G03GELECTROGRAPHYELECTROPHOTOGRAPHYMAGNETOGRAPHY information storage based on relative movement between record carrier and transducer G11B; static stores with means for writing-in or reading-out information G11C; recording of television signals H04N5/76 This subclass covers: the production of permanent directly-visible pictures in conformity with an original picture or document, using an intermediate imagewise distribution of an electric or magnetic quantity, such as a charge pattern, an electric conductivity pattern, or a magnetic pattern; the production of permanent directly-visible pictures using an intermediate imagewise distribution of an electric or magnetic quantity, when the origin and the way of generating said intermediate distribution are not relevant. This subclass does not cover: use of electric signals for the transmission of the picture information from the original to the reproduction, i.e. pictorial communication, which is covered by subclass H04N;production of pictures by heat patterns exclusively, not using an electrostatic or magnetic pattern, which is covered by group B41M5/00; production of prints by transferring ink from a printing form to a printing surface, without physical contact and using the force of an electrostatic field, which is covered by subclass B41M;selective printing mechanisms characterised by the selective supply of electric current, or the selective application of magnetism or radiation, to a printing material or impression-transfer material, which are covered by groups B41J2/385, B41J2/435. In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. G03G5/00 G03G5/00Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electronsManufacture thereofSelection of materials therefor recording surfaces for measuring apparatus G01D15/34; photosensitive materials for photographic purposes G03C G03G5/005Materials for treating the recording members, e.g. for cleaning, reactivating, polishing G03G5/02Charge-receiving layers G03G5/153 takes precedence G03G5/0202Dielectric layers for electrography G03G5/0205Macromolecular components G03G5/0208obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds G03G5/0211obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G5/0214Organic non-macromolecular components G03G5/0217Inorganic components G03G5/022Layers for surface-deformation imaging, e.g. frost imaging G03G5/024Photoelectret layers G03G5/026Layers in which during the irradiation a chemical reaction occurs whereby electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for chemixerography G03G5/028Layers in which after being exposed to heat patterns electrically conductive patterns are formed in the layers, e.g. for thermoxerography G03G5/04Photoconductive layersCharge-generation layers or charge-transporting layersAdditives thereforBinders therefor G03G5/043Photoconductive layers characterised by having two or more layers or characterised by their composite structure G03G5/0433all layers being inorganic G03G5/0436combining organic and inorganic layers G03G5/047characterised by the charge-generation layers or charge transport layers G03G5/0433 and G03G5/0436 take precedence G03G5/05Organic bonding materialsMethods for coating a substrate with a photoconductive layerInert supplements for use in photoconductive layers G03G5/0503Inert supplements G03G5/0507Inorganic compounds G03G5/051Organic non-macromolecular compounds G03G5/0514not comprising cyclic groups G03G5/0517comprising one or more cyclic groups consisting of carbon-atoms only G03G5/0521comprising one or more heterocyclic groups G03G5/0525Coating methods G03G5/0528Macromolecular bonding materials In groups G03G5/0528 - G03G5/0596, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a polymer is classified in the last appropriate place G03G5/0532obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds G03G5/0535Polyolefins; Polystyrenes; Waxes G03G5/0539Halogenated polymers G03G5/0542Polyvinylalcohol, polyallylalcohol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polyvinylesters, polyvinylethers, polyvinylamines G03G5/0546Polymers comprising at least one carboxyl radical, e.g. polyacrylic acid, polycrotonic acid, polymaleic acid; Derivatives thereof, e.g. their esters, salts, anhydrides, nitriles, amides G03G5/055Polymers containing hetero rings in the side chain G03G5/0553Polymers derived from conjugated double bonds containing monomers, e.g. polybutadiene; Rubbers G03G5/0557obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsatured bonds G03G5/056Polyesters G03G5/0564Polycarbonates G03G5/0567Other polycondensates comprising oxygen atoms in the main chain; Phenol resins G03G5/0571Polyamides; Polyimides G03G5/0575Other polycondensates comprising nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen atoms in the main chain G03G5/0578Polycondensates comprising silicon atoms in the main chain G03G5/0582Polycondensates comprising sulfur atoms in the main chain G03G5/0585Cellulose and derivatives G03G5/0589Macromolecular compounds characterised by specific side-chain substituents or end groups G03G5/0592Macromolecular compounds characterised by their structure or by their chemical properties, e.g. block polymers, reticulated polymers, molecular weight, acidity G03G5/0596Macromolecular compounds characterised by their physical properties G03G5/06characterised by the photoconductive material being organic In groups G03G5/06 - G03G5/0698, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, an invention is classified in the last appropriate place G03G5/0601Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds G03G5/0603containing halogens G03G5/0605Carbocyclic compounds G03G5/0607containing at least one non-six-membered ring G03G5/0609containing oxygen G03G5/0611Squaric acid G03G5/0612containing nitrogen G03G5/0614Amines G03G5/06142arylamine G03G5/06144diamine G03G5/061443benzidine G03G5/061446terphenyl-diamine G03G5/06145triamine or greater G03G5/06147alkenylarylamine G03G5/061473plural alkenyl groups linked directly to the same aryl group G03G5/06149enamine G03G5/0616Hydrazines; Hydrazones G03G5/0618containing oxygen and nitrogen G03G5/062containing non-metal elements other than hydrogen, halogen, oxygen or nitrogen G03G5/0622Heterocyclic compounds G03G5/0624containing one hetero ring G03G5/0625being three- or four-membered G03G5/0627being five-membered G03G5/0629containing one hetero atom G03G5/0631containing two hetero atoms G03G5/0633containing three hetero atoms G03G5/0635being six-membered G03G5/0637containing one hetero atom G03G5/0638containing two hetero atoms G03G5/064containing three hetero atoms G03G5/0642being more than six-membered G03G5/0644containing two or more hetero rings G03G5/0646in the same ring system G03G5/0648containing two relevant rings G03G5/065containing three relevant rings G03G5/0651containing four relevant rings G03G5/0653containing five relevant rings G03G5/0655containing six relevant rings G03G5/0657containing seven relevant rings G03G5/0659containing more than seven relevant rings G03G5/0661in different ring systems, each system containing at least one hetero ring G03G5/0662containing metal elementsAlcoholates, phenates or organic acid salts of alkali or alkaline earth metals are classified as the parent compounds G03G5/0664Dyes G03G5/0666containing a methine or polymethine group G03G5/0668containing only one methine or polymethine group G03G5/067containing hetero rings G03G5/0672containing two or more methine or polymethine groups G03G5/0674containing hetero rings G03G5/0675Azo dyes G03G5/0677Monoazo dyes G03G5/0679Disazo dyes G03G5/0681containing hetero rings in the part of the molecule between the azo-groups G03G5/0683containing polymethine or anthraquinone groups G03G5/0685containing hetero rings in the part of the molecule between the azo-groups G03G5/0687Trisazo dyes G03G5/0688containing hetero rings G03G5/069containing polymethine or anthraquinone groups G03G5/0692containing hetero rings G03G5/0694containing more than three azo groups G03G5/0696Phthalocyanines G03G5/0698Compounds of unspecified structure characterised by a substituent only G03G5/07Polymeric photoconductive materials G03G5/071obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G5/078 takes precedence G03G5/072comprising pending monoamine groups G03G5/073comprising pending carbazole groups G03G5/0732comprising pending alkenylarylamine G03G5/074comprising pending diamine G03G5/0745comprising pending hydrazone G03G5/075obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G5/078 takes precedence G03G5/076having a photoconductive moiety in the polymer backbone G03G5/0763comprising arylamine moiety G03G5/0764triarylamine G03G5/0765alkenylarylamine G03G5/0766benzidine G03G5/0767comprising hydrazone moiety G03G5/078comprising silicon atoms G03G5/08characterised by the photoconductive material being inorganic G03G5/082and not being incorporated in a bonding material, e.g. vacuum deposited G03G5/08207Selenium-based G03G5/08214Silicon-based G03G5/08221comprising one or two silicon based layers G03G5/08228at least one with varying composition G03G5/08235comprising three or four silicon-based layers G03G5/08242at least one with varying composition G03G5/0825comprising five or six silicon-based layers G03G5/08257at least one with varying composition G03G5/08264comprising seven or more silicon-based layers G03G5/08271at least one with varying composition G03G5/08278Depositing methods G03G5/08285Carbon-based in ad mixture with Si G03G5/08214 G03G5/08292Germanium-based in ad mixture with Si G03G5/08214 G03G5/085and being incorporated in an inorganic bonding material, e.g. glass-like layers G03G5/087and being incorporated in an organic bonding material G03G5/09Sensitisors or activators, e.g. dyestuffs G03G5/12 takes precedence G03G5/10Bases for charge-receiving or other layers G03G5/101Paper bases G03G5/102, G03G5/104, G03G5/105 take precedence G03G5/102consisting of or comprising metals G03G5/104comprising inorganic material other than metals, e.g. salts, oxides, carbon G03G5/105comprising electroconductive macromolecular compounds G03G5/107the electroconductive macromolecular compounds being cationic G03G5/108the electroconductive macromolecular compounds being anionic G03G5/12Recording members for multicolour processes G03G5/14Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers G03G5/04 takes precedence G03G5/142Inert intermediate layers G03G5/144comprising inorganic