B28CPREPARING CLAYPRODUCING MIXTURES CONTAINING CLAY OR CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER preparing material for foundry moulds B22C5/00 In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: "cement" or "mixtures of cement with other substance" includes plaster;"clay" includes like ceramic compositions.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B28C1/00 B28C1/00Apparatus or methods for obtaining or processing clay filtration in general B01D; separation of solids from solids B03, B07; chemical part C04B; by mining or quarrying E21C41/16, E21C41/26, E21C47/10 B28C1/003Plant; Methods B28C1/006Methods B28C1/02for producing or processing clay suspensions , e.g. slipproducing or processing suspensions in general B01 B28C1/04Producing suspensions, e.g. by blunging or mixing; with means for removing stones B28C1/06Processing suspensions , i.e. after mixing B28C1/08Separating suspensions, e.g. for obtaining clay, for removing stones; Cleaning clay slurries B28C1/082Dewatering B28C1/088 takes precedence; Using sieves B28C1/084De-aerating B28C1/086Washing B28C1/088by centrifugal force B28C1/10for processing clay-containing substances in non-fluid condition clay slurries B28C1/02 ; Plants B28C1/12Storing and conditioning in storageSpecially adapted storage spaces or devices for their filling or emptying; Tower structures for the storage of clayfeeding clay to shaping apparatus B28B13/00 B28C1/14specially adapted for homogenising, comminuting or conditioning clay in non-fluid condition or for separating undesired admixtures therefrom processes involving conversion to a slurry B28C1/02; conditioning in storage B28C1/12; comminuting in general B02C; chemical features in eliminating iron or lime C04B B28C1/16for homogenising, e.g. by mixing, kneading ; forcing through slots B28C1/18for comminuting clay lumps B28C1/182by forcing the clay through screens or slots, e.g. using screw or rolls B28C1/185on cylindrical or conical surfaces, e.g. on rotating drums B28C1/187using co-operating rotating elements, e.g. cutters B28C1/20for separating undesired admixed bodies , e.g. stones B28C1/203by forcing the clay through screens or slots, e.g. having exchangeable screens or slots B28C1/206on cylindrical or conical surfaces, e.g. on rotating drums B28C1/22combined with means for conditioning by heating, humidifying, or vacuum treatment , by cooling, by sub-atmospheric pressure treatment B28C1/222by moistening, e.g. by steam B28C1/225by degassing, de-aerating B28C1/227by heating, drying B28C3/00Mixing clay or cement with other material general arrangement or layout of plant B28C9/00; mixers in general B01F; concrete paving mixers combined with distributing devices E01C19/00; machines for preparing mixtures of road-metal with bitumen E01C19/10 In groups B28C3/00 - B28C7/00, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "mixing" includes preliminary mixing, e.g. of some of the ingredients final mixing, and agitating the mixture to prevent segregation thereof B28C3/00Apparatus or methods for mixing clay with other substances producing clay suspensions B28C1/02 B28C5/00Apparatus or methods for producing mixtures of cement with other substances, e.g. slurries, mortars, porous or fibrous compositions controlling the mixing apparatus and supplying the ingredients B28C7/00 separating cement from waste concrete B03B9/063 B28C5/003Methods for mixing B28C5/386, B28C5/402 take precedence B28C5/006involving mechanical aspects B28C5/02without using driven mechanical means effecting the mixing B28C5/48 takes precedence B28C5/023using a flexible mat or bag B28C5/026Mixing guns or nozzles; Injector mixers applying plaster by gas pressure E04F21/12; both conveying and distributing concrete E04G21/04; conveying concrete B65G53/32; accelerating or decelerating material flow in troughs or tubes B65G53/58 B28C5/04Gravitational mixingMixing by intermingling streams of ingredients B28C5/026 takes precedence ; ingredients projected by fluid pressure B28C5/06 B28C5/06the mixing being effected by the action of a fluid in combination with driven mechanical means, producing cellular concrete B28C5/38 B28C5/08using driven mechanical means affecting the mixing B28C5/40, B28C5/42, B28C5/48 take precedence; in combination with the action of a fluid B28C5/38 B28C5/0806Details; Accessories B28C5/0812Drum mixer cover, e.g. lid B28C5/0818Charging or discharging gates or chutes; Sealing means B28C5/0825Drum insulating means B28C5/0831Drives or drive systems, e.g. toothed