C12PFERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE brewing of beer C12C; producing vinegar C12J; producing specific peptides or proteins C07K; producing enzymes C12N9/00; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification C12N15/00; measuring or testing processes involving enzymes or microorganisms C12Q; measuring or testing processes involving nucleic acid amplification reactions C12Q1/6844; fermentation processes to form a food composition, A21 or A23; compounds in general, see the relevant compound class, e.g. C01, C07This subclass covers the production of compounds or compositions by biochemical transformation of matter performed by using enzymes or microorganisms, wherein microorganisms are defined as any single-celled organisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast or microalgae, or plant or mammalian cells in the form of cell cultures.In this subclass, documents are primarily classified according to the compounds produced. In addition, if appropriate, classification according to the method or biocatalyst used to produce the compound is made. Classification in groups C12P19/14 - C12P19/24, C12P39/00, C12P41/00 - C12P41/009 should only be made together with the corresponding product groups The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: - C12P21/04 covered by C07K7/50 - C12P21/08 covered by C07K16/00In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. C12P1/00 C12P1/00Preparation of compounds or compositions, not provided for in groups C12P3/00 - C12P39/00, by using microorganisms or enzymesThis group is used for the classification of documents relating to the production of compounds of unknown structure When classifying in this group, classification should be made also in C12R C12P1/02by using fungi C12P1/04by using bacteria C12P1/06by using actinomycetales C12P3/00Preparation of elements or inorganic compounds except carbon dioxide recovery of carbon dioxides as by-products C12F3/02 C12P5/00Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons C12P5/002cyclic compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings C12P15/00 C12P5/005aromatic naphthacene C12P29/00 C12P5/007containing one or more isoprene units, i.e. terpenes carotenes C12P23/00 C12P5/02acyclic C12P5/007 takes precedence C12P5/023Methane C12P5/026Unsaturated compounds, i.e. alkenes, alkynes or allenes C12P7/00Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds C12P7/02containing a hydroxy group C12P7/04acyclic C12P7/06Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage C12P7/065with microorganisms other than yeasts C12P7/08produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate C12P7/10substrate containing cellulosic material C12P7/12substrate containing sulfite waste liquor or citrus waste C12P7/14Multiple stages of fermentationMultiple types of microorganisms or re-use of microorganisms C12P7/16Butanols C12P7/18polyhydric C12P7/20Glycerol C12P7/22aromatic C12P7/24containing a carbonyl group C12P7/26Ketones C12P7/28Acetone-containing products C12P7/30produced from substrate containing inorganic compounds other than water C12P7/32produced from substrate containing inorganic nitrogen source C12P7/34produced from substrate containing protein as nitrogen source C12P7/36produced from substrate containing grain or cereal material C12P7/38Cyclopentanone- or cyclopentadione-containing products C12P7/40containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids C12P7/42Hydroxy-carboxylic acids C12P7/44Polycarboxylic acids C12P7/46Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid C12P7/48Tricarboxylic acids, e.g. citric acid C12P7/50having keto groups, e.g. 2-ketoglutaric acid C12P7/52Propionic acidButyric acids C12P7/54Acetic acid vinegar C12J C12P7/56Lactic acid C12P7/58Aldonic, ketoaldonic or saccharic acids uronic acids C12P19/00 C12P7/602-Ketogulonic acid C12P7/62Carboxylic acid estersGroups C12P7/62 and C12P7/625 are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group C12P7/6436.
Groups C12P7/6436, C12P7/62 and C12P7/625 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/625Polyesters of hydroxy carboxylic acids C12P7/64FatsFatty oilsEster-type waxesHigher fatty acids, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl groupOxidised oils or fats C12P7/6409Fatty acids C12P7/6418by hydrolysis of fatty acid esters C12P7/6427Polyunsaturated fatty acids [PUFA], i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backboneGroup C12P7/6427 is impacted by reclassification into groups C12P7/6431, C12P7/6432 and C12P7/6434.
All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6431Linoleic acids [18:2[n-6]]Group C12P7/6431 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group C12P7/6427.
Groups C12P7/6431 and C12P7/6427 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6432Eicosapentaenoic acids [EPA]Group C12P7/6432 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group C12P7/6427.
Groups C12P7/6432 and C12P7/6427 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6434Docosahexenoic acids [DHA]Group C12P7/6434 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group C12P7/6427.
Groups C12P7/6434 and C12P7/6427 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6436Fatty acid estersGroup C12P7/6436 is impacted by reclassification into groups C12P7/62 and C12P7/625.
All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6445GlyceridesGroup C12P7/6445 is impacted by reclassification into group C12P7/6458.
Groups C12P7/6445 and C12P7/6458 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6454by esterificationGroup C12P7/6454 is impacted by reclassification into group C12P7/6458.
Groups C12P7/6454 and C12P7/6458 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6458by transesterification, e.g. interesterification, ester interchange, alcoholysis or acidolysisGroup C12P7/6458 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups C12P7/6445, C12P7/6454, C12P7/6472, C12P7/6481 and C12P7/649.