material G03G5/147Cover layers G03G5/14704comprising inorganic material G03G5/14708comprising organic material G03G5/14713Macromolecular material In groups G03G5/14713 - G03G5/14795, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, a polymer is classified in the last appropriate place G03G5/14717obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G5/14721Polyolefins; Polystyrenes; Waxes G03G5/14726Halogenated polymers G03G5/1473Polyvinylalcohol, polyallylalcohol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polyvinylesters, polyvinylethers, polyvinylamines G03G5/14734Polymers comprising at least one carboxyl radical, e.g. polyacrylic acid, polycrotonic acid, polymaleic acid; Derivatives thereof, e.g. their esters, salts, anhydrides, nitriles, amides G03G5/14739Polymers containing hereto rings in the side chain G03G5/14743Polymers derived from conjugated double bonds containing monomers, e.g. polybutadiene; Rubbers G03G5/14747obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G5/14752Polyesters G03G5/14756Polycarbonates G03G5/1476Other polycondensates comprising oxygen atoms in the main chain; Phenol resins G03G5/14765Polyamides; Polyimides G03G5/14769Other polycondensates comprising nitrogen atoms with or without oxygen atoms in the main chain G03G5/14773Polycondensates comprising silicon atoms in the main chain G03G5/14778Polycondensates comprising sulfur atoms in the main chain G03G5/14782Cellulose and derivatives G03G5/14786Macromolecular compounds characterised by specific side-chain substituents or end groups G03G5/14791Macromolecular compounds characterised by their structure, e.g. block polymers, reticulated polymers, or by their chemical properties, e.g. by molecular weight or acidity G03G5/14795Macromolecular compounds characterised by their physical properties G03G5/153Charge-receiving layers combined with additional photo- or thermo-sensitive, but not photoconductive, layers, e.g. silver-salt layers G03G5/16Layers for recording by changing the magnetic properties, e.g. for Curie-point-writing G03G7/00Selection of materials for use in image-receiving members, i.e. for reversal by physical contactManufacture thereof photosensitive materials for photographic purposes G03C G03G7/0006Cover layers for image-receiving members; Strippable coversheets G03G7/0013Inorganic components thereof G03G7/002Organic components thereof G03G7/0026being macromolecular G03G7/0033Natural products or derivatives thereof, e.g. cellulose, proteins G03G7/004obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G7/0046obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G7/0053Intermediate layers for image-receiving members G03G7/006Substrates for image-receiving members; Image-receiving members comprising only one layer G03G7/0066Inorganic components thereof G03G7/0073Organic components thereof G03G7/008being macromolecular G03G7/0086Back layers for image-receiving members; Strippable backsheets G03G7/0093Image-receiving members, based on materials other than paper or plastic sheets, e.g. textiles, metals G03G8/00Layers covering the final reproduction, e.g. for protecting, for writing thereon G03G9/00Developers G03G9/06the developer being electrolytic G03G9/08with toner particlesIn the subgroups of G03G9/0802 - G03G9/1355, the last place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place.In the subgroups of G03G9/0835 - G03G9/0839, G03G9/08786 - G03G9/08797, G03G9/0926 - G03G9/0928 and G03G9/10 - G03G9/10884 the common rule is applied. G03G9/0802Preparation methods G03G9/0804whereby the components are brought together in a liquid dispersing medium G03G9/0806whereby chemical synthesis of at least one of the toner components takes place G03G9/0808by dry mixing the toner components in solid or softened state G03G9/081by mixing the toner components in a liquefied state; melt kneading; reactive mixing G03G9/0812Pretreatment of components G03G9/0815Post-treatment G03G9/0817Separation; Classifying G03G9/0819characterised by the dimensions of the particles G03G9/0821characterised by physical parameters magnetic parameters G03G9/083 G03G9/0823Electric parameters G03G9/0825characterised by their structure; characterised by non-homogenuous distribution of components microcapsular toners G03G9/093 G03G9/0827characterised by their shape, e.g. degree of sphericity G03G9/083Magnetic toner particles G03G9/0831Chemical composition of the magnetic components G03G9/0832Metals G03G9/0833Oxides G03G9/0834Non-magnetic inorganic compounds chemically incorporated in magnetic components G03G9/0835Magnetic parameters of the magnetic components G03G9/0836Other physical parameters of the magnetic components G03G9/0837Structural characteristics of the magnetic components, e.g. shape, crystallographic structure G03G9/0838Size of magnetic components G03G9/0839Treatment of the magnetic components; Combination of the magnetic components with non-magnetic materials G03G9/0834 takes precedence G03G9/087Binders for toner particles G03G9/08702comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/08704Polyalkenes G03G9/08706Polymers of alkenyl-aromatic compounds G03G9/08708Copolymers of styrene G03G9/08711with esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid G03G9/08713Polyvinylhalogenides G03G9/08715containing chlorine, bromine or iodine G03G9/08717Polyvinylchloride G03G9/0872containing fluorine G03G9/08722Polyvinylalcohols; Polyallylalcohols; Polyvinylethers; Polyvinylaldehydes; Polyvinylketones; Polyvinylketals G03G9/08724Polyvinylesters G03G9/08726Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof G03G9/08728Polymers of esters G03G9/08731Polymers of nitriles G03G9/08733Polymers of unsaturated polycarboxylic acids G03G9/08735Polymers of unsaturated cyclic compounds having no unsaturated aliphatic groups in a side-chain, e.g. coumarone-indene resins G03G9/08737Polymers derived from conjugated dienes G03G9/0874Polymers comprising hetero rings in the side chains G03G9/08742comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/08744Polyacetals G03G9/08746Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones G03G9/08748Phenoplasts G03G9/08751Aminoplasts G03G9/08753Epoxyresins G03G9/08755Polyesters G03G9/08757Polycarbonates G03G9/08759Polyethers G03G9/08762Other polymers having oxygen as the only heteroatom in the main chain G03G9/08764Polyureas; Polyurethanes G03G9/08766Polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides G03G9/08768Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only G03G9/08771Polymers having sulfur in the main chain, with or without oxygen, nitrogen or carbon only G03G9/08773Polymers having silicon in the main chain, with or without sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen or carbon only G03G9/08775Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof G03G9/08777Cellulose or derivatives thereof G03G9/08779Natural rubber G03G9/08782Waxes G03G9/08784Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775 G03G9/08786Graft polymers G03G9/08788Block polymers G03G9/08791characterised by the presence of specified groups or side chains G03G9/08793Crosslinked polymers G03G9/08795characterised by their chemical properties, e.g. acidity, molecular weight, sensitivity to reactants G03G9/08797characterised by their physical properties, e.g. viscosity, solubility, melting temperature, softening temperature, glass transition temperature G03G9/09Colouring agents for toner particles G03G9/0902Inorganic compounds G03G9/0904Carbon black G03G9/0906Organic dyes G03G9/0908Anthracene dyes G03G9/091Azo dyes G03G9/0912Indigoid; Diaryl and Triaryl methane; Oxyketone dyes G03G9/0914Acridine; Azine; Oxazine; Thiazine-;(Xanthene-) dyes G03G9/0916Quinoline; Polymethine dyes G03G9/0918Phthalocyanine dyes G03G9/092Quinacridones G03G9/0922Formazane dyes; Nitro and Nitroso dyes; Quinone imides; Azomethine dyes G03G9/0924Dyes characterised by specific substituents G03G9/0926characterised by physical or chemical properties G03G9/0928Compounds capable to generate colouring agents by chemical reaction G03G9/093Encapsulated toner particles G03G9/09307specified by the shell material G03G9/09314Macromolecular compounds G03G9/09321obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/09328obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/09335Non-macromolecular organic compounds G03G9/09342Inorganic compounds G03G9/0935specified by the core material G03G9/09357Macromolecular compounds G03G9/09364obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/09371obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/09378Non-macromolecular organic compounds G03G9/09385Inorganic compounds G03G9/09392Preparation thereof G03G9/097PlasticisersCharge controlling agents G03G9/09708Inorganic compounds G03G9/09716treated with organic compounds G03G9/09725Silicon-oxides; Silicates G03G9/09733Organic compounds G03G9/08782 takes precedence G03G9/09741cationic G03G9/0975anionic G03G9/09758comprising a heterocyclic ring G03G9/09766comprising fluorine G03G9/09775containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen or oxygen G03G9/09741 - G03G9/09766 take precedence G03G9/09783Organo-metallic compounds G03G9/09791Metallic soaps of higher carboxylic acids G03G9/10characterised by carrier particles G03G9/103Glass particles G03G9/107having magnetic components G03G9/1075Structural characteristics of the carrier particles, e.g. shape or crystallographic structure G03G9/108Ferrite carrier, e.g. magnetite G03G9/1085with non-ferrous metal oxide, e.g. MgO-Fe₂O₃ G03G9/1087Specified elemental magnetic metal or alloy, e.g. alnico comprising iron, nickel, cobalt, and aluminum, or permalloy comprising iron and nickel G03G9/1088Binder-type carrier G03G9/10882Binder is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/10884Binder is obtained other than by reactions only involving carbon-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/113having coatings applied thereto G03G9/1131Coating methods; Structure of coatings G03G9/1132Macromolecular components of coatings G03G9/1133obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/1134containing fluorine atoms G03G9/1135obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/1136containing silicon atoms G03G9/1137being crosslinked G03G9/1138Non-macromolecular organic components of coatings G03G9/1139Inorganic components of coatings G03G9/12in liquid developer mixtures G03G9/122characterised by the colouring agents