F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERALGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES evacuation of fumes from the area where they are produced B08B15/00; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on percussive tools B25D17/12 ; arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00, on ships or other waterborne vessels B63H21/32, on aircraft B64D33/04; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on firearms F41A21/30; ground installations for reducing aircraft engine or jet noise B64F1/26; silencers specially adapted for steam engines F01B31/16; air-intake silencers for gas turbine or jet propulsion plants F02C7/045; jet pipe or nozzles for jet propulsion plants F02K ; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00; combating noise or silencing in positive displacement machines or pumps F04B39/0027, in rotary-piston machines or pumps F04C29/06, in non-positive displacement pumps F04D29/66; means in valves for absorbing noise F16K47/02; noise absorbers in pipe system F16L55/02; conducting smoke or fumes from various locations to the outside F23J11/00; means for preventing or suppressing noise in air-conditioning or ventilation systems F24F13/24 ; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16Attention is drawn to the notes preceding Class F01, especially as regards Note 2(b).In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. F01N1/00 F01N1/00Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by cooling F01N3/02; using liquids F01N3/04 F01N1/003by using dead chambers communicating with gas flow passages resonance chambers F01N1/02; chambers containing sound-absorbing materials F01N1/24 F01N1/006comprising at least one perforated tube extending from inlet to outlet of the silencer F01N1/02by using resonance F01N1/023Helmholtz resonators F01N1/026Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage F01N1/04having sound-absorbing materials in resonance chambers F01N1/06by using interference effect F01N1/065by using an active noise source, e.g. speakers F01N1/08by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling F01N1/081by passing the gases through a mass of particles F01N1/082the gases passing through porous members F01N1/081 takes precedence F01N1/083using transversal baffles defining a tortuous path for the gases or successively throttling gas flow F01N1/084the gases flowing through the silencer two or more times longitudinally in opposite directions, e.g. using parallel or concentric tubes F01N1/085using a central core throttling gas passage F01N1/086having means to impart whirling motion to the gases with helically or spirally shaped channels F01N1/12 F01N1/087using tangential inlets into a circular chamber F01N1/088using vanes arranged on gas flow path or gas flow tubes with tangentially directed apertures F01N1/089using two or more expansion chambers in series F01N1/083, F01N1/084, F01N1/086 take precedence F01N1/10in combination with sound-absorbing materials F01N1/125 takes precedence F01N1/12using spirally or helically shaped channels cyclones B04C F01N1/125in combination with sound-absorbing materials F01N1/14by adding air to exhaust gases in tailpipes F01N13/082, F01N13/20 F01N1/16by using movable parts F01N1/161for adjusting resonance or dead chambers or passages to resonance or dead chambers F01N1/163by means of valves F01N1/165for adjusting flow area F01N1/166for changing gas flow path through the silencer or for adjusting the dimensions of a chamber or a pipe F01N1/165 takes precedence F01N1/168for controlling or modifying silencing characteristics only F01N1/18having rotary movement F01N1/20having oscillating or vibrating movement the parts being resilient walls F01N1/22 F01N1/22the parts being resilient walls F01N1/24by using sound-absorbing materials F01N1/04, F01N1/06, F01N1/10, F01N1/14, F01N1/16 take precedence F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust electric control F01N9/00; monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N11/00 ; collecting or removing exhaust gases of vehicle engines in workshops B08B15/00, on highways E01C1/005 F01N3/005for draining or otherwise eliminating condensates or moisture accumulating in the apparatus F01N3/02 takes precedence F01N3/01by means of electric or electrostatic separators F01N3/02for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of electric or electrostatic separators F01N3/01 ; mixing air with exhaust in tailpipes F01N13/082, F01N13/20 F01N3/0205using heat exchangers F01N3/021by means of filters F01N3/0211Arrangements for mounting filtering elements in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration F01N3/0212with one or more perforated tubes surrounded by filtering material, e.g. filter candles F01N3/0214with filters comprising movable parts, e.g. rotating filters F01N3/0215the