racks, winches B28C7/0876 takes precedence B28C5/0837Drives for mixers of the tilted-drum type B28C5/085 takes precedence B28C5/0843Drives for drums rotating about a horizontal axis and supported by rotating rollers B28C5/085 takes precedence B28C5/085Hydraulic drives B28C5/0856Supporting frames or structures, e.g. supporting wheels B28C5/0862Adaptations of mixing containers therefor, e.g. use of material, coatings B28C5/0868Mixing apparatus in which a mixing container is hoisted along an inclined or vertical track during mixing to discharge at a higher level B28C5/0875Mixing in separate stages involving different containers for each stage B28C5/0881having a stator-rotor system with intermeshing teeth or cages B28C5/0887provided with sieves or filters B28C5/0893Mobile mixing devices, e.g. hanging B28C5/10Mixing in containers not actuated to effect the mixing B28C5/12with stirrers sweeping through the materials , e.g. with incorporated feeding or discharging means or with oscillating stirrers B28C5/1207with means for elevating the stirrer, e.g. out of the containers B28C5/1215Independent stirrer-drive units, e.g. portable or mounted on a wheelbarrow B28C5/1223discontinuously operating mixing devices, e.g. with consecutive containers B28C5/123with pressure or suction means for discharging B28C5/1238for materials flowing continuously through the mixing device and with incorporated feeding or discharging devices feeding or discharging devices per se B28C5/0818 B28C5/1246with feeding devices B28C5/1276, B28C5/1292 take precedence B28C5/1253with discharging devices B28C5/1276, B28C5/1292 take precedence B28C5/1261Applying pressure for discharging applying pressure during mixing B28C5/462 B28C5/1269for making cellular concrete in general B28C5/381 B28C5/1276with consecutive separate containers with rotating stirring and feeding or discharging means B28C5/1284having a feeding hopper and consecutive vertical or inclined mixing container fed at its upper part B28C5/1292with rotating stirring and feeding or discharging means fixed on the same axis, e.g. in an inclined container fed at its lower part B28C5/14the stirrers having motion about a horizontal or substantially horizontal axis with feeding or discharging means B28C5/12 B28C5/141with container tiltable or elevatable for emptying B28C5/142the stirrer shaft carrying screw-blades B28C5/143for materials flowing continuously through the mixing device B28C5/145with several mixing chambers arranged one after the other B28C5/146with several stirrers with parallel shafts in one container B28C5/145 takes precedence B28C5/147the material being moved perpendicularly to the axis of the shafts B28C5/148the stirrer shaft carrying a plurality of radially extending mixing bars B28C5/16the stirrers having motion about a vertical or steeply inclined axis with feeding or discharging means B28C5/12 B28C5/161in containers tiltable for emptying in containers with inclined axes B28C5/163in annularly-shaped containers B28C5/165with stirrers having planetary motion B28C5/166Pan-type mixers B28C5/168with stirrers having planetary motion B28C5/18Mixing in containers to which motion is imparted to effect the mixing B28C5/1806rotating about an inclined axis about a steeply inclined axis B28C5/26 B28C5/1812with rotating mixing tools B28C5/1818Mobile or portable devices, e.g. on a wheelbarrow B28C5/1887 takes precedence B28C5/1825Mixers of the tilted-drum type, e.g. mixers pivotable about an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation for emptying B28C5/1831to be mounted on a tractor B28C5/1837provided with feeding means, e.g. hoisting skips B28C5/1831, B28C5/185, B28C5/1856 take precedence B28C5/1843having several drums B28C5/185having driven stirrers, e.g. driven from underneath B28C5/1856Details or parts, e.g. drums drives B28C5/0831 B28C5/1862Construction of drum, e.g. provided with mixing blades B28C5/1868with mixing elements held stationary B28C5/1875Tilting means; Locks or brakes therefor B28C5/1881the mixing drums being tilted otherwise than about a fixed axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the drum, e.g. by means of a set of links B28C5/1887Mobile or portable devices, e.g. for use by do-it-yourself enthousiasts B28C5/1893the mixing drum being rotated by pulling it over the ground; the mixing drum or the stirrer being driven by movement of the wheel of a vehicle B28C5/20rotating about a horizontal or substantially horizontal axis during mixing, e.g. without independent