G03G9/125characterised by the liquid G03G9/13characterised by polymer components G03G9/131obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/132obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds G03G9/133Graft-or block polymers G03G9/135characterised by stabiliser or charge-controlling agents G03G9/1355Ionic, organic compounds G03G9/16Developers not provided for in groups G03G9/06 - G03G9/135, e.g. solutions, aerosols G03G9/18Differentially wetting liquid developers G03G11/00Selection of substances for use as fixing agents G03G13/00Electrographic processes using a charge pattern G03G15/00, G03G16/00, G03G17/00 take precedence Group G03G15/00 also deals with processes in so far as they are characterised by the use or manipulation of apparatus classifiable per se in group G03G15/00 and therefor takes precedence G03G13/01for multicoloured copies colour correction on photography G03B27/725; picture communication systems H04N1/46 G03G13/013characterised by the developing step, e.g. the properties of the colour developers G03G13/0131developing using a step for liquid development, e.g. plural liquid color developers G03G13/0133developing using a step for deposition of subtractive colorant developing compositions, e.g. cyan, magenta and yellow G03G13/0135developing using a step for deposition of five or more developing compositions of different colors, excluding black, e.g. pentachrome printing or hexachrome printing G03G13/0137developing using a step for deposition of security developing composition, e.g. fluorescent colorants, decolorizable colorants or magnetic ink character recognition toners [MICR] G03G13/0139developing using a step for clear toner deposition, e.g. for regulating gloss or supplying protective coatings G03G13/016in which the colour powder image is formed directly on the recording material, e.g. DEP methods G03G13/02Sensitising, i.e. laying-down a uniform charge devices for corona discharge per se H01T19/00 G03G13/025by contact, friction or induction G03G13/04Exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording material G03G13/045Charging or discharging distinct portions of the charge pattern on the recording material, e.g. discharging non-image areas, contrast enhancement G03G13/34, G03G15/36, G03G21/06 take precedence G03G13/05Imagewise charging, i.e. laying-down a charge in the configuration of an original image using a modulated stream of charged particles, e.g. of corona ions, modulated by a photoconductive control screen bearing a charge pattern or by optically activated charging means using charging means controlled by electric image signals B41J G03G13/054using X-rays, e.g. electroradiography G03G13/056using internal polarisation G03G13/06Developing G03G13/08using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer G03G13/09using magnetic brush G03G13/095Removing excess solid developer G03G13/10using a liquid developer , e.g. liquid suspension G03G13/11Removing excess liquid developer, e.g. by heat G03G13/14Transferring a pattern to a second base G03G13/16of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern G03G13/18of a charge pattern G03G13/20Fixing, e.g. by using heat G03G13/22Processes involving a combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 G03G13/01 takes precedence G03G13/23specially adapted for copying both sides of an original or for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material G03G13/24whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously G03G13/26for the production of printing plates for non-xerographic printing processes G03G13/28Planographic printing plates G03G13/283obtained by a process including the transfer of a tonered image, i.e. indirect process G03G13/286for dry lithography G03G13/30Hectographic masters G03G13/32Relief printing plates G03G13/34Editing, i.e. producing a composite image by copying one or more original images or parts thereof G03G15/00Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern G03G16/00, G03G17/00 take precedence ; xerographic printers for data processors per se G06K15/14 G03G15/01for producing multicoloured copies colour correction in photography G03C; colour correction in printing plate production G03G15/0105Details of unit G03G15/011for exposing G03G15/0115and forming a half-tone image G03G15/0121for developing G03G15/0126using a solid developer G03G15/0131for transferring a pattern to a second base G03G15/0136transfer member separable from recording member or vice versa, mode switching G03G15/0142Structure of complete machines G03G15/0147using a single reusable electrographic recording member G03G15/0152onto which the monocolour toner images are superposed before common transfer from the recording member G03G15/0157with special treatment between monocolour image formation G03G15/0163primary transfer to the final recording medium G03G15/0168single rotation of recording member to produce multicoloured copy G03G15/0163 takes precedence G03G15/0173plural rotations of recording member to produce multicoloured copy, e.g. rotating set of developing units G03G15/0163 takes precedence G03G15/0178using more than one reusable electrographic recording member, e.g. one for every monocolour image G03G15/0184at least one recording member having plural associated developing units G03G15/0189primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt G03G15/0184 takes precedence G03G15/0194primary transfer to the final recording medium G03G15/0184 takes precedence G03G15/02for laying down a uniform charge, e.g. for sensitisingCorona discharge devices G03G15/14 takes precedence G03G15/0208by contact, friction or induction, e.g. liquid charging apparatus G03G15/0216by bringing a charging member into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. roller, brush chargers G03G15/0225provided with means for cleaning the charging member G03G15/0233Structure, details of the charging member, e.g. chemical composition, surface properties G03G15/0241by bringing charging powder particles into contact with the member to be charged, e.g. by means of a magnetic brush G03G15/025by bringing a charging member in the vicinity with the member to be charged, e.g. proximity charging, forming microgap G03G15/0258provided with means for the maintenance of the charging apparatus, e.g. cleaning devices, ozone removing devices G03G15/0225, G03G15/0291 takes precedence G03G15/0266Arrangements for controlling the amount of charge G03G15/0275Arrangements for controlling the area of the photoconductor to be charged G03G15/0283Arrangements for supplying power to the sensitising device G03G15/0291corona discharge devices, e.g. wires, pointed electrodes, means for cleaning the corona discharge device G03G15/04for exposing, i.e. imagewise exposure by optically projecting the original image on a photoconductive recording materialThe original image is obtained by direct optical projection or received from other sources, e.g. by computer modified or generated image data, by scanning , e.g. digital copiers G03G15/04009by forming an intermediate temporary image projected one or more times G03G15/04018Image composition, e.g. adding or superposing informations on the original image composition of facsimile picture signals H04N1/387 G03G15/04027and forming half-tone image G03G15/04036Details of illuminating systems, e.g. lamps, reflectors lamp housings for copying cameras, reflex exposure lighting G03B27/542 G03G15/04045for exposing image information provided otherwise than by directly projecting the original image onto the photoconductive recording material, e.g. digital copiers G03G15/041, G03G15/043 take precedence G03G15/04054by LED arrays G03G15/04063by EL-bars G03G15/04072by laser G03G15/04081Exposure from behind the photoconductive surface G03G15/0409Details of projection optics for projection printing apparatus G03B27/522 G03G15/041with variable magnification G03G15/0415and means for controlling illumination or exposure G03G15/043with means for controlling illumination or exposure G03G15/041 takes precedence G03G15/0435by introducing an optical element in the optical path, e.g. a filter G03G15/045with means for charging or discharging distinct portions of the charge pattern on the recording material, e.g. for contrast enhancement or discharging non-image areas G03G15/36, G03G21/06 take precedence G03G15/047for discharging non-image areas G03G15/05for imagewise charging, e.g. photoconductive control screen, optically activated charging means charging means controlled by electric image signals B41J G03G15/051by modulating an ion flow through a photoconductive screen onto which a charge image has been formed G03G15/052Details and conditioning means of the screen, e.g. cleaning means, ozone removing means G03G15/054using X-rays, e.g. electroradiography G03G15/0545Ionography, i.e. X-rays induced liquid or gas discharge G03G15/056using internal polarisation G03G15/06for developing G03G15/065Arrangements for controlling the potential of the developing electrode G03G15/08using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer G03G15/0801for cascading G03G15/0803in a powder cloud G03G15/0805on a brush G03G15/09 takes precedence G03G15/0806on a donor element, e.g. belt, roller complete developer unit G03G15/0896 G03G15/0808characterised by the developer supplying means, e.g. structure of developer supply roller G03G15/081characterised by the developer handling means after the supply and before the regulating, e.g. means for preventing developer blocking G03G15/0812characterised by the developer regulating means, e.g. structure of doctor blade G03G15/0813characterised by means in the developing zone having an interaction with the image carrying member, e.g. distance holders G03G15/0815characterised by the developer handling means after the developing zone and before the supply, e.g. developer recovering roller G03G15/0817characterised by the lateral sealing at both sides of the donor member with respect to the developer carrying direction G03G15/0818characterised by the structure of the donor member, e.g. surface properties G03G15/082for immersion G03G15/0822Arrangements for preparing, mixing, supplying or dispensing developer G03G15/0844Arrangements for purging used developer from the developing unit G03G15/0848Arrangements for testing or measuring developer properties or quality, e.g. charge, size, flowability G03G15/0849Detection or control means for the developer concentration