filtering elements having the form of disks or plates F01N3/0217the filtering elements having the form of hollow cylindrical bodies F01N3/0218the filtering elements being made from spirally-wound filtering material F01N3/022characterised by specially adapted filtering structure, e.g. honeycomb, mesh or fibrous F01N3/0222the structure being monolithic, e.g. honeycombs F01N3/0224the structure being granular F01N3/0226the structure being fibrous F01N3/0228the structure being made of foamed rubber or plastics F01N3/023using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by electrically controlling the supply of combustible mixture or its constituents only F02D41/0235 F01N3/0231using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT] F01N3/0232removing incombustible material from a particle filter, e.g. ash F01N3/0233periodically cleaning filter by blowing a gas through the filter in a direction opposite to exhaust flow, e.g. exposing filter to engine air intake F01N3/0234using heat exchange means in the exhaust line F01N3/0235using exhaust gas throttling means F01N3/0236using turbine waste gate valve F01N3/0237for regenerating ex situ F01N3/0238for regenerating during engine standstill F01N3/025using fuel burner or by adding fuel to exhaust F01N3/0253adding fuel to exhaust gases F01N3/0256the fuel being ignited by electrical means F01N3/027using electric or magnetic heating means F01N3/0275using electric discharge means F01N3/028using microwaves F01N3/029by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust F01N3/0293injecting substances in exhaust stream F01N3/0296having means for preheating additional substances F01N3/031having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start F01N3/032during filter regeneration only F01N3/033in combination with other devices with adsorbents or absorbents F01N3/0821 F01N3/0335with exhaust silencers in a single housing F01N3/035with catalytic reactors , e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters F01N3/037by means of inertial or centrifugal separators, e.g. of cyclone type, optionally combined or associated with agglomerators F01N3/038by means of perforated plates defining expansion chambers associated with condensation and collection chambers, e.g. for adiabatic expansion of gases and subsequent collection of condensed liquids F01N3/04using liquids F01N3/043without contact between liquid and exhaust gases F01N3/046Exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket F01N3/05by means of air, e.g. by mixing exhaust with air silencers working by addition of air to exhaust F01N1/14; arrangements for the supply of additional air for the thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust F01N3/30 ; in tailpipes F01N13/082 F01N3/055without contact between air and exhaust gases F01N3/06for extinguishing sparks F01N3/08for rendering innocuous using electric or electrostatic separators F01N3/01; chemical aspects B01D53/92 F01N3/0807by using absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0814combined with catalytic converters, e.g. NOx absorption/storage reduction catalysts F01N3/0821combined with particulate filters catalysed diesel particulate filters F01N3/035 F01N3/0828characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances F01N3/0835Hydrocarbons F01N3/0842Nitrogen oxides F01N3/085Sulfur or sulfur oxides F01N3/0857Carbon oxides F01N3/0864Oxygen F01N3/0871Regulation of absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. purging by electrically controlling the supply of combustible mixture or its constituents only F02D41/0235 F01N3/0878Bypassing absorbents or adsorbents F01N3/0885Regeneration of deteriorated absorbents or adsorbents, e.g. desulfurization of NOx traps F01N3/0892Electric or magnetic treatment, e.g. dissociation of noxious components electric filters F01N3/01; regeneration of exhaust filters F01N3/023; heating catalytic converters F01N3/2006 F01N3/10by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust by using other chemical processes, chemical aspects of catalytic conversion, e.g. using specified catalysts, B01D53/34 F01N3/101Three-way catalysts F01N3/103Oxidation catalysts for HC and CO only F01N3/105General auxiliary catalysts, e.g. upstream or downstream of the main catalyst F01N3/106Auxiliary oxidation catalysts F01N3/108Auxiliary reduction catalysts F01N3/18characterised by methods of operationControl F01N3/20specially adapted for catalytic conversion F01N3/22 takes precedence; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating by electrically controlling the supply of combustible mixture or its constituents only F02D41/0235 F01N3/2013using electric or magnetic heating means F01N3/202using microwaves F01N3/2026directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect F01N3/2033using a fuel burner or introducing fuel into exhaust