All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6463obtained from glyceride producing microorganisms, e.g. single cell oil C12P7/6472containing polyunsaturated fatty acid [PUFA] residues, i.e. having two or more double bonds in their backboneGroup C12P7/6472 is impacted by reclassification into group C12P7/6458.
Groups C12P7/6472 and C12P7/6458 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/6481Phosphoglycerides phosphoglycerides having carboxylic acids with less than seven carbon atoms C12P7/62Group C12P7/6481 is impacted by reclassification into group C12P7/6458.
Groups C12P7/6481 and C12P7/6458 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/649Biodiesel, i.e. fatty acid alkyl estersGroup C12P7/649 is impacted by reclassification into group C12P7/6458.
Groups C12P7/649 and C12P7/6458 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. C12P7/66containing the quinoid structure C12P9/00Preparation of organic compounds containing a metal or atom other than H, N, C, O, S or halogen phosphoglycerides, C12P7/6481 C12P11/00Preparation of sulfur-containing organic compounds C12P13/00Preparation of nitrogen-containing organic compounds C12P13/001Amines; Imines C12P13/002Nitriles (-CN) C12P13/004Cyanohydrins C12P13/005Amino acids other than alpha- or beta amino acids, e.g. gamma amino acids C12P13/007Carnitine; Butyrobetaine; Crotonobetaine C12P13/008containing a N-O bond, e.g. nitro (-NO₂), nitroso (-NO) C12P13/02Amides, e.g. chloramphenicol or polyamides; Imides or polyimides; Urethanes, i.e. compounds comprising N-C=O structural element or polyurethanes peptides C12P21/00 or C07K C12P13/04Alpha- or beta- amino acids other amino acids C12P13/005 C12P13/06AlanineLeucineIsoleucineSerineHomoserine C12P13/08LysineDiaminopimelic acidThreonineValine C12P13/10CitrullineArginineOrnithine C12P13/12MethionineCysteineCystine C12P13/14Glutamic acidGlutamine C12P13/16using surfactants, fatty acids or fatty acid esters, i.e. having at least seven carbon atoms in an unbroken chain bound to a carboxyl group or a carboxyl ester group C12P13/18using biotin or its derivatives C12P13/20Aspartic acidAsparagine C12P13/22TryptophanTyrosinePhenylalanine3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine Processes for the preparation of different amino acids covered by more than one of the groups C12P13/222 - C12P13/227 are classified in group C12P13/22 C12P13/222Phenylalanine C12P13/225Tyrosine; 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine C12P13/227Tryptophan C12P13/24ProlineHydroxyprolineHistidine C12P15/00Preparation of compounds containing at least three condensed carbocyclic rings gibbanes C12P27/00; naphthacenes C12P29/00 C12P17/00Preparation of heterocyclic carbon compounds with only O, N, S, Se or Te as ring hetero atoms C12P13/04 - C12P13/24 take precedence C12P17/02Oxygen as only ring hetero atoms C12P17/04containing a five-membered hetero ring, e.g. griseofulvin , vitamin C C12P17/06containing a six-membered hetero ring, e.g. fluorescein C12P17/08containing a hetero ring of at least seven ring members, e.g. zearalenone, macrolide aglycons C12P17/10Nitrogen as only ring hetero atom C12P17/12containing a six-membered hetero ring C12P17/14Nitrogen or oxygen as hetero atom and at least one other diverse hetero ring atom in the same ring C12P17/16containing two or more hetero rings thiamine open chain analogs C12P17/167, i.e. not condensed among themselves or through a common carbocyclic ring system C12P17/162Heterorings having oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. Lasalocid C12P17/165Heterorings having nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms C12P17/167Heterorings having sulfur atoms as ring heteroatoms, e.g. vitamin B1, thiamine nucleus and open chain analogs C12P17/18containing at least two hetero rings condensed among themselves or condensed with a common carbocyclic ring system, e.g. rifamycin e.g. Rifamycin C12P17/189 C12P17/181Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system, e.g. Salinomycin, Septamycin C12P17/182Heterocyclic compounds containing nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms in the condensed system alloxazine or isoalloxazine, e.g. riboflavine C12P25/00 C12P17/183containing an indolo[4,3-F,G]quinoleine nucleus, e.g. compound containing the lysergic acid nucleus as well as the dimeric ergot nucleus C12P17/184containing a beta-lactam ring, e.g. thienamycin C12P17/185Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms in the condensed system cepam nucleus C12P35/00; penam nucleus C12P37/00 C12P17/186containing a 2-oxo-thieno[3,4-d]imidazol nucleus, e.g. Biotin C12P17/187containing two or more directly linked sulfur atoms, e.g. epithiopiperazines C12P17/188Heterocyclic compound containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen atoms and oxygen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms ergot-alcaloids C12P17/183 C12P17/189containing the rifamycin nucleus C12P19/00Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals ketoaldonic acids C12P7/58 Attention is drawn to the term "saccharide radical" in the first Note following the title of subclass C07H. C12P19/02Monosaccharides 2-ketogulonic acid C12P7/60 C12P19/04Polysaccharides, i.e. compounds containing more than five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic bonds C12P19/06Xanthan, i.e. Xanthomonas-type heteropolysaccharides