G03G15/0851the concentration being measured by electrical means G03G15/0853the concentration being measured by magnetic means G03G15/0855the concentration being measured by optical means G03G15/0856Detection or control means for the developer level G03G15/0858the level being measured by mechanical means G03G15/086the level being measured by electro-magnetic means G03G15/0862the level being measured by optical means G03G15/0863provided with identifying means or means for storing process- or use parameters, e.g. an electronic memory G03G15/0865Arrangements for supplying new developer G03G15/0867cylindrical developer cartridges, e.g. toner bottles for the developer replenishing opening G03G15/0868Toner cartridges fulfilling a continuous function within the electrographic apparatus during the use of the supplied developer material, e.g. toner discharge on demand, storing residual toner, acting as an active closure for the developer replenishing opening G03G15/087Developer cartridges having a longitudinal rotational axis, around which at least one part is rotated when mounting or using the cartridge G03G15/0872the developer cartridges being generally horizontally mounted parallel to its longitudinal rotational axis G03G15/0874non-rigid containers, e.g. foldable cartridges, bags G03G15/0875cartridges having a box like shape G03G15/0877Arrangements for metering and dispensing developer from a developer cartridge into the development unit G03G15/0879for dispensing developer from a developer cartridge not directly attached to the development unit G03G15/0881Sealing of developer cartridges G03G15/0882by a peelable sealing film resealing used developer units before refilling: G03G15/0894 G03G15/0884by a sealing film to be ruptured or cut G03G15/0886by mechanical means, e.g. shutter, plug G03G15/0887Arrangements for conveying and conditioning developer in the developing unit, e.g. agitating, removing impurities or humidity G03G15/0889for agitation or stirring G03G15/0891for conveying or circulating developer, e.g. augers G03G15/0893in a closed loop within the sump of the developing device G03G15/0894Reconditioning of the developer unit, i.e. reusing or recycling parts of the unit, e.g. resealing of the unit before refilling with toner G03G15/0896Arrangements or disposition of the complete developer unit or parts thereof not provided for by groups G03G15/08 - G03G15/0894 G03G15/0898for preventing toner scattering during operation, e.g. seals sealing the donor member G03G15/0817; sealing the magnetic brush G03G15/0942 G03G15/09using magnetic brush G03G15/0907with bias voltage G03G15/065 takes precedence G03G15/0914with a one-component toner G03G15/0921Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration G03G15/0928relating to the shell, e.g. structure, composition G03G15/0935relating to bearings or driving mechanism G03G15/0942with means for preventing toner scattering from the magnetic brush, e.g. magnetic seals G03G15/095Removing excess solid developer , e.g. fog preventing G03G15/10using a liquid developer G03G15/101for wetting the recording material G03G15/102for differentially wetting the recording material developers for differentially wetting G03G9/18 G03G15/104Preparing, mixing, transporting or dispensing developer G03G15/105Detection or control means for the toner concentration G03G15/107Condensing developer fumes G03G15/11 takes precedence G03G15/108with which the recording material is brought in contact, e.g. immersion or surface immersion development G03G15/11Removing excess liquid developer, e.g. by heat G03G15/14for transferring a pattern to a second base G03G15/16of a toner pattern, e.g. a powder pattern , e.g. magnetic transfer G03G15/1605using at least one intermediate support G03G15/1625 takes precedence G03G15/161with means for handling the intermediate support, e.g. heating, cleaning, coating with a transfer agent G03G15/1615relating to the driving mechanism for the intermediate support, e.g. gears, couplings, belt tensioning G03G15/162details of the the intermediate support, e.g. chemical composition G03G15/1625on a base other than paper G03G15/163using the force produced by an electrostatic transfer field formed between the second base and the electrographic recording member, e.g. transfer through an air gap G03G15/1635the field being produced by laying down an electrostatic charge behind the base or the recording member, e.g. by a corona device G03G15/164the second base being a continuous paper band, e.g. a CFF G03G15/1645Arrangements for controlling the amount of charge G03G15/165Arrangements for supporting or transporting the second base in the transfer area, e.g. guides G03G15/1655comprising a rotatable holding member to which the second base is attached or attracted, e.g. screen transfer holding drum G03G15/166with means for conditioning the holding member, e.g. cleaning G03G15/1665by introducing the second base in the nip formed by the recording member and at least one transfer member, e.g. in combination with bias or heat G03G15/167at least one of the recording member or the transfer member being rotatable during the transfer G03G15/1675with means for controlling the bias applied in the transfer nip G03G15/168with means for conditioning the transfer element, e.g. cleaning G03G15/1685Structure, details of the transfer member, e.g. chemical composition G03G15/169with means for preconditioning the toner image before the transfer G03G15/095 and G03G15/11 take precedence G03G15/1695with means for preconditioning the paper base before the transfer G03G15/18of a charge pattern G03G15/20for fixing, e.g. by using heat G03G15/2003using heat G03G15/2007using radiant heat, e.g. infra-red lamps, microwave heaters G03G15/201of high intensity and short duration, i.e. flash fusing G03G15/2014using contact heat G03G15/2017Structural details of the fixing unit in general, e.g. cooling means, heat shielding means G03G15/2053 takes precedence G03G15/2021Plurality of separate fixing and/or cooling areas or units, two step fixing G03G15/2025with special means for lubricating and/or cleaning the fixing unit, e.g. applying offset preventing fluid G03G15/2028with means for handling the copy material in the fixing nip, e.g. introduction guides, stripping means G03G15/2032Retractable heating or pressure unit G03G15/2035for maintenance purposes, e.g. for removing a jammed sheet G03G15/2039with means for controlling the fixing temperature G03G15/2042specially for the axial heat partition G03G15/2046specially for the influence of heat loss, e.g. due to the contact with the copy material or other roller G03G15/205specially for the mode of operation, e.g. standby, warming-up, error G03G15/2046 takes precedence G03G15/2053Structural details of heat elements, e.g. structure of roller or belt, eddy current, induction heating G03G15/2057relating to the chemical composition of the heat element and layers thereof G03G15/206Structural details or chemical composition of the pressure elements and layers thereof G03G15/2064combined with pressure G03G15/2092using pressure only G03G15/2096using a solvent G03G15/2098using light, e.g. UV photohardening G03G15/22involving the combination of more than one step according to groups G03G13/02 - G03G13/20 G03G15/01 takes precedence G03G15/221Machines other than electrographic copiers, e.g. electrophotographic cameras, electrostatic typewriters G03G15/222Machines for handling xeroradiographic images, e.g. xeroradiographic processors G03G15/223Machines for handling microimages, e.g. microfilm copiers G03G15/224Machines for forming tactile or three dimensional images by electrographic means, e.g. braille, 3d printing G03G15/225using contact-printing G03G15/226where the image is formed on a dielectric layer covering the photoconductive layer G03G15/227the length of the inner surface of the dielectric layer being greater than the length of the outer surface of the photoconductive layer G03G15/228the process involving the formation of a master, e.g. photocopy-printer machines G03G15/23specially adapted for copying both sides of an original or for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material G03G15/231Arrangements for copying on both sides of a recording or image-receiving material G03G15/232using a single reusable electrographic recording member G03G15/234by inverting and refeeding the image receiving material with an image on one face to the recording member to transfer a second image on its second face, e.g. by using a duplex tray; Details of duplex trays or inverters G03G15/235the image receiving member being preconditioned before transferring the second image, e.g. decurled, or the second image being formed with different operating parameters, e.g. a different fixing temperature G03G15/237the image receiving member being in form of a continuous web G03G15/235 takes precedence G03G15/238using more than one reusable electrographic recording member, e.g. single pass duplex copiers G03G15/24whereby at least two steps are performed simultaneously G03G15/26in which the charge pattern is obtained by projection of the entire image, i.e. whole-frame projection G03G15/04 takes precedence G03G15/263using a reusable recording medium in form of a band G03G15/266using a reusable recording medium in form of a plate or a sheet G03G15/28in which projection is obtained by line scanning G03G15/04 takes precedence G03G15/283using a reusable recording medium in form of a band G03G15/286using a reusable recording medium in form of a plate or a sheet G03G15/30in which projection is formed on a drum G03G15/302with arrangements for copying different kinds of originals, e.g. sheets, books G03G15/305with special means to synchronize the scanning optic to the operation of other parts of the machine, e.g. photoreceptor, copy paper G03G15/307with more than one photoconductor revolution for each copying cycle G03G15/32in which the charge pattern is formed dotwise, e.g. by a thermal headG03G15/04, G03G15/05, G03G15/34 take precedence G03G15/321by charge transfer onto the recording material in accordance with the image G03G15/323by modulating charged particles through holes or a slit G03G15/325using a stylus or a multi-styli array G03G15/326by application of light, e.g. using a LED array G03G15/328using a CRT G03G15/34in which the powder image is formed directly on the recording material , e.g. by using a liquid toner G03G15/342by forming a uniform