duct F01N3/204using an exhaust gas igniter, e.g. a spark or glow plug, without introducing fuel into exhaust duct F01N3/2046Periodically cooling catalytic reactors F01N3/2053By-passing catalytic reactors, e.g. to prevent overheating F01N3/206Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents F01N3/2066 takes precedence F01N3/2066Selective catalytic reduction [SCR] F01N3/2073with means for generating a reducing substance from the exhaust gases F01N3/208Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent F01N3/2086Activating the catalyst by light, photo-catalysts F01N3/2093Periodically blowing a gas through the converter, e.g. in a direction opposite to exhaust gas flow or by reversing exhaust gas flow direction F01N3/22Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives F01N3/222using electric valves only F01N3/225Electric control of additional air supply F01N3/227using pneumatically operated valves, e.g. membrane valves F01N3/24characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus filtering in combination with catalytic reactors F01N3/035 F01N3/26Construction of thermal reactors F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors F01N3/2803characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support F01N3/2807Metal other than sintered metal F01N3/2832 and F01N3/2835 take precedence F01N3/281Metallic honeycomb monoliths made of stacked or rolled sheets, foils or plates F01N3/2814all sheets, plates or foils being corrugated F01N3/2817only with non-corrugated sheets, plates or foils F01N3/2821the support being provided with means to enhance the mixing process inside the converter, e.g. sheets, plates or foils with protrusions or projections to create turbulence F01N3/2825Ceramics F01N3/2832, F01N3/2835 take precedence F01N3/2828Ceramic multi-channel monoliths, e.g. honeycombs F01N3/2832granular, e.g. pellets F01N3/2835fibrous F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration F01N3/2842specially adapted for monolithic supports, e.g. of honeycomb type F01N3/2853 - F01N3/2871 take precedence F01N3/2846specially adapted for granular supports, e.g. pellets F01N3/285specially adapted for fibrous supports, e.g. held in place by screens F01N3/2853using mats or gaskets between catalyst body and housing F01N3/2857the mats or gaskets being at least partially made of intumescent material, e.g. unexpanded vermiculite F01N3/286the mats or gaskets having corrugations or cavities F01N3/2864the mats or gaskets comprising two or more insulation layers F01N3/2867the mats or gaskets being placed at the front or end face of catalyst body F01N3/2871the mats or gaskets having an additional, e.g. non-insulating or non-cushioning layer, a metal foil or an adhesive layer F01N3/2875by using elastic means, e.g. spring leaves, for retaining catalyst body in the housing F01N3/2853 - F01N3/2871 take precedence F01N3/2878by using non-elastic means for retaining catalyst body in the housing, e.g. a metal chamfer, or by corrugation or deformation of the metal housing F01N3/2882Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices combined with absorbents or adsorbents only F01N3/0814; combined with particulate filters F01N3/035 F01N3/2885with exhaust silencers in a single housing F01N3/2889with heat exchangers in a single housing F01N3/2892Exhaust flow directors or the like, e.g. upstream of catalytic device F01N3/2896Liquid catalyst carrier F01N3/30Arrangements for supply of additional air control, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives, F01N3/22 F01N3/303Filtering additional air F01N3/306Preheating additional air F01N3/32using air pump using jet air pumps F01N3/34; pumps in general F04 F01N3/323Electrically driven air pumps F01N3/326Engine-driven air pumps F01N3/34using air conduits or jet air pumps, e.g. near the engine exhaust port F01N3/36Arrangements for supply of additional fuel F01N3/38Arrangements for igniting F01N5/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting from exhaust energy using kinetic or wave energy of exhaust gases in exhaust systems for charging F02B; predominant aspects of such devices, see the relevant classes for the devices F01N5/02the devices using heat F01N5/025the device being thermoelectric generators F01N5/04the devices using kinetic energy F01N9/00Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus F01N11/00; conjoint electrical control of two or more combustion engine functions F02D43/00 F01N9/002of filter regeneration, e.g. detection of clogging F01N9/005using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly F01N9/007Storing data relevant to operation of exhaust systems for later retrieval and analysis, e.g. to research exhaust system malfunctions F01N11/00Monitoring or diagnostic devices for exhaust-gas treatment apparatus , e.g. for catalytic activity safety, indicating or