stirrers B28C5/2009with multi-compartment drums B28C5/2018Transportable containers, e.g. on a wheelbarrow, to be fixed totally or partly in a mixer, e.g. for rotation therewith B28C5/2027using spiral-shaped mixing drums B28C5/2036with the material travelling through the mixer, the discharge being opposite the feed inlet B28C5/2072, B28C5/22, B28C5/24 take precedence B28C5/2045Parts or components drives B28C5/0831 B28C5/2054Drums, e.g. provided with non-rotary mixing blades B28C5/2009 takes precedence B28C5/2063Drums consisting of axially displaceable halves; Drums having discharging opening on their cylindrical part, e.g. the drum rotating in opposite direction for mixing or for discharging; Drums having a cylindrical part not being a surface of revolution B28C5/2072Feeding or discharging mechanisms B28C5/2081Chutes pivotable about an axis parllel to the plane of the inlet or outlet opening B28C5/209Chutes rotatable about an axis parllel to the drum axis B28C5/22with stirrers held stationary , e.g. the material forming a ring zone by centrifugal force B28C5/24with driven stirrers B28C5/26rotating about a vertical or steeply inclined axis during the mixing , e.g. comprising a flat bottomplate rotating about a vertical axis, co-operating with blades or stirrers B28C5/28without independent stirrers B28C5/30with stirrers held stationary B28C5/32with driven stirrers B28C5/325with several stirrer shafts B28C5/34Mixing on or by conveyors , e.g. by belts or chains provided with mixing elements B28C5/36Endless-belt mixers , i.e. for mixing while transporting the material on an endless belt, e.g. with stationary mixing elements B28C5/365Mixing with driven mixing elements while transporting the mixture on an endless belt B28C5/38wherein the mixing is effected both by the action of a fluid and by directly-acting driven mechanical means, e.g. stirring means ; Producing cellular concrete B28C5/381Producing cellular concrete B28C5/1269 takes precedence; producing foam B01F23/235, B01F23/291 B28C5/383comprising stirrers to effect the mixing B28C5/385Stirrers specially adapted therefor B28C5/386Plants; Systems; Methods B28C5/388Methods B28C5/40Mixing specially adapted for preparing mixtures containing fibres B28C5/402Methods B28C5/404Pre-treatment of fibres B28C5/406and mixing with binding material B28C5/408by spraying fibres and binding material B28C5/42Apparatus specially adapted for being mounted on vehicles with provision for mixing during transport B28C5/1893 takes precedence; mounted on a wheelbarrow B28C5/1215, B28C5/1818, B28C5/2018; vehicle aspect B60P3/16 B28C5/4203Details; Accessories B28C5/4206Control apparatus; Drive systems, e.g. coupled to the vehicle drive-system B28C5/421Drives in general B28C5/0831 B28C5/4213Hydraulic drives B28C5/4217 takes precedence B28C5/4217Drives in combination with drum mountings; Drives directly coupled to the axis of rotating drums B28C5/422Controlling or measuring devices B28C5/4227 takes precedence B28C5/4224Roll-over prevention B28C5/4227Transmission control mechanisms B28C5/4231Proportioning or supplying water in general B28C7/12 B28C5/4234Charge or discharge systems therefor B28C5/4237Charging, e.g. hoppers B28C5/4241having self-charging means, e.g. skips, scoops or buckets, picking up the material from the ground B28C5/4244Discharging; Concrete conveyor means, chutes or spouts therefor in general B28C7/168 B28C5/4248using chutes combined with transporting belts B28C5/4255, combined with pumps or screws B28C5/4258 B28C5/4251telescopic or foldable chutes B28C5/4255using transporting belts, e.g. mounted on a foldable frame B28C5/4258using pumps or transporting screws B28C5/4262Closures; Sealing mechanisms B28C5/4237 takes precedence B28C5/4265Mounting means for drums; Support frames B28C5/4268Drums, e.g. provided with non-rotary mixing blades drums for concrete mixers with horizontal axis B28C5/2054 B28C5/4272with rotating drum rotating about a horizontal or inclined axis, e.g. comprising tilting or raising means for the drum B28C5/4279 takes precedence B28C5/4275with a drum rotating about a horizontal axis, e.g. perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle B28C5/4279with rotating drum and independently-rotating mixing tools B28C5/4282with moving mixing tools in a stationary container B28C5/4286with mixing screw-blades B28C5/4289with stirrers rotating about a vertical axis B28C5/4293with reciprocating or oscillating stirrers B28C5/4296mounted on a tractor or on a tractor wheel for tilted-drum