powder layer and then removing the non-image areas G03G15/344by selectively transferring the powder to the recording medium, e.g. by using a LED array G03G15/346by modulating the powder through holes or a slit G03G15/348using a stylus or a multi-styli array G03G15/36Editing, i.e. producing a composite image by copying one or more original images or parts thereof G03G15/50Machine control of apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern, e.g. regulating differents parts of the machine, multimode copiers, microprocessor control sequencing control G03G21/14 G03G15/5004Power supply control, e.g. power-saving mode, automatic power turn-off G03G15/5008Driving control for rotary photosensitive medium, e.g. speed control, stop position control G03G15/5012Priority interrupt; Job recovery, e.g. after jamming or malfunction G03G15/5016User-machine interface; Display panels; Control console G03G15/502relating to the structure of the control menu, e.g. pop-up menus, help screens G03G15/5025by measuring the original characteristics, e.g. contrast, density G03G15/5029by measuring the copy material characteristics, e.g. weight, thickness G03G15/5033by measuring the photoconductor characteristics, e.g. temperature, or the characteristics of an image on the photoconductor G03G15/5037the characteristics being an electrical parameter, e.g. voltage G03G15/5041Detecting a toner image, e.g. density, toner coverage, using a test patch G03G15/553 takes precedence G03G15/5045Detecting the temperature G03G15/505Detecting the speed, e.g. for continuous control of recording starting time G03G15/5054by measuring the characteristics of an intermediate image carrying member or the characteristics of an image on an intermediate image carrying member, e.g. intermediate transfer belt or drum, conveyor belt G03G15/5058using a test patch G03G15/5062by measuring the characteristics of an image on the copy material G03G15/5066by using information from an external support, e.g. magnetic card G03G15/507being interleaved with the original or directly written on he original, e.g. using a control sheet G03G15/5075Remote control machines, e.g. by a host G03G15/5079for maintenance G03G15/5083for scheduling G03G15/5087for receiving image data G03G15/5091for user-identification or authorisation G03G15/5095Matching the image with the size of the copy material, e.g. by calculating the magnification or selecting the adequate copy material size G03G15/55Self-diagnostics; Malfunction or lifetime display G03G15/553Monitoring or warning means for exhaustion or lifetime end of consumables, e.g. indication of insufficient copy sheet quantity for a job G03G15/556for toner consumption, e.g. pixel counting, toner coverage detection or toner density measurement G03G15/60Apparatus which relate to the handling of originals for photographic purposes in general G03B G03G15/602for transporting G03G15/605Holders for originals or exposure platens for photographic purposes in general G03B G03G15/607for detecting size, presence or position of original G03G15/65Apparatus which relate to the handling of copy material handling sheets or webs in general B65H; for photographic purposes in general G03B G03G15/6502Supplying of sheet copy material; Cassettes therefor G03G15/6505for copy sheets in ream G03G15/6508Automatic supply devices interacting with the rest of the apparatus, e.g. selection of a specific cassette matching the image with the size of the copy material G03G15/5095 G03G15/6511Feeding devices for picking up or separation of copy sheets G03G15/6514Manual supply devices G03G15/6517Apparatus for continuous web copy material of plain paper, e.g. supply rolls; Roll holders therefor G03G15/652Feeding a copy material originating from a continuous web roll G03G15/6523Cutting G03G15/6526Computer form folded [CFF] continuous web, e.g. having sprocket holes or perforations G03G15/6529Transporting G03G15/6555 takes precedence G03G15/6532Removing a copy sheet form a xerographic drum, band or plate removing sheets from printing cylinders B65H29/02 G03G15/6535using electrostatic means, e.g. a separating corona G03G15/6538Devices for collating sheet copy material, e.g. sorters, control, copies in staples form G03G15/6541Binding sets of sheets, e.g. by stapling, glueing G03G15/6544Details about the binding means or procedure G03G15/6547Shifting sets of sheets in the discharge tray G03G15/655Placing job divider sheet between set of sheets G03G15/6552Means for discharging uncollated sheet copy material, e.g. discharging rollers, exit trays G03G15/6555Handling of sheet copy material taking place in a specific part of the copy material feeding path G03G15/6558Feeding path after the copy sheet preparation and up to the transfer point, e.g. registering; Deskewing; Correct timing of sheet feeding to the transfer point G03G15/6561for sheet registration G03G15/6564with correct timing of sheet feeding G03G15/6567for deskewing or aligning G03G15/657Feeding path after the transfer point and up to the fixing point, e.g. guides and feeding means for handling copy material carrying an unfused toner image G03G15/6573Feeding path after the fixing point and up to the discharge tray or the finisher, e.g. special treatment of copy material to compensate for effects from the fixing G03G15/6576Decurling of sheet material G03G15/6579Refeeding path for composite copying G03G15/6582Special processing for irreversibly adding or changing the sheet copy material characteristics or its appearance, e.g. stamping, annotation printing, punching G03G15/6585by using non-standard toners, e.g. transparent toner, gloss adding devices G03G15/6588characterised by the copy material, e.g. postcards, large copies, multi-layered materials, coloured sheet material G03G15/6591characterised by the recording material, e.g. plastic material, OHP, ceramics, tiles, textiles details transferring the toner pattern onto particular materials G03G15/1625 G03G15/6594characterised by the format or the thickness, e.g. endless forms G03G15/6597the imaging being conformed directly on the copy material, e.g. using photosensitive copy material, dielectric copy material for electrostatic printing G03G15/70Detecting malfunctions relating to paper handling, e.g. jams G03G15/703Detecting multiple sheets G03G15/706Detecting missed stripping form xerographic drum, band or plate G03G15/75Details relating to xerographic drum, band or plate, e.g. replacing, testing electrographic recording members per se G03G5/00 G03G15/751relating to drum G03G15/757 takes precedence G03G15/752with renewable photoconductive layer G03G15/754relating to band, e.g. tensioning G03G15/757 takes precedence G03G15/755for maintaining the lateral alignment of the band G03G15/757Drive mechanisms for photosensitive medium, e.g. gears G03G15/758relating to plate or sheet G03G15/80Details relating to power supplies, circuits boards, electrical connections G03G16/00Electrographic processes using deformation of thermoplastic layers layers for surface-deformation imaging G03G5/022Apparatus therefor shaping of plastic objects with thermoplastic memory effect B29C61/00; digital stores using thermoplastic elements G11C11/46; television signal recording using deformable thermoplastic recording medium H04N5/82 G03G17/00Electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns, e.g. an electric conductivity patternProcesses involving a migration, e.g. photoelectrophoresis, photoelectrosolographyProcesses involving a selective transfer, e.g. electrophoto-adhesive processesApparatus essentially involving a single such process G03G17/005Radiation field photography, e.g. Kirlian photography, colour-discharge photography recording electrical waveforms in general G01R13/04, e.g. G01R13/12 - G01R13/14 G03G17/02with electrolytic development G03G17/04using photoelectrophoresis G03G17/06Apparatus therefor G03G17/08using an electrophoto-adhesive process, e.g. manifold imaging G03G17/10using migration imaging, e.g. photoelectrosolography G03G17/04 takes precedence G03G19/00Processes using magnetic patternsApparatus therefor , i.e. magnetography This group comprises also processes and apparatus wherein magnetography and electrography are combined; magnetographic printing apparatus for data processing machines G06K15/14; recording members therefor G03G5/00; magnetic recording members for television G11B; recording of sound G11B; recording of electric measurements G01R13/00; recording apparatus for measurements in general G01D G03G19/005where the image is formed by selective demagnetizing, e.g. thermomagnetic recording G03G21/00Arrangements not provided for by groups G03G13/00 - G03G19/00, e.g. cleaning, elimination of residual charge G03G21/0005for removing solid developer or debris from the electrographic recording medium G03G21/0011using a blade; Details of cleaning blades, e.g. blade shape, layer forming G03G21/0017Details relating to the internal structure or chemical composition of the blades G03G21/0023with electric bias G03G21/0029Details relating to the blade support G03G21/0035using a brush; Details of cleaning brushes, e.g. fibre density G03G21/0064 takes precedence; magnetic brushes G03G21/0047 G03G21/0041using a band; Details of cleaning bands, e.g. band winding G03G21/0047using electrostatic or magnetic means; Details thereof, e.g. magnetic pole arrangement of magnetic devices G03G21/0064 takes precedence G03G21/0052using an air flow; Details thereof, e.g. nozzle structure G03G21/0058using a roller or a polygonal rotating cleaning member; Details thereof, e.g. surface structure G03G21/0064 takes precedence G03G21/0064using the developing unit, e.g. cleanerless or multi-cycle apparatus G03G21/007Arrangement or disposition of parts of the cleaning unit G03G21/0076Plural or sequential cleaning devices G03G21/0082Separate cleaning member for toner and debris G03G21/0088removing liquid developer G03G21/0094fatigue treatment of the photoconductor G03G21/02Counting the number of copiesBilling G03G21/04Preventing copies being made of an original G03G21/043by using an original which is not reproducible or only reproducible with a different appearence, e.g. originals with a photochromic layer or a colour background G03G21/046by discriminating a special original, e.g. a bank note G03G21/06Eliminating residual charges from a reusable imaging member G03G21/08using optical radiation G03G21/10Collecting or recycling waste developer G03G21/105Arrangements