materials F27D1/145Assembling elements F27D1/147for bricks F27D1/148Means to suspend bricks F27D1/16Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings F27D2001/1605Repairing linings F27D2001/161Hot repair F27D2001/1615through a hole in the casing, e.g. injecting refractory from outside the vessel F27D1/1621Making linings by using shaped elements, e.g. bricks F27D1/1626Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall F27D2001/1631using an expandable core F27D1/1636Repairing linings by projecting or spraying refractory materials on the lining F27D1/1642using a gunning apparatus F27D1/1647the projected materials being partly melted, e.g. by exothermic reactions of metals (Al, Si) with oxygen F27D1/1652Flame guniting; Use of a fuel F27D2001/1657Solid fuel F27D2001/1663Fluid fuel, e.g. gas F27D1/1668Plasma guniting F27D1/1673applied centrifugally F27D1/1678Increasing the durability of linings; Means for protecting F27D1/1684by a special coating applied to the lining F27D2001/1689obtained from materials added to the melt F27D1/1694Breaking away the lining or removing parts thereof F27D1/18Door framesDoors, lids, removable covers F27D1/1808Removable covers F27D1/1816Removable covers specially adapted for arc furnaces F27D2001/1825Means for moving the cover F27D2001/1833comprising a screw mechanism F27D2001/1841comprising means for rotating or moving the cover in a horizontal or quasi horizontal plane F27D2001/185comprising means for tilting the cover F27D1/1858Doors F27D1/1866Door-frames F27D2001/1875Hanging doors and walls movable partitions F27D2099/0071 F27D2001/1883Hanging curtains F27D2001/1891Doors for separating two chambers in the furnace F27D3/00ChargingDischargingManipulation of charge moving charge through a furnace F27B9/14 F27D2003/0001Positioning the charge F27D2003/0002involving positioning devices, e.g. buffers, buffer zones involving sensors F27D2019/0071; involving sequence controllers F27D2019/0059; involving spacers F27M2002/016 F27D2003/0003involving a system for aligning the articles through a lateral guidance, e.g. funnel F27D2003/0004involving devices for measuring the article, the stack of articles or the height of the furnace passage or for adjusting the height of the passage to the charge or for putting the articles in the same position F27D2003/0006Particulate materials F27D2003/0007Circular distribution F27D2003/0008Longitudinal distribution F27D2003/0009Separation of different types of fines, e.g. by a blower F27D2003/001Series of dispensers or separation in teo or more parts F27D2003/0012Working with piles F27D2003/0013Unstacking or making stacks F27D2003/0014involving the use of magazines F27D2003/0015the magazine being vertical F27D2003/0016the magazine being a rotary device F27D2003/0018comprising means to introduce or extract the charge in series of separate containers or zones F27D2003/0019simultaneously F27D2003/002Transforming a single row in a multiple row F27D3/0021of ceramic ware F27D3/0022Disposition of the charge F27D3/0024of metallic workpieces F27D3/0025Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state F27D3/0026Introducing additives into the melt F27D3/0027Charging vertically with corbs F27D3/0028Corbs F27D3/003Charging laterally, e.g. with a charging box F27D3/0031Charging with tiltable dumpers F27D3/0032using an air-lock F27D3/0033charging of particulate material F27D2003/0034Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities F27D2003/0036comprising inflatable or extendable parts F27D2003/0037comprising friction surfaces F27D2003/0038comprising shakers F27D2003/0039comprising magnetic means F27D2003/004Magnetic lifters F27D2003/0042comprising roller trains F27D2003/0043at least one of them being driven separately F27D2003/0044at least one of them being removable F27D2003/0045Use of rollable bodies, e.g. balls F27D2003/0046comprising one or more movable arms, e.g. forks F27D2003/0048Walking beams F27D2003/0049comprising eccentrics or lever arms F27D2003/005comprising ramps F27D2003/0051comprising means to pick up the charge and put it down F27D2003/0053comprising a device for charging with the doors closed F27D2003/0054Means to move molten metal, e.g. electromagnetic