type mixers B28C5/1831; charging thereof B28C5/4237 B28C5/44Apparatus specially adapted for drive by muscle power B28C5/46Arrangements for applying super- or sub-atmospheric pressure during mixingArrangements for cooling or heating during mixing , e.g. by introducing vapour B28C5/462Mixing at sub- or super-atmospheric pressure B28C5/1261 takes precedence B28C5/464at sub-atmospheric pressure B28C5/466Heating, e.g. using steam B28C5/468Cooling, e.g. using ice B28C5/48wherein the mixing is effected by vibrations mixers with vibrating mechanisms in general B01F31/00 B28C5/485with reciprocating or oscillating stirrers; Stirrers therefor B28C5/4293 takes precedence B28C7/00Controlling the operation of apparatus for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other substancesSupplying or proportioning the ingredients for mixing clay or cement with other substancesDischarging the mixture B28C5/42 takes precedence; feeding material in general B65G; proportioning in general G01F, G01G; controlling in general G05 B28C7/0007Pretreatment of the ingredients, e.g. by heating, sorting, grading, drying, disintegrating; Preventing generation of dust B28C7/0015Tagging of the ingredients, e.g. by using ingredient identification means like RFID or labels B28C7/0023by heating or cooling during mixing B28C5/46 B28C7/003Heating, e.g. using steam B28C7/0038Cooling, e.g. using ice B28C7/0046Storage or weighing apparatus for supplying ingredients B28C7/04 takes precedence B28C7/0053Storage containers, e.g. hoppers, silos, bins B28C7/0084 takes precedence B28C7/0061Storage container plant B28C7/0069having compartments B28C7/0076Parts or details thereof, e.g. opening, closing or unloading means B28C7/0084Storage containers or silos mounted on, or specially adapted for transport by, vehicles; Means for erecting containers or silos B28C7/0092Stationary storage means having elements to divide the ground in sectors B28C7/02Controlling the operation of the mixing B28C7/022by measuring the consistency or composition of the mixture, e.g. with supply of a missing component B28C7/024by measuring properties of the mixture, e.g. moisture, electrical resistivity, density B28C7/026by measuring data of the driving system, e.g. rotational speed, torque, consumed power B28C7/028by counting the number of revolutions performed, or by measuring the mixing time B28C7/04Supplying or proportioning the ingredients B28C7/022 takes precedence; forming a predetermined ratio of the components to be mixed, in general B01F35/80 B28C7/0404Proportioning B28C7/0409taking regard of the moisture content of the solid ingredients; Moisture indicators B28C7/0413two or more flows in predetermined ratio B28C7/0418control systems therefor B28C7/0422Weighing predetermined amounts of ingredients, e.g. for consecutive delivery B28C7/0427using a charging-skip, to be hoisted or tilted, provided with weight-indicating means B28C7/0431using a weighing belt or the like B28C7/0436Weighing means specially adapted for use in batching plants B28C7/044Weighing mechanisms specially adapted therefor; Weighing containers other containers B28C7/0046 B28C7/0445using a weighing receptacle, the feeding thereof being automatically suspended after a predetermined weight has been obtained B28C7/045 takes precedence B28C7/045using a weighing receptacle movable between several positions, e.g. moving vertically, horizontally or rotating about an axis B28C7/0427 takes precedence B28C7/0454Volumetric measuring devices, e.g. for consecutively delivering predetermined volumes of ingredients B28C7/0459the ingredients being first supplied into measuring chambers, e.g. containers or skips B28C7/0463Measuring chambers or containers therefor other containers B28C7/0046 B28C7/0468the measuring chambers being provided on a rotating drum B28C7/0472for continuous feeding, e.g. by controlling the velocity of a transporting belt or the thickness of the ingredients on the belt or by regulating the outlet of a hopper B28C7/0477 takes precedence B28C7/0477by using conveyor screws B28C7/0481Plant for proportioning, supplying or batching B28C7/0436, B28C7/0811 take precedence; plant in general B28C9/00 B28C7/0486the plant being mobile B28C7/049and broken-down for transport B28C7/0495with a frame carrying the supplying, proportioning or batching elements, movable between a horizontal transport position and an inclined working position B28C7/06Supplying the solid ingredients, e.g. by means of endless conveyors or jigging conveyors B28C7/061from