for conveying toner waste G03G21/12Toner waste containers G03G21/14Electronic sequencing control G03G21/145wherein control pulses are generated by the mechanical movement of parts of the machine, e.g. the photoconductor G03G21/16Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements G03G21/1604Arrangement or disposition of the entire apparatus G03G21/1609for space saving, e.g. structural arrangements G03G21/1614Measures for handling of apparatus by disabled persons G03G21/1619Frame structures G03G21/1623Means to access the interior of the apparatus G03G21/1628Clamshell type G03G21/1638 takes precedence G03G21/1633using doors or covers G03G21/1638 takes precedence G03G21/1638directed to paper handling or jam treatment G03G21/1642for connecting the different parts of the apparatus G03G21/1647Mechanical connection means G03G21/1652Electrical connection means G03G21/1657Wireless connection means, e.g. RFID G03G21/1661means for handling parts of the apparatus in the apparatus G03G21/1604, G03G21/1642 take precedence G03G21/1666for the exposure unit G03G21/1671for the photosensitive element G03G21/1676for the developer unit G03G21/168for the transfer unit G03G21/1685for the fixing unit G03G21/169for the cleaning unit G03G21/1695for paper transport G03G21/18using a processing cartridge , whereby the process cartridge comprises at least two image processing means in a single unit G03G21/1803Arrangements or disposition of the complete process cartridge or parts thereof G03G21/1807colour G03G21/181Manufacturing or assembling, recycling, reuse, transportation, packaging or storage G03G21/1814Details of parts of process cartridge, e.g. for charging, transfer, cleaning, developing G03G21/1835 takes precedence G03G21/1817having a submodular arrangement G03G21/1821means for connecting the different parts of the process cartridge, e.g. attachment, positioning of parts with each other, pressure/distance regulation G03G21/1825 takes precedence G03G21/1825Pivotable subunit connection G03G21/1828Prevention of damage or soiling, e.g. mechanical abrasion G03G21/1839 takes precedence G03G21/1832Shielding members, shutter, e.g. light, heat shielding, prevention of toner scattering G03G21/1835the process cartridge not comprising a photosensitive member G03G21/1839Means for handling the process cartridge in the apparatus body G03G21/1842for guiding and mounting the process cartridge, positioning, alignment, locks G03G21/1864 and G03G21/1871 take precedence G03G21/1846using a handle for carrying or pulling out of the main machine, legs of casings G03G21/185the process cartridge being mounted parallel to the axis of the photosensitive member G03G21/1853the process cartridge being mounted perpendicular to the axis of the photosensitive member G03G21/1857for transmitting mechanical drive power to the process cartridge, drive mechanisms, gears, couplings, braking mechanisms G03G21/186Axial couplings G03G21/1864associated with a positioning function G03G21/1867for electrically connecting the process cartridge to the apparatus, electrical connectors, power supply G03G21/1871associated with a positioning function G03G21/1875provided with identifying means or means for storing process- or use parameters, e.g. lifetime of the cartridge G03G21/1878Electronically readable memory G03G21/1882details of the communication with memory, e.g. wireless communication, protocols G03G21/1885position of the memory; memory housings; electrodes G03G21/1889for auto-setting of process parameters, lifetime, usage G03G21/1892for presence detection, authentication G03G21/1896mechanical or optical identification means, e.g. protrusions, bar codes G03G21/20Humidity or temperature control also ozone evacuation; Internal apparatus environment control G03G21/203Humidity G03G21/206Conducting air through the machine, e.g. for cooling, filtering, removing gases like ozone G03G2215/00 G03G2215/00Apparatus for electrophotographic processes G03G2215/00004Handling of entire apparatus G03G2215/00008Upright positioning for maintenance or storage G03G2215/00012Upright positioning as well as horizontal positioning for image forming G03G2215/00016Special arrangement of entire apparatus G03G2215/00021Plural substantially independent image forming units in cooperation, e.g. for duplex, colour or high-speed simplex G03G2215/00025Machine control, e.g. regulating different parts of the machine G03G2215/00029Image density detection G03G2215/00033on recording member G03G2215/00037Toner image detection G03G2215/00042Optical detection G03G2215/00046Magnetical detection G03G2215/0005without production of a specific test patch G03G2215/00054Electrostatic image detection G03G2215/00059on intermediate image carrying member, e.g. transfer belt G03G2215/00063Colour G03G2215/00067on recording medium G03G2215/00071by measuring the photoconductor or its environmental characteristics G03G2215/00075the characteristic being its speed G03G2215/0008for continuous control of recording starting time G03G2215/00084the characteristic being the temperature G03G2215/00088by using information from an external support G03G2215/00092the support being an IC card G03G2215/00097the support being a counter G03G2215/00101the support being a magnetic card G03G2215/00105the support being a payment means, e.g. a coin G03G2215/00109Remote control of apparatus, e.g. by a host G03G2215/00113Plurality of apparatus configured in groups each with its own host G03G2215/00118using fuzzy logic G03G2215/00122using speech synthesis or voice recognition G03G2215/00126Multi-job machines G03G2215/0013for producing copies with MICR G03G2215/00135Handling of parts of the apparatus G03G2215/00139Belt G03G2215/00143Meandering prevention G03G2215/00147using tractor sprocket holes G03G2215/00151using edge limitations G03G2215/00156by controlling drive mechanism G03G2215/0016by mark detection, e.g. optical G03G2215/00164by electronic scan control G03G2215/00168by friction G03G2215/00172relative to the original handling G03G2215/00177for scanning G03G2215/00181concerning the original's state of motion G03G2215/00185original at rest G03G2215/00189original moving G03G2215/00194original either moving or at rest G03G2215/00198where one single scanning surface is used G03G2215/00202where separate scanning surfaces are used G03G2215/00206Original medium G03G2215/0021Plural types handled G03G2215/00215Mixed types handled G03G2215/00219Paper G03G2215/00223Continuous web, i.e. roll G03G2215/00227Fan fold, e.g. CFF, normally perforated G03G2215/00232Non-standard format G03G2215/00236Large sized, e.g. technical plans G03G2215/0024Small sized, e.g. postcards G03G2215/00244Non-standard property G03G2215/00248Thick G03G2215/00253Thin G03G2215/00257coloured G03G2215/00261Plastic G03G2215/00265Overhead Transparency, i.e. OHP G03G2215/0027Transparent film roll G03G2215/00274Slide G03G2215/00278Microfiche G03G2215/00282Book G03G2215/00286With punch holes or other non-image related artifacts, e.g. staples G03G2215/00291Fragile, e.g. old documents G03G2215/00295Valuable, e.g. cheques, passport G03G2215/00299Confidential, e.g. secret documents G03G2215/00303Control sheet G03G2215/00308Object for which a graphic image is not of interest, e.g. medical sample G03G2215/00312Other special types G03G2215/00316Electronic image supplied to the apparatus G03G2215/0032Original binding G03G2215/00324Document property detectors G03G2215/00329Document size detectors G03G2215/00333detecting feeding of documents G03G2215/00337Document set detector G03G2215/00341Jam handling in document feeder G03G2215/00345Copying machine problems G03G2215/0035Document related problems, e.g. double-fed sheets G03G2215/00354Specific document handling machines G03G2215/00358Plural feed trays for document sets, e.g. multi-job G03G2215/00362relating to the copy medium handling G03G2215/00367The feeding path segment where particular handling of the copy medium occurs, segments being adjacent and non-overlapping. Each segment is identified by the most downstream point in the segment, so that for instance the segment labelled "Fixing device" is referring to the path between the "Transfer device" and the "Fixing device" G03G2215/00371General use over the entire feeding path G03G2215/00375Package, e.g. a ream G03G2215/00379Copy medium holder G03G2215/00383Cassette G03G2215/00388rotatable G03G2215/00392Manual input tray G03G2215/00396Pick-up device G03G2215/004Separation device G03G2215/00405Registration device G03G2215/00409Transfer device G03G2215/00413Fixing device G03G2215/00417Post-fixing device G03G2215/00421Discharging tray, e.g. devices stabilising the quality of the copy medium, postfixing-treatment, inverting, sorting G03G2215/00426Post-treatment device adding qualities to the copy medium product G03G2215/00421 takes precedence G03G2215/0043Refeeding path G03G2215/00421 takes precedence G03G2215/00434Refeeding tray or cassette G03G2215/00438Inverter of refeeding path G03G2215/00443Copy medium G03G2215/00447Plural types handled G03G2215/00451Paper G03G2215/00455Continuous web, i.e. roll G03G2215/00459Fan fold, e.g. CFF, normally perforated G03G2215/00464Non-standard format G03G2215/00468Large sized, e.g. technical plans G03G2215/00472Small sized, e.g. postcards G03G2215/00476Non-standard property G03G2215/00481Thick G03G2215/00485Thin G03G2215/00489coloured G03G2215/00493Plastic G03G2215/00497Overhead Transparency, i.e. OHP G03G2215/00502Transparent film G03G2215/00506Slide G03G2215/0051Microfiche G03G2215/00514Envelopes G03G2215/00518Recording medium, e.g. photosensitive G03G2215/00523Other special types, e.g. tabbed G03G2215/00527Fabrics, e.g. textiles G03G2215/00531transported through the apparatus for non-imaging purposes, e.g. cleaning G03G2215/00535Stable handling of copy medium G03G2215/0054Detachable element of feed path G03G2215/00544Openable part of feed path G03G2215/00548Jam, error detection, e.g. double feeding G03G2215/00552Purge of recording medium at jam G03G2215/00556Control of copy medium feeding G03G2215/00561Aligning or deskewing G03G2215/00565Mechanical details G03G2215/00569Calibration, test runs, test prints G03G2215/00573Recording medium stripping from image forming member G03G2215/00578Composite print mode G03G2215/00582Plural adjacent images on one side G03G2215/00586duplex mode G03G2215/0059Effect of changed recording medium size, e.g. originating from heating G03G2215/00594Varying registration in order to