pump F27D2003/0055with flow regulation F27D2003/0056through a syphon in a vacuum chamber, e.g. involving aspiration or pressure on the bath F27D2003/0057Fast-outlet or inlet means F27D2003/0059comprising tracks, e.g. rails and wagon F27D2003/006with a return track F27D2003/0061with means for changing track F27D2003/0062using devices for tilting or rocking the charge F27D2003/0063comprising endless belts F27D2003/0065Lifts, e.g. containing the bucket elevators F27D2003/0066comprising scrapers or systems to pull out F27D2003/0067comprising conveyors where the translation is communicated by friction from at least one rotating element, e.g. two opposed rotations combined F27D2003/0068comprising clamps or tongs F27D2003/0069the device being suspended, e.g. from a crane F27D2003/0071Use of a comminuting device, e.g. grinding mill F27D2003/0072Use of a pinion and a rack F27D2003/0073the charge floating on a liquid, e.g. water F27D2003/0074floating on water F27D2003/0075Charging or discharging vertically, e.g. through a bottom opening F27D2003/0077Use of centrifugal devices F27D2003/0078comprising jacks, e.g. hydraulic jacks F27D2003/0079Use of cams F27D2003/008comprising cross-beams or gantry cranes F27D2003/0081Series of little rams F27D2003/0083Means for stirring the charge F27D3/0084Charging; Manipulation of SC or SC wafers F27D2003/0085Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities F27D2003/0086Up or down F27D2003/0087Rotation about a vertical axis F27D2003/0089Rotation about a horizontal or slightly inclined axis F27D2003/009Oscillations about a horizontal axis; Rocking F27D2003/0091Horizontally F27D2003/0092with a reciprocating movement F27D2003/0093Movement on a slope F27D2003/0095the advancement being step by step F27D2003/0096Advancement along the longitudinal axis of the workpiece F27D2003/0097Advancement along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece F27D2003/0098Workpiece rolling on its support F27D3/02Skids or tracks for heavy objects F27D3/022Skids F27D3/024Details of skids, e.g. riders F27D3/026transport or conveyor rolls for furnaces; roller rails conveyor rolls in general B65G F27D3/028Roller rails or succession of small sized rollers F27D3/04Ram or pusher apparatus F27D2003/045used to pull the charge F27D3/06Charging or discharging machines on travelling carriages F27D3/08Screw feedersScrew dischargers F27D3/10Charging directly from hoppers or shoots F27D2003/105using shutters F27D3/12Travelling or movable supports or containers for the charge F27D2003/121Band, belt or mesh F27D2003/122Band made from longitudinal wires or bars F27D3/123Furnace cars F27D2003/124Sleds; Transport supports F27D2003/125Charging cars, lift trolleys F27D2003/126with long arms, charging forks F27D2003/127for carrying pots slag pots F27D2099/0095 F27D2003/128for carrying stacks of articles, e.g. bricks F27D3/14Charging or discharging liquid or molten material F27D3/145Runners therefor F27D3/15Tapping equipmentEquipment for removing or retaining slag F27D3/1509Tapping equipment F27D3/1518Tapholes F27D3/1527Taphole forming equipment, e.g. boring machines, piercing tools F27D3/1536Devices for plugging tap holes, e.g. plugs stoppers the devices fixed permanently to the melt container are classified in F27D3/1509 F27D3/1545Equipment for removing or retaining slag F27D3/1554for removing the slag from the surface of the melt F27D3/1563by the use of scrapers F27D3/1572by suction F27D3/1581by the use of blowers F27D3/159for retaining slag during the pouring of the metal or retaining metal during the pouring of the slag F27D3/16Introducing a fluid jet or current into the charge porous elements for gas flushing of molten metals B22D1/005 F27D2003/161through a porous element F27D2003/162the fluid being an oxidant or a fuel F27D2003/163the fluid being an oxidant F27D2003/164Oxygen F27D2003/165the fluid being a fuel F27D2003/166the fluid being a treatment gas F27D2003/167the fluid being a neutral gas F27D2003/168through a lance F27D2003/169Construction of the lance, e.g. lances for injecting particles F27D3/18Charging particulate material using a fluid carrier F27D2003/185Conveying particles in a conduct using a fluid