supervising devices for internal combustion engines F02B77/08; testing of machines G01M13/00 F01N11/002the diagnostic devices measuring or estimating temperature or pressure in, or downstream of the exhaust apparatus F01N11/005the temperature or pressure being estimated, e.g. by means of a theoretical model F01N11/007the diagnostic devices measuring oxygen or air concentration downstream of the exhaust apparatus F01N13/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 F01N13/001Gas flow channels or gas chambers being at least partly formed in the structural parts of the engine or machine using structural parts of the vehicle B60K13/06 F01N13/002Apparatus adapted for particular uses, e.g. for portable devices driven by machines or engines F01N13/004specially adapted for marine propulsion, i.e. for receiving simultaneously engine exhaust gases and engine cooling water for submerged exhausting F01N13/12; treating exhaust by using liquids F01N3/04 F01N13/005with parts constructed of non-metallic material, e.g. of rubber F01N13/007Apparatus used as intake or exhaust silencer silencing methods F01N1/00; intake silencers F02M35/12 F01N13/008Mounting or arrangement of exhaust sensors in or on exhaust apparatus sensor arrangements for engine control F02D41/1439 F01N13/009having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series F01N13/0093the purifying devices are of the same type F01N13/0097the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing F01N13/011having two or more purifying devices arranged in parallel F01N13/017the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing F01N13/02having two or more separate silencers in series F01N13/04having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines F01N13/06specially adapted for star-arrangement of cylinders, e.g. exhaust manifolds F01N13/08Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits pipes, joints or supports therefor in general F16L; collecting or removing exhaust gases of vehicle engines in workshops B08B15/00, on highways E01C1/005 F01N13/082of tailpipe, e.g. with means for mixing air with exhaust for exhaust cooling, dilution or evacuation F01N13/20 takes precedence F01N13/085having means preventing foreign matter from entering exhaust conduit F01N13/087having valves upstream of silencing apparatus for by-passing at least part of exhaust directly to atmosphere valves for changing gas flow path through the silencer F01N1/166 F01N13/10of exhaust manifolds with cooling jacket F01N3/046 F01N13/102having thermal insulation F01N13/105having the form of a chamber directly connected to the cylinder head, e.g. without having tubes connected between cylinder head and chamber F01N13/107More than one exhaust manifold or exhaust collector F01N13/12specially adapted for submerged exhausting F01N13/14having thermal insulation exhaust manifolds F01N13/102 F01N13/141Double-walled exhaust pipes or housings F01N13/143with air filling the space between both walls F01N13/145with gas other than air filling the space between both walls F01N13/146with vacuum in the space between both walls F01N13/148Multiple layers of insulating material F01N13/16Selection of particular materials F01N13/18Construction facilitating manufacture, assembly, or disassembly F01N13/1805Fixing exhaust manifolds, exhaust pipes or pipe sections to each other, to engine or to vehicle body pipe joints in general F16L; fixing auxiliaries in motor vehicles in general B60K F01N13/1811with means permitting relative movement, e.g. compensation of thermal expansion or vibration F01N13/1816the pipe sections being joined together by flexible tubular elements only, e.g. using bellows or strip-wound pipes F01N13/1822for fixing exhaust pipes or devices to vehicle body F01N13/1827Sealings specially adapted for exhaust systems sealings in general F16J15/00 F01N13/1833specially adapted for small internal combustion engines, e.g. used in model applications F01N13/1838characterised by the type of connection between parts of exhaust or silencing apparatus, e.g. between housing and tubes, between tubes and baffles F01N13/1844Mechanical joints F01N13/185the connection being realised by deforming housing, tube, baffle, plate, or parts thereof F01N13/1855the connection being realised by using bolts, screws, rivets or the like F01N13/1861the assembly using parts formed by casting or moulding F01N13/1866the channels or tubes thereof being made integrally with the housing F01N13/1872the assembly using stamp-formed parts or otherwise deformed sheet-metal F01N13/1877the channels or tubes thereof being made integrally with the housing F01N13/1883manufactured by hydroforming F01N13/1888the housing of the assembly consisting of two or more parts, e.g. two half-shells F01N13/1894the parts being assembled in longitudinal direction F01N13/20having flared outlets, e.g. of