B41CPROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OR REPRODUCTION OF PRINTING SURFACES photomechanical processes for producing printing surfaces G03F; photoelectrical processes for producing printing surfaces G03GIn this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B41C1/00 B41C1/00Forme preparation B41C1/003the relief or intaglio pattern being obtained by imagewise deposition of a liquid, e.g. by an ink jet B41C1/006the relief or intaglio pattern being obtained by abrasive means, e.g. by sandblasting B41C1/02EngravingHeads therefor recording on record carriers, heads therefor G11B B41C1/025characterised by means for the liquid etching of substrates for the manufacturing of relief or intaglio printing forms, already provided with resist pattern Attention is drawn to the title of class B41 and to subclass H04N, in particular to the Notes following the title of that subclass and to the group H04N1/00 B41C1/04using heads controlled by an electric information signal B41C1/045Mechanical engraving heads B41C1/05Heat-generating engraving heads, e.g. laser beam, electron beam The fabrication of lithographic forms, screen printing forms or stencils with a laser beam or another high energetic radiation beam is not considered as involving an engraving. The preparation of such forms is covered by B41C1/10 and B41C1/14 B41C1/055Thermographic processes for producing printing formes , e.g. with a thermal print headB41C1/02 takes precedence; fabrication of relief or intaglio plates by ablative recording with a laser beam B41C1/05; production of lithographic forms B41C1/10; producing of screen printing forms or stencils B41C1/14 B41C1/06Transferring B41C1/10, B41C1/18 take precedence B41C1/08by embossing, e.g. with a typewriter typewriters adapted therefor B41J3/38 B41C1/10for lithographic printingMaster sheets for transferring a lithographic image to the forme chemical or electrical pretreatment B41N3/03neutralising or similar differentiation treatments of lithographic printing formes B41N3/08 B41C1/1008by removal or destruction of lithographic material on the lithographic support, e.g. by laser or spark ablation; by the use of materials rendered soluble or insoluble by heat exposure, e.g. by heat produced from a light to heat transforming system; by on-the-press exposure or on-the-press development, e.g. by the fountain of photolithographic materials B41C1/1016characterised by structural details, e.g. protective layers, backcoat layers or several imaging layers B41C1/1025using materials comprising a polymeric matrix containing a polymeric particulate material, e.g. hydrophobic heat coalescing particles B41C1/1033by laser or spark ablation B41C1/1041by modification of the lithographic properties without removal or addition of material, e.g. by the mere generation of a lithographic pattern B41C1/105by electrocoagulation, by electro-adhesion or by electro-releasing of material, e.g. a liquid from a gel B41C1/1058by providing a magnetic pattern, a ferroelectric pattern or a semiconductive pattern, e.g. by electrophotography B41C1/1066by spraying with powders, by using a nozzle, e.g. an ink jet system, by fusing a previously coated powder, e.g. with a laser B41C1/1075Mechanical aspects of on-press plate preparation B41C1/1008 - B41C1/1066 take precedence B41C1/1083Mechanical aspects of off-press plate preparation B41C1/1008 - B41C1/1066 take precedence B41C1/1091by physical transfer from a donor sheet having an uniform coating of lithographic material using thermal means as provided by a thermal head or a laser; by mechanical pressure, e.g. from a typewriter by electrical recording ribbon therefor B41C1/12Multicolour formes B41C1/14for stencil-printing or silk-screen printing B41C1/141by cutting or perforation with mechanical means; Electrical spark cutting B41C1/142using a galvanic or electroless metal deposition processing step B41C1/144by perforation using a thermal head B41C1/145by perforation using an energetic radiation beam, e.g. a laser B41C1/147by imagewise deposition of a liquid, e.g. from an ink jet; Chemical perforation by the hardening or solubilizing of the ink impervious coating or sheet B41C1/148by a traditional thermographic exposure using the heat- or light- absorbing properties of the pattern on the original, e.g. by using a flash B41C1/16Formes with areas rendered ink-resistant by covering with an amalgamPrinting plates for amalgam printing B41C1/18Curved printing formes or printing cylinders B41C1/10, B41C1/14 take precedence B41C1/182Sleeves; Endless belts B41C1/184by transfer of the design to the cylinder, e.g. from a lithographic printing plate; by drawing the pattern on the cylinder; by direct cutting of the pattern on the cylinder B41C1/186by casting B41C1/188characterised by means for liquid etching of cylinders already provided with resist pattern B41C3/00Reproduction or duplicating of printing formes B41C3/02Stereotyping casting stereotype plates B41D3/00 B41C3/04to produce rubber printing blocks B41C3/06to produce printing blocks from plastics B41C3/08ElectrotypingApplication of backing layers thereon B41C2201/00 B41C2201/00Location, type or constituents of the non-imaging layers in lithographic printing formes B41C2201/02Cover layersProtective layers B41C2201/04Intermediate layers B41C2201/06BackcoatsBack layers B41C2201/10characterised by inorganic compounds, e.g. pigments B41C2201/12characterised by non-macromolecular organic compounds B41C2201/14characterised by macromolecular organic compounds, e.g. binder, adhesives B41C2210/00Preparation or type or constituents of the imaging layers, in relation to lithographic printing forme preparation B41C2210/02Positive working, i.e. the exposed (imaged) areas are removed B41C2210/04Negative working, i.e. the non-exposed (non-imaged) areas are removed B41C2210/06Developable by an alkaline solution B41C2210/08Developable by water or the fountain solution B41C2210/10Developable by an acidic solution B41C2210/12Developable by an organic solution B41C2210/14Multiple imaging layers B41C2210/16Waterless working, i.e. ink repelling exposed (imaged) or non-exposed (non-imaged) areas, not requiring fountain solution or water, e.g. dry lithography or driography B41C2210/20characterised by inorganic additives, e.g. pigments, salts B41C2210/22characterised by organic non-macromolecular additives, e.g. dyes, UV-absorbers, plasticisers B41C2210/24characterised by a macromolecular compound or binder obtained by reactions involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. acrylics, vinyl polymers B41C2210/26characterised by a macromolecular compound or binder obtained by reactions not involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds B41C2210/262Phenolic condensation polymers, e.g. novolacs, resols B41C2210/264PolyestersPolycarbonates B41C2210/266PolyurethanesPolyureas