F27D5/00Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace travelling or movable supports F27D3/12 F27D5/0006Composite supporting structures F27D5/0012Modules of the sagger or setter type; Supports built up from them F27D5/0018Separating elements F27D5/0025assembled to present a three-point support F27D5/0031Treatment baskets for ceramic articles for metallic articles C21D9/0025 F27D5/0037Supports specially adapted for semi-conductors F27D5/0043Supports specially adapted for dental prosthesis F27D5/005Supports specially adapted for holding elongated articles in an upright position, e.g. sparking plugs F27D5/0056Hangers F27D5/0062Shields for the charge shields for the lining F27D1/0033 F27D5/0068Containers F27D2005/0075Pots, e.g. slag pots, ladles F27D2005/0081Details F27D2005/0087Means to prevent the adherence of the charge F27D2005/0093Means to maintain the form of the article F27D7/00Forming, maintaining, or circulating atmospheres in heating chambers F27D7/02Supplying steam, vapour, gases, or liquids F27D2007/023Conduits F27D2007/026Dampers registers for granular flows F27D2099/0071 F27D7/04Circulating atmospheres by mechanical means F27D2007/045Fans F27D7/06Forming or maintaining special atmospheres or vacuum within heating chambers F27D7/02 takes precedence F27D2007/063Special atmospheres, e.g. high pressure atmospheres F27D2007/066Vacuum F27D9/00Cooling of furnaces or of charges therein F27D1/00, F27D3/00 take precedence F27D2009/0002Cooling of furnaces F27D2009/0005the cooling medium being a gas F27D2009/0008Ways to inject gases against surfaces F27D2009/001the cooling medium being a fluid other than a gas F27D2009/0013the fluid being water F27D2009/0016Water-spray F27D2009/0018the cooling medium passing through a pattern of tubes F27D2009/0021with the parallel tube parts close to each other, e.g. a serpentine F27D2009/0024with contiguous tubes, which may be separately welded one to the other F27D2009/0027linked by elements F27D2009/0029fixed, e.g. welded to a supporting surface F27D2009/0032integrated with refractories in a panel F27D2009/0035arranged for the covering of a cylindrical surface F27D2009/0037the cooling medium passing a radiator F27D2009/004the cooling medium passing a waterbox F27D2009/0043Insert type waterbox, e.g. cylindrical or flat type F27D2009/0045the cooling medium passing a block, e.g. metallic F27D2009/0048incorporating conduits for the medium F27D2009/0051comprising use of studs to transfer heat or retain the liner F27D2009/0054adapted to retain formed bricks F27D2009/0056Use of high thermoconductive elements F27D2009/0059made mostly from graphite F27D2009/0062made from copper or copper alloy F27D2009/0064Cooling of furnace arches F27D2009/0067Cooling element inlet and outlet tubes F27D2009/007Cooling of charges therein F27D2009/0072the cooling medium being a gas F27D2009/0075in direct contact with the charge F27D2009/0078in indirect contact with the charge F27D2009/0081the cooling medium being a fluid (other than a gas in direct or indirect contact with the charge) F27D2009/0083the fluid being water F27D2009/0086applied in spray form F27D2009/0089Quenching F27D2009/0091in a fluidised bed of cooling elements F27D2009/0094making use of already cooled material, e.g. forming a layer F27D2009/0097the charge being used as a coolant F27D11/00Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces electric heating per se H05B F27D11/02Ohmic resistance heating F27D11/04with direct passage of current through the material being heated F27D11/06Induction heating, i.e. in which the material being heated, or its container or elements embodied therein, form the secondary of a transformer F27D11/08Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge F27D11/10Disposition of electrodes automatic control of temperature G05D23/00; electric discharge apparatus H01T; arrangements for feeding or guiding electrodes H05B7/10; automatic control of power by positioning of electrodes H05B7/144 F27D11/12with electromagnetic fields acting directly on the material being heated F27D13/00Apparatus for preheating chargesArrangements for preheating charges F27D13/002Preheating scrap preheating of scrap for steel making