stationary storage means having elements for dividing the ground sectorially B28C7/0811 takes precedence B28C7/062with a pneumatic or hydraulic conveyor B28C7/064Supply from sacks; Sack openers B28C7/065with a pivotable charging-bin B28C7/068 takes precedence B28C7/067by means of stationary hoppers, chambers or bins from which the material is fed gravitationally, e.g. having agitating means therein hoppers or bins per se B28C7/0053 B28C7/068having means to elevate or hoist a charging-bin or container B28C7/08by means of scrapers or skips B28C7/0805by means of a barrow or the like B28C7/0811from stationary storage means having elements for dividing the ground sectorially B28C7/0817on an endless chain B28C7/0823using manually-operated cable-pulled drag shovels B28C7/0841 takes precedence B28C7/0829using reciprocating cable-suspended drag shovels B28C7/0835using skips to be hoisted along guides or to be tilted, to charge working-site concrete mixers proportioning by means of a skip B28C7/0427, B28C7/0459 B28C7/0841having mechanisms to fill the skip in its lowest position, e.g. by drag shovels, from a hopper B28C7/0847the skips being hoisted along vertical or inclined guides B28C7/0852and being tilted in their upmost position for discharging them at their upper side B28C7/0858the skips being tilted B28C7/0852 takes precedence B28C7/0864about a fixed axis B28C7/087Parts; Accessories, e.g. safety devices B28C7/0876Drives therefor, e.g. winches, hydraulic drives B28C7/0882Skips B28C7/0888Vibration devices, e.g. for facilitating the emptying of the skips B28C7/0894Parts, e.g. winches B28C7/10by means of rotary members , e.g. inclinable screws B28C7/12Supplying or proportioning liquid ingredients B28C7/122by means of a measuring chamber, e.g. container B28C7/124for use with a skip B28C7/126Supply means, e.g. nozzles B28C7/128Nozzles; Valves; Valve-actuating means B28C7/14Supply means incorporated in, or mounted on, mixers B28C7/16Discharge means , e.g. with intermediate storage of fresh concrete B28C7/161with storage reservoirs for temporarily storing the fresh concrete; Charging or discharging devices therefor B28C7/162by means of conveyors, other than those comprising skips or containers, e.g. endless belts, screws, air under pressure B28C7/163using a pump B28C7/165using a fluid, e.g. gas B28C5/06, B28C5/1261 take precedence B28C7/166comprising a lock rotor with pockets for feeding determined quantities of material from a hopper into the driving fluid B28C7/167by means of a screw conveyor B28C7/168Discharging chutes for concrete mixers B28C9/00General arrangement or layout of plant B28C7/0061, B28C7/0481 take precedence B28C9/002Mixing systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Making slurries; Involving methodical aspects; Involving pretreatment of ingredients; Involving packaging B28C9/004Making slurries, e.g. with discharging means for injecting in a well or projecting against a wall B28C9/006comprising a multicompartment silo with the mixing device, e.g. a mixing screw, fitted directly at the underside of the silo, e.g. with proportioning means at the exit of the silo B28C9/008Plant adapted for mixing materials lying on the ground, e.g. in sectors B28C9/0436 takes precedence B28C9/02for producing mixtures of clay or cement with other materials B28C9/04the plant being mobile, e.g. mounted on a carriage or a set of carriagesB28C5/42, B28C9/004, B28C9/006 take precedence B28C9/0409and broken-down for transport B28C9/0445 takes precedence B28C9/0418with a storage silo movable between a horizontal transport position and a vertical working position B28C9/0427with a frame carrying the supplying and mixing elements movable between a horizontal transport position and an inclined working position B28C9/0436Plant adapted for mixing material lying in sectors on the ground B28C9/0445and broken-down for transport B28C9/0454Self-contained units, i.e. mobile plants having storage containers for the ingredients B28C9/0472, B28C9/0481 take precedence B28C9/0463with a mixing discharge trough with a free end, e.g. provided with a mixing screw or pivotable about a vertical or horizontal axis B28C9/0472provided with two or more carriages for storing the ingredients or for the mixing device, e.g. transportable on rails B28C9/0481with means for loading the material from ground level to the mixing device, e.g. with an endless conveyor or a charging skip B28C9/0436 takes precedence B28C9/049with at least a storage compartment for one of the ingredients