fish-tail shape F01N99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass F01N2210/00Combination of methods of silencing F01N2210/02Resonance and interference F01N2210/04Throttling-expansion and resonance F01N2210/06Throttling-expansion and interference F01N2230/00Combination of silencers and other devices F01N2230/02Exhaust filters F01N2230/04Catalytic converters F01N2230/06Spark arresters F01N2230/08Thermal reactors F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being F01N2240/02a heat exchanger F01N2240/04an electric, e.g. electrostatic, device other than a heater F01N2240/05a magnetic, e.g. electromagnetic, device other than a valve F01N2240/06an inertial, e.g. centrifugal, device F01N2240/10a heat accumulator F01N2240/12a thermal reactor F01N2240/14a fuel burner F01N2240/16an electric heater, i.e. a resistance heater F01N2240/18an adsorber or absorber F01N2240/20a flow director or deflector F01N2240/22a condensation chamber F01N2240/25an ammonia generator F01N2240/26an exhaust gas reservoir, e.g. emission buffer F01N2240/28a plasma reactor F01N2240/30a fuel reformer F01N2240/32a fuel cell F01N2240/34an electrolyser F01N2240/36an exhaust flap F01N2240/38an ozone (O₃) generator, e.g. for adding ozone after generation of ozone from air F01N2240/40a hydrolysis catalyst F01N2250/00Combinations of different methods of purification F01N2250/02filtering and catalytic conversion F01N2250/04afterburning and catalytic conversion F01N2250/06afterburning and filtering F01N2250/08filtering and inertial particulate separation F01N2250/10cooling and filtering F01N2250/12absorption or adsorption, and catalytic conversion F01N2250/14absorption or adsorption, and filtering F01N2260/00Exhaust treating devices having provisions not otherwise provided for F01N2260/02for cooling the device F01N2260/022using air F01N2260/024using a liquid F01N2260/04for regeneration or reactivation, e.g. of catalyst F01N2260/06for improving exhaust evacuation or circulation, or reducing back-pressure F01N2260/08for preventing heat loss or temperature drop, using other means than layers of heat-insulating material F01N2260/10for avoiding stress caused by expansions or contractions due to temperature variations F01N2260/12for resisting high pressure F01N2260/14for modifying or adapting flow area or back-pressure F01N2260/16for reducing exhaust flow pulsations F01N2260/18for improving rigidity, e.g. by wings, ribs F01N2260/20for heat or sound protection, e.g. using a shield or specially shaped outer surface of exhaust device F01N2260/22for preventing theft of exhaust parts or devices, e.g. anti-theft arrangements F01N2260/24for identifying exhaust parts or devices, e.g. by labels, stickers or directly printing F01N2260/26for preventing enter of dirt into the device F01N2270/00Mixing air with exhaust gases F01N2270/02for cooling exhaust gases or the apparatus F01N2270/04for afterburning F01N2270/06for silencing F01N2270/08for evacuation of exhaust gases, e.g. in tail-pipes F01N2270/10for rendering exhaust innocuous, e.g. by dilution F01N2290/00Movable parts or members in exhaust systems for other than for control purposes F01N2290/02with continuous rotary movement F01N2290/04driven by exhaust gases F01N2290/06driven by auxiliary drive F01N2290/08with oscillating or vibrating movement F01N2290/10actuated by pressure of exhaust gases, e.g. exhaust pulses F01N2310/00Selection of sound absorbing or insulating material F01N2310/02Mineral wool, e.g. glass wool, rock wool, asbestos or the like F01N2310/04Metallic wool, e.g. steel wool, copper wool or the like F01N2310/06Porous ceramics F01N2310/08Exfoliated vermiculite, e.g. zonolite, coke, pumice F01N2310/10Plastic foam F01N2310/12Granular material F01N2310/14Wire mesh fabric, woven glass cloth or the like F01N2330/00Structure of catalyst support or particle filter F01N2330/02Metallic plates or honeycombs, e.g. superposed or rolled-up corrugated or otherwise deformed sheet metal F01N2330/04Methods of manufacturing F01N2330/06Ceramic, e.g. monoliths F01N2330/08Granular material F01N2330/10Fibrous material, e.g. mineral or metallic wool F01N2330/101using binders, e.g. to form a permeable mat, paper or the like F01N2330/102fibrous material being fiber reinforced polymer made of plastic matrix reinforced by fine glass or in the form of a loose mass of filaments or fibers F01N2330/12Metallic wire mesh fabric or knitting F01N2330/14Sintered material F01N2330/18Composite material F01N2330/20Plastics, e.g. polymers, polyester, polyurethane F01N2330/22Metal foam F01N2330/30Honeycomb supports characterised by their structural details F01N2330/32characterised by the shape, form or number of corrugations of plates, sheets or foils F01N2330/321with two or more different kinds of corrugations in the same substrate F01N2330/322Corrugations of trapezoidal