C21C5/565 F27D13/005Drying of green clay prior to baking F27D2013/007using a rotary furnace F27D15/00Handling or treating discharged materialSupports or receiving chambers therefor F27D15/02Cooling F27D15/0206with means to convey the charge F27D15/0213comprising a cooling grate F27D15/022grate plates F27D2015/0226Support, fixation of the grate F27D2015/0233with gas, e.g. air, supply to the grate F27D2015/024Multiple grates F27D2015/0246Combination of fixed and movable grates F27D2015/0253Gradin grates F27D2015/026Means to discharge the fines F27D15/0266on an endless belt F27D15/0273on a rotary hearth F27D15/028comprising a rotary drum F27D15/0286in a vertical, e.g. annular, shaft shafts including rotating parts F27D15/0273 F27D2015/0293including rotating parts F27D17/00Arrangements for using waste heat heat-exchangers per se F28Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases F27D17/001Extraction of waste gases, collection of fumes and hoods used therefor in general B08B15/00 F27D17/002Details of the installations, e.g. fume conduits or seals F27D17/003of waste gases emanating from an electric arc furnace F27D17/004Systems for reclaiming waste heat F27D2017/005including pyrolising the waste gases F27D2017/006using a boiler F27D2017/007including regenerators F27D17/008cleaning gases F27D2017/009Cyclone for separating fines from gas F27D19/00Arrangements of controlling devices F27D2019/0003Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value F27D2019/0006Monitoring the characteristics (composition, quantities, temperature, pressure) of at least one of the gases of the kiln atmosphere and using it as a controlling value F27D2019/0009Monitoring the pressure in an enclosure or kiln zone F27D2019/0012Monitoring the composition of the atmosphere or of one of their components F27D2019/0015Monitoring the composition of the exhaust gases or of one of its components F27D2019/0018Monitoring the temperature of the atmosphere of the kiln F27D2019/0021Monitoring the temperature of the exhaust gases F27D2019/0025Monitoring the temperature of a part or of an element of the furnace structure F27D2019/0028Regulation F27D2019/0031through control of the flow of the exhaust gases F27D2019/0034through control of a heating quantity such as fuel, oxidant or intensity of current F27D2019/0037Quantity of electric current F27D2019/004Fuel quantity F27D2019/0043Amount of air or O₂ to the burner F27D2019/0046Amount of secondary air to the burner F27D2019/005Amount of heat given to the charge via a controlled heat exchanger F27D2019/0053involving heating the charge in a fluid or fluidised medium F27D2019/0056Regulation involving cooling F27D2019/0059Regulation involving the control of the conveyor movement, e.g. speed or sequences F27D2019/0062control of the workpiece stay in different zones F27D2019/0065Regulation involving controlled section modification F27D2019/0068Regulation involving a measured inflow of a particular gas in the enclosure F27D2019/0071Regulation using position sensors F27D2019/0075Regulation of the charge quantity F27D2019/0078Regulation of the speed of the gas through the charge F27D2019/0081Controlling an air-lock chamber F27D2019/0084Controlling closure systems, e.g. doors F27D2019/0087Automatisation of the whole plant or activity F27D2019/009Use of codes, e.g. bar codes F27D2019/0093Maintaining a temperature gradient F27D2019/0096involving simulation means, e.g. of the treating or charging step F27D21/00Arrangements of monitoring devicesArrangements of safety devices F27D2021/0007Monitoring the pressure F27D21/0014Devices for monitoring temperature F27D21/0021Devices for monitoring linings for wear F27D21/0028Devices for monitoring the level of the melt F27D21/0035Devices for monitoring the weight of quantities added to the charge F27D2021/0042Monitoring the level of the solid charge F27D2021/005Devices for monitoring thermal expansion F27D2021/0057Security or safety devices, e.g. for protection against heat, noise, pollution or too much duress; Ergonomic aspects F27D2021/0064against noises F27D2021/0071against explosions F27D2021/0078against the presence of an undesirable element in the atmosphere of the furnace