produce special effect, e.g. binding margin G03G2215/00599Timing, synchronisation G03G2215/00603Control of other part of the apparatus according to the state of copy medium feeding G03G2215/00607Debris handling means G03G2215/00611Detector details, e.g. optical detector G03G2215/00616Optical detector G03G2215/0062infra-red G03G2215/00624Magnetic detector or switch, e.g. reed switch G03G2215/00628Mechanical detector or switch G03G2215/00632Electric detector, e.g. of voltage or current G03G2215/00637Acoustic detector G03G2215/00641Pneumatic detector G03G2215/00645Speedometer G03G2215/00649Electrodes close to the copy feeding path G03G2215/00654Charging device G03G2215/00658Brush G03G2215/00654 takes precedence G03G2215/00662Decurling device G03G2215/00666Heating or drying device G03G2215/0067Damping device G03G2215/00675Mechanical copy medium guiding means, e.g. mechanical switch G03G2215/00679Conveying means details, e.g. roller G03G2215/00683Chemical properties G03G2215/00687Handling details G03G2215/00691Shredder G03G2215/00696Turner acting in plane of recording medium, e.g. A4 to A4R change G03G2215/007Inverter not for refeeding purposes G03G2215/00704Curl adding, bending G03G2215/00708Cleaning of sheet or feeding structures G03G2215/00713Lock related to feeding device G03G2215/00717Detection of physical properties G03G2215/00721of sheet position G03G2215/00725of sheet presence in input tray G03G2215/00729of sheet amount in input tray G03G2215/00734of sheet size G03G2215/00738of sheet thickness or rigidity G03G2215/00742of sheet weight G03G2215/00746of sheet velocity G03G2215/00751of sheet type, e.g. OHP G03G2215/00755of sheet toner density G03G2215/00759of sheet image, e.g. presence, type G03G2215/00763of sheet resistivity G03G2215/00767of sheet potential G03G2215/00772of temperature influencing copy sheet handling G03G2215/00776of humidity or moisture influencing copy sheet handling G03G2215/0078of opening of structural part G03G2215/00784of connection or pressing of structural part G03G2215/00789Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium G03G2215/00793Stamping device G03G2215/00797Printing device, i.e. annotation G03G2215/00801Coating device G03G2215/00805Gloss adding or lowering device G03G2215/0081Gloss level being selectable G03G2215/00814Cutter G03G2215/00818Punch device G03G2215/00822Binder, e.g. glueing device G03G2215/00827Stapler G03G2215/00831Stitcher G03G2215/00835Toner binding G03G2215/00839Binding tape G03G2215/00843Clip G03G2215/00848Details of binding device G03G2215/00852Temporary binding G03G2215/00856External binding device G03G2215/0086Manual activation of binding G03G2215/00864Plural selectable binding modes G03G2215/00869Cover sheet adding means G03G2215/00873Tape adding means G03G2215/00877Folding device G03G2215/00881Magnetic information G03G2215/00886Sorting or discharging G03G2215/0089Shifting jobs G03G2215/00894Placing job divider sheet G03G2215/00898Mechanical separator between jobs G03G2215/00902Sorting marks of jobs, e.g. on the sheet edges G03G2215/00907Electronically addressable mailing bins G03G2215/00911Detection of copy amount or presence in discharge tray G03G2215/00915Detection of weight of copies G03G2215/00919Special copy medium handling apparatus G03G2215/00924two or more parallel feed paths G03G2215/00928Copies and originals use a common part of the copy medium handling apparatus G03G2215/00932Security copies G03G2215/00936Bookbinding G03G2215/0094Copy produced and used as original G03G2215/00945Copy material feeding speed varied over the feed path G03G2215/00949Copy material feeding speed switched according to current mode of the apparatus, e.g. colour mode G03G2215/00953Electrographic recording members G03G2215/00957Compositions G03G2215/00962Electrographic apparatus defined by the electrographic recording member G03G2215/00966Sheet type electrographic recording members from which a toner or charge image is transferred G03G2215/0097Sheet cartridge or tray G03G2215/00974Electrographic recording member arranged as a carriage to be movable in a direction perpendicular to the recording sheet transport direction G03G2215/00978Details relating to power supplies G03G2215/00983using batteries G03G2215/00987Remanufacturing, i.e. reusing or recycling parts of the image forming apparatus G03G2215/00991Inserting seal through a gap G03G2215/00995Insertion tool used G03G2215/01for producing multicoloured copies G03G2215/0103Plural electrographic recording members G03G2215/0106At least one recording member having plural associated developing units G03G2215/0109Single transfer point used by plural recording members G03G2215/0112Linearly moving set of recording members G03G2215/0116Rotating set of recording members G03G2215/0119Linear arrangement adjacent plural transfer points G03G2215/0122primary transfer to an intermediate transfer belt G03G2215/0125the linear arrangement being horizontal or slanted G03G2215/0129horizontal medium transport path at the secondary transfer G03G2215/0132vertical medium transport path at the secondary transfer G03G2215/0135the linear arrangement being vertical G03G2215/0138primary transfer to a recording medium carried by a transport belt G03G2215/0141the linear arrangement being horizontal G03G2215/0145the linear arrangement being vertical G03G2215/0148the linear arrangement being slanted G03G2215/0151characterised by the technical problem G03G2215/0154Vibrations and positional disturbances when one member abuts or contacts another member G03G2215/0158Colour registration G03G2215/0161Generation of registration marks G03G2215/0164Uniformity control of the toner density at separate colour transfers G03G2215/0167single electrographic recording member G03G2215/017single rotation of recording member to produce multicoloured copy G03G2215/0174plural rotations of recording member to produce multicoloured copy G03G2215/0177Rotating set of developing units G03G2215/018Linearly moving set of developing units, one at a time adjacent the recording member G03G2215/0183Reciprocal movement of transfer member across transfer point G03G2215/0187Multicoloured toner image formed on the recording member G03G2215/019Structural features of the multicolour image forming apparatus G03G2215/0193transfer member separable from recording member G03G2215/0196Recording medium carrying member with speed switching G03G2215/02Arrangements for laying down a uniform charge G03G2215/021by contact, friction or induction G03G2215/022using a magnetic brush G03G2215/023using a laterally vibrating brush G03G2215/025using contact charging means having lateral dimensions related to other apparatus means, e.g. photodrum, developing roller G03G2215/026by coronas G03G2215/027using wires G03G2215/028using pointed electrodes G03G2215/04Arrangements for exposing and producing an image G03G2215/0402Exposure devices G03G2215/0404Laser G03G2215/0407Light-emitting array or panel G03G2215/0409Light-emitting diodes, i.e. LED-array G03G2215/0412Electroluminescent elements, i.e. EL-array G03G2215/0414Liquid-crystal display elements, i.e. LCD-shutter array G03G2215/0417Standard lamp used to produce a reflection or transmission image of an original G03G2215/0419Device not using light, e.g. ion-writer G03G2215/0421Plurality of devices for producing the image (excluding dedicated erasing means) G03G2215/0424Using contents of CCD array to produce the image G03G2215/0426Editing of the image, e.g. adding or deleting correction, i.e. changing or enhancing the image G03G2215/0429 G03G2215/0429Changing or enhancing the image G03G2215/0431Producing a clean non-image area, i.e. avoiding show-around effects G03G2215/0434Parameters defining the non-image area to be cleaned G03G2215/0436Document properties at the scanning position, e.g. position and density G03G2215/0439Automatic detection of properties G03G2215/0441Manual input of properties G03G2215/0443Copy medium outline relative to the charge image G03G2215/0446Magnification degree G03G2215/0448Charge-erasing means for the non-image area G03G2215/0451Light-emitting array or panel G03G2215/0453Light-emitting diodes, i.e. LED-array G03G2215/0456Electroluminescent elements, i.e. EL-array G03G2215/0458Liquid-crystal display elements, i.e. LCD-shutter array G03G2215/046Charger G03G2215/0463Exposure lamp used for scanning G03G2215/0465Developing conditions changed to produce a clean non-image area G03G2215/0468Image area information changed (default is the charge image) G03G2215/047Image corrections G03G2215/0473due to document imperfections, e.g. punchholes, books G03G2215/0475due to cover imperfection, i.e. show-through problem G03G2215/0478due to image carrier variations, e.g. ageing G03G2215/048Technical-purpose-oriented image area changes G03G2215/0482Toner-free areas produced G03G2215/0485Avoiding problems in standard processing steps, such as transfer and fixing G03G2215/0487Adapted to post-processing step, e.g. binding G03G2215/049Hiding of information contained in the image G03G2215/0492Without changing the charge image G03G2215/0495Plural charge levels of latent image produced, e.g. trilevel G03G2215/0497Exposure from behind the image carrying surface G03G2215/06Developing structures, details G03G2215/0602Developer G03G2215/0604solid type G03G2215/0607two-component G03G2215/0609magnetic brush G03G2215/0612cascade G03G2215/0614one-component G03G2215/0617contact development (i.e. the developer layer on the donor member contacts the latent image carrier) G03G2215/0619non-contact (flying development) G03G2215/0621powder cloud G03G2215/0624plural systems represented (e.g. in a multicolour device or for optimising photo line development) G03G2215/0626liquid type (at developing position) G03G2215/0629liquid at room temperature G03G2215/0631melted, or otherwise made liquid G03G2215/0634Developing device G03G2215/0636Specific type of dry developer device G03G2215/0639Without donor member (i.e. developing housing slides on latent image-carrying member) G03G2215/0641Without separate supplying member (i.e. with developing housing sliding on donor member) G03G2215/0643Electrodes in developing area, e.g. wires, not belonging to the main donor part G03G2215/0646Electrodes only acting from one side of the developing area, e.g. plate electrode G03G2215/0648Two or more donor members G03G2215/0651Electrodes in donor member surface G03G2215/0653Microelectrodes in donor member surface, e.g. floating G03G2215/0656Fixed