F01PCOOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERALCOOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles B60K11/00; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K5/00; cooling of gas-turbine engines F02C7/12; heat exchange in general, radiators F28In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "air" also includes other gaseous cooling fluids; "liquid cooling" also includes cooling where liquid is used as the heat transferring fluid between parts to be cooled and the air, e.g. using radiators; "air cooling" means direct air cooling and thus excludes indirect air cooling occurring in liquid cooling systems as explained herefore; "cooling-air" includes directly or indirectly acting cooling-air.Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially as regards Note (3).Cooling by lubricant is classified in subclass F01M when the lubrication aspect predominates and in subclass F01P when the cooling aspect predominates.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. F01P1/00Air coolingLiquid cooling propelling cooling-air or liquid coolants F01P5/00; controlling supply or circulation of coolants F01P7/00; cylinders, pistons, valves, fuel injectors, sparking-plugs, or other engine or machine parts, modified to facilitate cooling, see the relevant classes for such parts F01P1/00Air cooling F01P2001/005Cooling engine rooms F01P1/02Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads, e.g. ducting cooling-air from its pressure source to cylinders or along cylinders F01P2001/023Cooling cylinders F01P2003/022 takes precedence F01P2001/026Cooling cylinder heads F01P2003/025 takes precedence F01P1/04Arrangements for cooling pistons F01P1/06Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts F01P1/08for cooling intake or exhaust valves F01P1/10for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs F01P3/00Liquid cooling F01P2003/001Cooling liquid F01P2003/003having boiling-point higher than 100°C F01P2003/005the liquid being fuel F01P2003/006the liquid being oil F01P2003/008the liquid being water and oil F01P3/02Arrangements for cooling cylinders or cylinder heads F01P2003/021Cooling cylinders F01P2003/022combined with air cooling F01P2003/024Cooling cylinder heads F01P2003/025combined with air cooling F01P2003/027Cooling cylinders and cylinder heads in parallel F01P2003/028Cooling cylinders and cylinder heads in series F01P3/04Liquid-to-air heat-exchangers combined with, or arranged on, cylinders or cylinder heads F01P3/06Arrangements for cooling pistons F01P3/08Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets F01P3/10Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons F01P3/12Arrangements for cooling other engine or machine parts F01P3/14for cooling intake or exhaust valves F01P3/16for cooling fuel injectors or sparking-plugs F01P3/18Arrangements or mounting of liquid-to-air heat-exchangers such arrangements on cylinders or cylinder heads F01P3/04; relative to vehicles B60K11/04 F01P2003/182with multiple heat-exchangers F01P2003/185arranged in parallel F01P2003/187arranged in series F01P3/20Cooling circuits not specific to a single part of engine or machine F01P3/22 takes precedence F01P3/202for outboard marine engines F01P3/205Flushing F01P3/207liquid-to-liquid heat-exchanging relative to marine vessels F01P3/22characterised by evaporation and condensation of coolant in closed cycles other cooling by evaporation F01P9/02characterised by the coolant reaching higher temperatures than normal atmospheric boiling-point F01P3/2207characterised by the coolant reaching temperatures higher than the normal atmospheric boiling point F01P2003/2214Condensers F01P2003/2221of the horizontal type F01P2003/2228of the upflow type F01P2003/2235of the downflow type F01P2003/2242Steam-to-steam condensers F01P2003/225Steam-to-liquid condensers F01P2003/2257Rotating condensers F01P2003/2264Separators F01P3/2271Closed cycles with separator and liquid return F01P2003/2278Heat pipes F01P3/2285Closed cycles with condenser and feed pump F01P2003/2292with thermostatically controlled by-pass F01P5/00Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolantsControlling circulation or supply of coolants F01P5/00Pumping cooling-air or liquid coolants controlling circulation or supply of coolants by influencing drive of pumps F01P7/00 F01P5/02Pumping cooling-airArrangements of cooling-air pumps, e.g. fans or blowers F01P2005/025using two or more air pumps F01P5/04Pump-driving arrangements F01P5/043Pump reversing arrangements F01P2005/046with electrical pump drive F01P5/06Guiding or ducting air to, or from, ducted fans F01P5/08Use of engine exhaust gases for pumping cooling-air F01P5/10Pumping liquid coolantArrangements of coolant pumps F01P2005/105Using two or more pumps F01P5/12Pump-driving arrangements F01P2005/125Driving auxiliary pumps electrically F01P5/14Safety means against, or active at, failure of coolant-pumps drives, e.g. shutting engine downMeans for indicating functioning of coolant pumps F01P7/00Controlling of coolant flow F01P7/02the coolant being cooling-air F01P7/023Cowlings for airplane engines F01P7/026Thermostatic control F01P7/04by varying pump speed, e.g. by changing pump-drive gear ratio F01P7/042using fluid couplings couplings or clutches of this type per se F16D35/00 F01P7/044using hydraulic drives F01P7/046using mechanical drives F01P7/048using electrical drives F01P7/06by varying blade pitch F01P7/08by cutting in or out of pumps F01P7/081using clutches, e.g. electro-magnetic or induction clutches F01P7/082using friction clutches F01P7/084actuated electromagnetically F01P7/085actuated by fluid pressure F01P7/087actuated directly by deformation of a thermostatic device F01P7/088actuated