F27D2021/0085against molten metal, e.g. leakage or splashes F27D2021/0092against a jam in the transport line or a production interruption F27D21/02Observation or illuminating devices F27D2021/023Closable inserting openings, e.g. for the introduction of lances, sensors or burners F27D2021/026using a video installation F27D21/04Arrangements of indicators or alarms F27D25/00Devices or methods for removing incrustations , e.g. slag, metal deposits, dust; Devices or methods for preventing the adherence of slag F27D25/001comprising breaking tools, e.g. hammers, drills, scrapers breaking away linings F27D1/1694; boring machines for forming tapholes F27D3/1527 F27D25/003used for punching tuyeres F27D25/005used for cleaning the channels of induction furnaces F27D25/006using explosives F27D25/008using fluids or gases, e.g. blowers, suction units F27D27/00Stirring devices for molten material F27D3/14 takes precedence F27D2027/002Gas stirring F27D27/005Pumps F27D27/007Pulsating pumps F27D99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass F27D99/0001Heating elements or systems F27D99/0003with particulate fuel, e.g. aspects relating to the feeding F27D99/0005Injecting liquid fuel F27D99/0006Electric heating elements or system F27D2099/0008Resistor heating F27D2099/001the container being the resistor F27D2099/0011The resistor heats a radiant tube or surface F27D2099/0013immersed in the charge F27D2099/0015Induction heating F27D2099/0016Different magnetic fields, e.g. two coils, different characteristics of the same coil along its length or different parts of the same coil used F27D2099/0018Relative movement of the coil and the charge during the heat treatment F27D2099/002Core heating F27D2099/0021Arc heating F27D2099/0023DC arc heating F27D2099/0025Currents through the charge F27D2099/0026with a generator of electromagnetic radiations F27D2099/0028Microwave heating F27D2099/003Bombardment heating, e.g. with ions or electrons F27D2099/0031Plasma-torch heating F27D99/0033using burners manufacture of steel in an electric arc furnace equipped with burners C21C5/5217 F27D99/0035Heating indirectly through a radiant surface F27D2099/0036immersed in the charge F27D2099/0038removable F27D2099/004directed upon the charge, e.g. vertically F27D2099/0041with a small angle, e.g. almost tangentially F27D2099/0043Impulse burner F27D2099/0045Radiant burner F27D2099/0046with incomplete combustion, e.g. reducing atmosphere F27D2099/0048Post- combustion F27D2099/005Catalytic burner F27D2099/0051Burning waste as a fuel F27D2099/0053Burner fed with preheated gases F27D2099/0055Fuel F27D2099/0056Oxidant F27D2099/0058Means for heating the charge locally F27D2099/006Auxiliary heating, e.g. in special conditions or at special times F27D2099/0061Indirect heating F27D2099/0063Liquid F27D2099/0065Gas F27D2099/0066Particles or solid bodies, e.g. bed of particles F27D2099/0068Heating directly by circulation of a fluid other than a gas or by particles F27D99/007Partitions F27D2099/0071Partitions used as registers F27D99/0073Seals F27D99/0075Gas curtain seals F27D99/0076Furnace car seals, i.e. seals used in continuous furnaces or kilns for preventing gas or heat exchange between heating chamber and the area comprising driving means F27D2099/0078Means to minimize the leakage of the furnace atmosphere during charging or discharging F27D2099/008Using an air-lock use of air-locks for charging smelt furnaces F27D3/0032 F27D2099/0081Joint F27D2099/0083Drives; Auxiliary drives F27D2099/0085Accessories F27D2099/0086Filters, e.g. for molten metals F27D2099/0088Apparatus to cut metal, e.g. logs, in billets F27D2099/009Bumpers F27D2099/0091Means to grease or oil F27D2099/0093Means to collect ashes or dust, e.g. vessels F27D2099/0095Means to collect the slag or spilled metal, e.g. vessels cars to carry the pots F27D2003/127 F27D2099/0096Presses F27D2099/0098Means for moving the furnace F27D2201/00 F27D2201/00Manipulation of furnace partsIndexing code F27D2201/00 can be followed by additional indexing codes preceded by a + sign. These additional indexing codes are chosen from codes of subclass F27D describing similar manipulations of furnace charges.
Example: F27D2201/00 + F27D2003/0036