electrodes behind moving donor member surface G03G2215/0658Liquid developer devices G03G2215/066Toner cartridge or other attachable and detachable container for supplying developer material to replace the used material G03G2215/0663having a longitudinal rotational axis, around which at least one part is rotated when mounting or using the cartridge G03G2215/0665Generally horizontally mounting of said toner cartridge parallel to its longitudinal rotational axis G03G2215/0668Toner discharging opening at one axial end G03G2215/067Toner discharging opening covered by arcuate shutter G03G2215/0673Generally vertically mounting of said toner cartridge parallel to its longitudinal rotational axis G03G2215/0675Generally cylindrical container shape having two ends G03G2215/0678Bottle shaped container having a bottle neck for toner discharge G03G2215/068having a box like shape G03G2215/0682Bag-type non-rigid container G03G2215/0685fulfilling a continuous function within the electrographic apparatus during the use of the supplied developer material, e.g. toner discharge on demand, storing residual toner, not acting as a passive closure for the developer replenishing opening G03G2215/0687using a peelable sealing film G03G2215/069using a sealing member to be ruptured or cut G03G2215/0692using a slidable sealing member, e.g. shutter G03G2215/0695using identification means or means for storing process or use parameters G03G2215/0697being an electronically readable memory G03G2215/08Details of powder developing device not concerning the development directly G03G2215/0802Arrangements for agitating or circulating developer material G03G2215/0805Cleaning blade adjacent to the donor member G03G2215/0808Donor member rotation direction G03G2215/0811Upper part of donor member transports used developer back to the sump G03G2215/0813Lower part of donor member transports used developer back to the sump G03G2215/0816Agitator type G03G2215/0819two or more agitators G03G2215/0822with wall or blade between agitators G03G2215/0825belt G03G2215/0827Augers G03G2215/083with two opposed pitches on one shaft G03G2215/0833with varying pitch on one shaft G03G2215/0836Way of functioning of agitator means G03G2215/0838Circulation of developer in a closed loop within the sump of the developing device G03G2215/0841Presentation of developer to donor member G03G2215/0844by upward movement of agitator member G03G2215/0847by downward movement of agitator member G03G2215/085Stirring member in developer container G03G2215/0852reciprocating G03G2215/0855Materials and manufacturing of the developing device G03G2215/0858Donor member G03G2215/0861Particular composition or materials G03G2215/0863Manufacturing G03G2215/0866Metering member G03G2215/0869Supplying member G03G2215/0872Housing of developing device G03G2215/0875Arrangements for shipping or transporting of the developing device to or from the user G03G2215/0877Sealing of the developing device opening, facing the image-carrying member G03G2215/088Peelable sealing film G03G2215/0883Rupturable sealing film, e.g. tearable film G03G2215/0886Container for holding the whole developing device when outside the machine, e.g. box, sack G03G2215/0888Arrangements for detecting toner level or concentration in the developing device G03G2215/0891Optical detection G03G2215/0894through a light transmissive window in the developer container wall G03G2215/0897Cleaning of the light transmissive window G03G2215/16Transferring device, details G03G2215/1604Main transfer electrode G03G2215/1609Corotron G03G2215/1614Transfer roll G03G2215/1619Transfer drum G03G2215/1623Transfer belt G03G2215/1628Blade G03G2215/1633Plate G03G2215/1638Wires G03G2215/1642Brush G03G2215/1647Cleaning of transfer member G03G2215/1652of transfer roll G03G2215/1657of transfer drum G03G2215/1661of transfer belt G03G2215/1666Preconditioning of copy medium before the transfer point G03G2215/1671Preheating the copy medium before the transfer point G03G2215/1676Simultaneous toner image transfer and fixing G03G2215/168at the first transfer point G03G2215/1685using heat G03G2215/169without heat G03G2215/1695at the second or higher order transfer point G03G2215/20Details of the fixing device or porcess G03G2215/2003Structural features of the fixing device G03G2215/2006Plurality of separate fixing areas G03G2215/2009Pressure belt G03G2215/2012having an end G03G2215/2016Heating belt G03G2215/2019the belt not heating the toner or medium directly, e.g. heating a heating roller G03G2215/2022the fixing nip having both a stationary and a rotating belt support member opposing a pressure member G03G2215/2025the fixing nip having a rotating belt support member opposing a pressure member G03G2215/2029the belt further entrained around one or more stationary belt support members, the latter not being a cooling device G03G2215/2032the belt further entrained around additional rotating belt support members G03G2215/2035the fixing nip having a stationary belt support member opposing a pressure member G03G2215/2038the belt further entrained around one or more rotating belt support members G03G2215/2041the fixing nip being formed by tensioning the belt over a surface portion of a pressure member G03G2215/2045Variable fixing speed G03G2215/2048Surface layer material G03G2215/2051Silicone rubber G03G2215/2054Inorganic filler, e.g. silica powder G03G2215/2058Shape of roller along rotational axis G03G2215/2061concave G03G2215/2064convex G03G2215/2067Shape of roller core G03G2215/207Type of toner image to be fixed  G03G2215/2074colour G03G2215/2077Fixing between separate colour toner transfers G03G2215/208black and white G03G2215/2083duplex G03G2215/2087simplex G03G2215/209plural types of toner image handled by the fixing device G03G2215/2093Release agent handling devices G03G2215/2096using porous fluoropolymers for wicking the release agent G03G2217/00Details of electrographic processes using patterns other than charge patterns G03G2217/0008Process where toner image is produced by controlling which part of the toner should move to the image- carrying member G03G2217/0016where the toner is conveyed over the electrode array to get a charging and then being moved G03G2217/0025where the toner starts moving from behind the electrode array, e.g. a mask of holes G03G2217/0033where the toner is held behind a gate electrode array until being released G03G2217/0041Process where the image-carrying member is always completely covered by a toner layer G03G2217/005where the toner is charged before producing the toner layer on the image-carrying member G03G2217/0058where the toner layer is being charged G03G2217/0066where no specific pick-up of toner occurs before transfer of the toner image G03G2217/0075Process using an image-carrying member having an electrode array on its surface G03G2217/0083Process using a fixed electrode array behind a moving recording medium G03G2217/0091Process comprising image exposure at the developing area G03G2221/00Processes not provided for by group G03G2215/00, e.g. cleaning or residual charge elimination G03G2221/0005Cleaning of residual toner G03G2221/001Plural sequential cleaning devices G03G2221/0015Width of cleaning device related to other parts of the apparatus, e.g. transfer belt width G03G2221/0021applying vibrations to the electrographic recording medium for assisting the cleaning, e.g. ultrasonic vibration G03G2221/0026Cleaning of foreign matter, e.g. paper powder, from imaging member G03G2221/0031Type of foreign matter G03G2221/0036Oil and other liquid matter G03G2221/0042Paper powder and other dry foreign matter G03G2221/0047Type of cleaning device G03G2221/0052Common container for holding cleaned foreign matter and residual toner G03G2221/0057Separate cleaning members for foreign matter and residual toner G03G2221/0063Cleaning device for foreign matter separate from residual toner cleaning device G03G2221/0068Cleaning mechanism G03G2221/0073Electrostatic G03G2221/0078Magnetic G03G2221/0084Liquid G03G2221/0089Mechanical G03G2221/0094Suction G03G2221/16Mechanical means for facilitating the maintenance of the apparatus, e.g. modular arrangements and complete machine concepts G03G2221/1603for multicoloured copies G03G2221/1606for the photosensitive element G03G2221/1609protective arrangements for preventing damage G03G2221/1612plural shutters for openings of process cartridge G03G2221/1615being a belt G03G2221/1618for the cleaning unit G03G2221/1621re-use of cleaned toner G03G2221/1624transporting cleaned toner into separate vessels, e.g. photoreceptors, external containers G03G2221/1627Details concerning the cleaning process G03G2221/163for the developer unit G03G2221/1633Details concerning the developing process G03G2221/1636for the exposure unit G03G2221/1639for the fixing unit G03G2221/1642for the transfer unit G03G2221/1645for conducting air through the machine, e.g. cooling G03G2221/1648using seals, e.g. to prevent scattering of toner light shields for the photoreceptor G03G2221/1609 G03G2221/1651for connecting the different parts G03G2221/1654Locks and means for positioning or alignment G03G2221/1657transmitting mechanical drive power G03G2221/166Electrical connectors G03G2221/1663having lifetime indicators G03G2221/1666integer lifetimes of each other G03G2221/1669Details about used materials G03G2221/1672Paper handling G03G2221/1675jam treatment G03G2221/1678Frame structures G03G2221/1681Portable machines G03G2221/1684using extractable subframes, e.g. on rails or hinges G03G2221/1687using opening shell type machines, e.g. pivoting assemblies G03G2221/169Structural door designs G03G2221/1693for charging G03G2221/1696for auxiliary devices, e.g. add-on modules G03G2221/18Cartridge systems G03G2221/1807Transport of supply parts, e.g. process cartridges G03G2221/1815for cleaning or developing but not being a process cartridge G03G2221/1823Cartridges having electronically readable memory G03G2221/183Process cartridge G03G2221/1838Autosetting of process parameters G03G2221/1846using a handle for carrying or pulling out of the main machine G03G2221/1853having a submodular arrangement G03G2221/1861Rotational subunit connection G03G2221/1869Cartridge holders, e.g. intermediate frames for placing cartridge parts therein G03G2221/1876for production purposes, e.g. manufacture or mass production G03G2221/1884Projections on process cartridge for guiding mounting thereof in main machine G03G2221/1892Presence detection