in response to driving speed, e.g. by centrifugal devices F01P7/10by throttling amount of air flowing through liquid-to-air heat exchangers F01P7/12by thermostatic control F01P7/14the coolant being liquid F01P2007/143using restrictions F01P2007/146using valves F01P7/16by thermostatic control F01P7/161by bypassing pumps F01P7/162by cutting in and out of pumps F01P7/164by varying pump speed F01P7/165characterised by systems with two or more loops F01P7/167by adjusting the pre-set temperature according to engine parameters, e.g. engine load, engine speed F01P2007/168By varying the cooling capacity of a liquid-to-air heat-exchanger F01P9/00Cooling having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P7/00 profiting from waste heat of combustion-engine cooling F02G5/00 F01P2009/005Cooling with melting solids F01P9/02Cooling by evaporation, e.g. by spraying water on to cylinders evaporation and condensation of liquid coolant in closed cycles F01P3/22 ; evaporation or evaporation apparatus for physical or chemical purposes, e.g. evaporation of liquids for gas phase reactions B01B1/005 F01P9/04by simultaneous or alternative use of direct air-cooling and liquid cooling F01P9/02 takes precedence F01P9/06by use of refrigerating apparatus, e.g. of compressor or absorber type F01P11/00Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01P1/00 - F01P9/00 F01P11/02Liquid-coolant filling, overflow, venting, or draining devices automatic draining during freezing conditions F01P11/20 F01P11/0204Filling F01P11/0209Closure caps F01P11/0214Mounting F01P2011/0219using bayonet connections F01P2011/0223Decoration F01P2011/0228Sealing F01P2011/0233Venting F01P11/0238with overpressure valves or vent valves F01P2011/0242setting the pressure valve F01P11/0247Safety; Locking against opening F01P2011/0252Venting before opening F01P2011/0257with theft preventing means F01P2011/0261activated by temperature F01P2011/0266activated by pressure F01P2011/0271Semi-permeable, e.g. using Gore-Tex c fibres F01P11/0276Draining or purging F01P11/028Deaeration devices F01P11/0285Venting devices F01P11/029Expansion reservoirs F01P11/0295Condensers for radiators F01P11/04Arrangements of liquid pipes or hoses F01P11/06Cleaning in general B08BCombating corrosion in general C23F F01P2011/061Cleaning or combating corrosion using filters F01P2011/063Cleaning F01P2011/061 takes precedence F01P2011/065Flushing F01P2011/066Combating corrosion F01P2011/061 takes precedence F01P2011/068chemically F01P11/08Arrangements of lubricant coolers in lubrication apparatus F01M F01P11/10Guiding or ducting cooling-air, to, or from, liquid-to-air heat exchangers F01P11/12Filtering, cooling, or silencing cooling-air F01P11/14Indicating devicesOther safety devices F01P11/16concerning coolant temperature F01P11/20 takes precedence F01P11/18concerning coolant pressure, coolant flow, or liquid-coolant level F01P11/20concerning atmospheric freezing conditions, e.g. automatically draining or heating during frosty weather F01P2011/205using heat-accumulators F01P2023/00 F01P2023/00Signal processingDetails thereof F01P2023/08MicroprocessorMicrocomputer F01P2025/00Air coolingLiquid cooling propelling cooling-air or liquid coolants F01P5/00; controlling supply or circulation of coolants F01P7/00; cylinders, pistons, valves, fuel injectors, sparking-plugs, or other engine or machine parts, modified to facilitate cooling, see the relevant classes for such parts F01P2025/00Measuring F01P2025/04Pressure F01P2025/06for determining flow F01P2025/08Temperature F01P2025/12Cabin temperature F01P2025/13Ambient temperature F01P2025/30Engine incoming fluid temperature F01P2025/31Cylinder temperature F01P2025/32Engine outcoming fluid temperature F01P2025/33Cylinder head temperature F01P2025/34Heat exchanger incoming fluid temperature F01P2025/36Heat exchanger mixed fluid temperature F01P2025/40Oil temperature F01P2025/42Intake manifold temperature F01P2025/44Outlet manifold temperature F01P2025/46Engine parts temperature F01P2025/48Engine room temperature F01P2025/50using two or more temperature sensors F01P2025/52Heat exchanger temperature F01P2025/60Operating parameters F01P2025/62Load F01P2025/64Number of revolutions F01P2025/66Vehicle speed F01P2025/70Level F01P2025/80Concentration anti-freeze F01P2031/00Fail safe F01P2031/16using melting materials F01P2031/18Detecting fluid leaks F01P2031/20Warning devices F01P2031/22using warning lamps F01P2031/24for freezing F01P2031/30Cooling after the engine is stopped F01P2031/32Deblocking of damaged thermostat F01P2031/34Limping home F01P2031/36Failure of coolant pump F01P2037/00Controlling F01P2037/02starting F01P2050/00Applications F01P2050/02Marine engines F01P2050/04using direct cooling F01P2050/06using liquid-to-liquid heat exchangers F01P2050/08Engine room F01P2050/10Z-type engine F01P2050/12Outboard engine F01P2050/16Motor-cycles F01P2050/20Aircraft engines F01P2050/22Motor-cars F01P2050/24Hybrid vehicles F01P2050/30Circuit boards F01P2060/00Cooling circuits using auxiliaries F01P2060/02Intercooler F01P2060/04Lubricant cooler F01P2060/045for transmissions F01P2060/06Retarder F01P2060/08Cabin heater F01P2060/10Fuel manifold F01P2060/12Turbo charger F01P2060/14Condenser F01P2060/16Outlet manifold F01P2060/18Heater F01P2060/185for alternators or generators F01P2070/00Details F01P2070/02using shape memory alloys F01P2070/04using electrical heating elements F01P2070/06Using intake pressure as actuating fluid F01P2070/08Using lubricant pressure as actuating fluid F01P2070/10using electrical or electromechanical means F01P2070/30Rotating radiators F01P2070/32Ring-shaped heat exchangers F01P2070/50mounting fans to heat-exchangers F01P2070/52mounting heat-exchangers