form F01N2330/323Corrugations of saw-tooth or triangular form F01N2330/324Corrugations of rectangular form F01N2330/325Corrugations of omega form F01N2330/34with flow channels of polygonal cross section F01N2330/36with flow channels formed by tubes F01N2330/38flow channels with means to enhance flow mixing,(e.g. protrusions or projections) F01N2330/40made of a single sheet, foil or plate F01N2330/42made of three or more different sheets, foils or plates stacked one on the other F01N2330/44made of stacks of sheets, plates or foils that are folded in S-form F01N2330/48characterised by the number of flow passages, e.g. cell density F01N2330/60Discontinuous, uneven properties of filter material, e.g. different material thickness along the longitudinal directionHigher filter capacity upstream than downstream in same housing F01N2340/00Dimensional characteristics of the exhaust system, e.g. length, diameter or volume of the apparatusSpatial arrangements of exhaust apparatuses F01N2340/02characterised by the distance of the apparatus to the engine, or the distance between two exhaust treating apparatuses F01N2340/04characterised by the arrangement of an exhaust pipe, manifold or apparatus in relation to vehicle frame or particular vehicle parts F01N2340/06characterised by the arrangement of the exhaust apparatus relative to the turbine of a turbocharger F01N2350/00Arrangements for fitting catalyst support or particle filter element in the housing F01N2350/02Fitting ceramic monoliths in a metallic housing F01N2350/04with means compensating thermal expansion F01N2350/06with means preventing gas flow by-pass or leakage F01N2350/08with means for compressing granular material F01N2370/00Selection of materials for exhaust purification F01N2370/02used in catalytic reactors F01N2370/04Zeolitic material F01N2370/22used in non-catalytic purification apparatus F01N2370/24Zeolitic material F01N2370/30Materials having magnetic properties F01N2370/40Activated carbon or charcoal F01N2390/00Arrangements for controlling or regulating exhaust apparatus F01N2390/02using electric components only F01N2390/04using electropneumatic components F01N2390/06using pneumatic components only F01N2390/08using mechanical components only, e.g. actuated manually F01N2410/00By-passing, at least partially, exhaust from inlet to outlet of apparatus, to atmosphere or to other device F01N2410/02in case of high temperature, e.g. overheating of catalytic reactor F01N2410/03in case of low temperature F01N2410/04during regeneration period, e.g. of particle filter F01N2410/06at cold starting F01N2410/08in case of clogging, e.g. of particle filter F01N2410/10for reducing flow resistance, e.g. to obtain more engine power F01N2410/12in case of absorption, adsorption or desorption of exhaust gas constituents F01N2410/14in case of excessive pressure, e.g. using a safety valve F01N2430/00Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics F01N2430/02by cutting out a part of engine cylinders F01N2430/04by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives F01N2430/06by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture F01N2430/08by modifying ignition or injection timing F01N2430/085at least a part of the injection taking place during expansion or exhaust stroke F01N2430/10by modifying inlet or exhaust valve timing F01N2450/00Methods or apparatus for fitting, inserting or repairing different elements F01N2450/02Fitting monolithic blocks into the housing F01N2450/04Filling or emptying a chamber with granular material F01N2450/06Inserting sound absorbing material into a chamber F01N2450/08Repairing the housing or pipe-joints F01N2450/10Fitting temporarily exhaust apparatus on exhaust conduit, e.g. in confined environment, garage or the like F01N2450/16by using threaded joints F01N2450/18by using quick-active type locking mechanisms, e.g. clips F01N2450/20by mechanical joints, e.g. by deforming housing, tube, baffle plate or parts thereof F01N2450/22by welding or brazing F01N2450/24by bolts, screws, rivets or the like F01N2450/26by bayonet fittings F01N2450/28by using adhesive material, e.g. cement F01N2450/30Removable or rechangeable blocks or cartridges, e.g. for filters F01N2450/40Retrofitting exhaust apparatus F01N2470/00Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes F01N2470/02Tubes being perforated F01N2470/04characterised by shape, disposition or dimensions of apertures F01N2470/06Tubes being formed by assembly of stamped or otherwise deformed sheet-metal F01N2470/08Gas passages being formed between the walls of an outer shell and an inner chamber F01N2470/10Tubes having non-circular cross section F01N2470/12Tubes being corrugated F01N2470/14Plurality of outlet tubes, e.g. in parallel or with different length F01N2470/16Plurality of inlet tubes, e.g. discharging into different chambers F01N2470/18the axis of inlet or outlet tubes being other than the longitudinal axis of apparatus F01N2470/20Dimensional characteristics of tubes, e.g. length, diameter F01N2470/22Inlet and outlet tubes being positioned on the same side of the apparatus F01N2470/24Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled F01N2470/26Tubes being formed by extrusion, drawing or rolling F01N2470/28Tubes being formed by moulding or casting x F01N2470/30Tubes with restrictions, i.e. venturi or the like, e.g. for sucking air or measuring mass flow F01N2490/00Structure, disposition or shape of gas-chambers F01N2490/02Two or more expansion chambers in series connected by means of tubes F01N2490/04the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet only in one direction F01N2490/06the gases flowing longitudinally from inlet to outlet in opposite directions F01N2490/08Two or more expansion chambers in series separated by apertured walls only F01N2490/10Two or more expansion chambers in parallel F01N2490/12Chambers having variable volumes F01N2490/14Dead or resonance chambers connected to gas flow tube by relatively short side-tubes F01N2490/15Plurality of resonance or dead chambers F01N2490/155being disposed one after the other in flow direction F01N2490/16Chambers with particular shapes, e.g. spherical F01N2490/18Dimensional characteristics of gas chambers F01N2490/20Chambers being formed inside the exhaust pipe without enlargement of the cross section of the pipe, e.g. resonance chambers F01N2510/00Surface coverings F01N2510/02for thermal insulation F01N2510/04for sound absorption F01N2510/06for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction F01N2510/061usable with leaded fuels F01N2510/063zeolites F01N2510/065for reducing soot ignition temperature F01N2510/067usable with sulfurised fuels F01N2510/068characterised by the distribution of the catalytic coatings F01N2510/0682having a discontinuous, uneven or partially overlapping coating of catalytic material, e.g. higher amount of material upstream than downstream or vice versa F01N2510/0684having more than one coating layer, e.g. multi-layered coatings F01N2510/08for corrosion prevention F01N2510/10for preventing carbon deposits, e.g. chromium F01N2510/12for smell removal F01N2510/14for dehydrating F01N2530/00Selection of materials for tubes, chambers or housings F01N2530/02Corrosion resistive metals F01N2530/04Steel alloys, e.g. stainless steel F01N2530/06Aluminium or alloys thereof F01N2530/18Plastics material, e.g. polyester resin F01N2530/20reinforced with mineral or metallic fibres F01N2530/22Flexible elastomeric material F01N2530/24Sintered porous material, e.g. bronze, aluminium or the like F01N2530/26Multi-layered walls F01N2550/00Monitoring or diagnosing the deterioration of exhaust systems F01N2550/02Catalytic activity of catalytic converters F01N2550/03of sorbing activity of adsorbents or absorbents F01N2550/04Filtering activity of particulate filters F01N2550/05Systems for adding substances into exhaust F01N2550/06By-pass systems F01N2550/10of catalytic converters F01N2550/12of particulate filters F01N2550/14Systems for adding secondary air into exhaust F01N2550/20Monitoring artificially aged exhaust systems F01N2550/22of electric heaters for exhaust systems or their power supply F01N2550/24Determining the presence or absence of an exhaust treating device F01N2560/00Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics F01N2560/02the means being an exhaust gas sensor F01N2560/021for measuring or detecting ammonia NH₃ F01N2560/022for measuring or detecting CO or CO₂ F01N2560/023for measuring or detecting HC F01N2560/024for measuring or detecting hydrogen H₂ F01N2560/025for measuring or detecting O₂, e.g. lambda sensors F01N2560/026for measuring or detecting NOx F01N2560/027for measuring or detecting SOx F01N2560/028for measuring or detecting humidity or water F01N2560/05the means being a particulate sensor F01N2560/06the means being a temperature sensor F01N2560/07the means being an exhaust gas flow rate or velocity meter or sensor, intake flow meters only when exclusively used to determine exhaust gas parameters F01N2560/08the means being a pressure sensor F01N2560/12Other sensor principles, e.g. using electro conductivity of substrate or radio frequency F01N2560/14having more than one sensor of one kind F01N2560/20Sensor having heating means F01N2570/00Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds F01N2570/02Lead F01N2570/04Sulfur or sulfur oxides F01N2570/06Zinc F01N2570/08Phosphorus F01N2570/10Carbon or carbon oxides F01N2570/12Hydrocarbons F01N2570/14Nitrogen oxides F01N2570/145Dinitrogen oxide F01N2570/16Oxygen F01N2570/18Ammonia F01N2570/20Formaldehyde F01N2570/22Water or humidity F01N2570/24Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) F01N2590/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus adapted to particular use, e.g. for military applications, airplanes, submarines F01N2590/02for marine vessels or naval applications F01N2590/021for outboard engines F01N2590/022for jetskis F01N2590/04for motorcycles F01N2590/06for hand-held tools or portables devices F01N2590/08for heavy duty applications, e.g. trucks, buses, tractors, locomotives F01N2590/10for stationary applications F01N2590/11for hybrid vehicles F01N2610/00Adding substances to exhaust gases F01N2610/01the substance being catalytic material in liquid form F01N2610/02the substance being ammonia or urea F01N2610/03the substance being hydrocarbons, e.g. engine fuel F01N2610/04the substance being hydrogen F01N2610/05the substance being carbon monoxide F01N2610/06the substance being in the gaseous form F01N2610/08with prior mixing of the substances with a gas, e.g. air F01N2610/085Controlling the air supply F01N2610/10the substance being heated, e.g. by heating tank or supply line of the added substance F01N2610/102after addition to exhaust gases, e.g. by a passively or actively heated surface in the exhaust conduit F01N2610/105Control thereof F01N2610/107using glow plug heating elements F01N2610/11the substance or part of the dosing system being cooled F01N2610/12the substance being in solid form, e.g. pellets or powder F01N2610/14Arrangements for the supply of substances, e.g. conduits F01N2610/1406Storage means for substances, e.g. tanks or reservoirs F01N2610/1413Inlet and filling arrangements therefore F01N2610/142Controlling the filling of the tank F01N2610/1426Filtration means F01N2610/1433Pumps F01N2610/144Control thereof F01N2610/1446Means for damping of pressure fluctuations in the delivery system, e.g. by puffer volumes or throttling F01N2610/1453Sprayers or atomisersArrangement thereof in the exhaust apparatus F01N2610/146Control thereof, e.g. control of injectors or injection valves F01N2610/1466Means for venting air out of conduits or tanks F01N2610/1473Overflow or return means for the substances, e.g. conduits or valves for the return path F01N2610/148Arrangement of sensors F01N2610/1486Means to prevent the substance from freezing F01N2610/1493Purging the reducing agent out of the conduits or nozzle F01N2900/00Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus F01N2900/04Methods of control or diagnosing F01N2900/0402using adaptive learning F01N2900/0404using a data filter F01N2900/0406using a model with a division of the catalyst or filter in several cells F01N2900/0408using a feed-back loop F01N2900/0411using a feed-forward control F01N2900/0412using pre-calibrated maps, tables or charts F01N2900/0414using a state observer F01N2900/0416using the state of a sensor, e.g. of an exhaust gas sensor F01N2900/0418using integration or an accumulated value within an elapsed period F01N2900/0421using an increment counter when a predetermined event occurs F01N2900/0422measuring the elapsed time F01N2900/06Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing F01N2900/0601being estimated F01N2900/0602Electrical exhaust heater signals F01N2900/08said parameters being related to the engine F01N2900/10said parameters being related to the vehicle or its components F01N2900/102Travelling distance F01N2900/104Battery status F01N2900/12said parameters being related to the vehicle exterior F01N2900/14said parameters being related to the exhaust gas F01N2900/1402Exhaust gas composition F01N2900/1404Exhaust gas temperature F01N2900/1406Exhaust gas pressure F01N2900/1411Exhaust gas flow rate, e.g. mass flow rate or volumetric flow rate F01N2900/16said parameters being related to the exhaust apparatus, e.g. particulate filter or catalyst F01N2900/1602Temperature of exhaust gas apparatus F01N2900/1606Particle filter loading or soot amount F01N2900/1611Particle filter ash amount F01N2900/1612SOx amount trapped in catalyst F01N2900/1614NOx amount trapped in catalyst F01N2900/1616NH₃-slip from catalyst F01N2900/1618HC-slip from catalyst F01N2900/1621Catalyst conversion efficiency F01N2900/1622Catalyst reducing agent absorption capacity or consumption amount F01N2900/1624Catalyst oxygen storage capacity F01N2900/1626Catalyst activation temperature F01N2900/1628Moisture amount in exhaust apparatus F01N2900/1631Heat amount provided to exhaust apparatus F01N2900/18said parameters being related to the system for adding a substance into the exhaust F01N2900/1804Properties of secondary air added directly to the exhaust F01N2900/1806Properties of reducing agent or dosing system F01N2900/1808Pressure F01N2900/1811Temperature F01N2900/1812Flow rate F01N2900/1814Tank level F01N2900/1818Concentration of the reducing agent F01N2900/1821Injector parameters F01N2900/1822Pump parameters F01N2900/1824Properties of the air to be mixed with added substances, e.g. air pressure or air temperature