C12P19/08Dextran C12P19/10Pullulan C12P19/12Disaccharides C12P19/14produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase , e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase C12P19/16produced by the action of an alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, e.g. amylose, debranched amylopectin non-biological hydrolysis of starch C08B30/00 C12P19/18produced by the action of a glycosyl transferase, e.g. alpha-, beta- or gamma-cyclodextrins C12P19/20produced by the action of an exo-1,4 alpha-glucosidase, e.g. dextrose C12P19/22produced by the action of a beta-amylase, e.g. maltose C12P19/24produced by the action of an isomerase, e.g. fructose C12P19/26Preparation of nitrogen-containing carbohydrates C12P19/28N-glycosides C12P19/30Nucleotides C12P19/305Pyrimidine nucleotides C12P19/32having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two N-atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleotides, nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide C12P19/34Polynucleotides, e.g. nucleic acids, oligoribonucleotides C12P19/36Dinucleotides, e.g. nicotineamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate C12P19/38Nucleosides C12P19/385Pyrimidine nucleosides C12P19/40having a condensed ring system containing a six-membered ring having two nitrogen atoms in the same ring, e.g. purine nucleosides C12P19/42Cobalamins, i.e. vitamin B₁₂, LLD factor C12P19/44Preparation of O-glycosides, e.g. glucosides polysaccharides and not substituted disaccharides C12P19/04, C12P19/12 C12P19/445The saccharide radical is condensed with a heterocyclic radical, e.g. everninomycin, papulacandin C12P19/46having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical bound to a cyclohexyl radical, e.g. kasugamycin C12P19/48the cyclohexyl radical being substituted by two or more nitrogen atoms, e.g. destomycin, neamin C12P19/485Having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to non-adjacent ring carbons of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. gentamycin, kanamycin, sisomycin, verdamycin, mutamycin, tobramycin, nebramycin, antibiotics 66-40B, 66-40D, XK-62-2, 66-40, G-418, G-52 see also C12P19/54 C12P19/50having two saccharide radicals bound through only oxygen to adjacent ring carbon atoms of the cyclohexyl radical, e.g. ambutyrosin, ribostamycin C12P19/52containing three or more saccharide radicals, e.g. neomycin, lividomycin C12P19/54the cyclohexyl radical being bound directly to a nitrogen atom of two or more radicals, e.g. streptomycin C12P19/56having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound to a condensed ring system having three or more carbocyclic rings, e.g. daunomycin, adriamycin C12P19/58having an oxygen atom of the saccharide radical directly bound through only acyclic carbon atoms to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. bleomycin, phleomycin C12P19/60having an oxygen of the saccharide radical directly bound to a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring or a condensed ring system containing a non-saccharide heterocyclic ring, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin C12P19/605 C12P19/605to a 1-benzopyran-2-on (or the chalcones and hydrogenated chalcones thereof, e.g. coumermycin, novobiocin, novenamin) C12P19/62the hetero ring having eight or more ring members and only oxygen as ring hetero atoms, e.g. erythromycin, spiramycin, nystatin C12P19/623Avermectin; Milbemycin; Ivermectin; C-076 C12P19/626Natamycin; Pimaricin; Tennecetin C12P19/64Preparation of S-glycosides, e.g. lincomycin C12P21/00Preparation of peptides or proteins single cell protein C12N1/00 C12P21/005Glycopeptides, glycoproteins C12P21/02having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione C12P21/06produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products preparing foodstuffs by protein hydrolysis A23J3/00 C12P23/00Preparation of compounds containing a cyclohexene ring having an unsaturated side chain containing at least ten carbon atoms bound by conjugated double bonds, e.g. carotenes containing heterorings C12P17/00 C12P25/00Preparation of compounds containing alloxazine or isoalloxazine nucleus, e.g. riboflavin C12P27/00Preparation of compounds containing a gibbane ring system, e.g. gibberellin C12P29/00Preparation of compounds containing a naphthacene ring system, e.g. tetracycline C12P19/00 takes precedence C12P31/00Preparation of compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having at least one oxygen atom directly bound to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly bound to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having at least one oxygen atom bound in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins C12P31/005by fermentation or enzyme-using processes from marine organisms, e.g. Plexaura Homomalla C12P33/00Preparation of steroids Attention is drawn to the definition of steroids in the note following the title of subclass C07J. In groups C12P33/02 - C12P33/20, the terms "acting", "forming", "hydroxylating", "dehydroxylating" and "dehydrogenating" refer to the action of a microorganism or enzyme rather than other chemical action. C12P33/005Degradation of the lateral chains at position 17 C12P33/02DehydrogenatingDehydroxylating C12P33/04Forming an aryl ring from A ring C12P33/06Hydroxylating C12P33/08at 11 position C12P33/10at 11 alpha-position C12P33/12Acting on D ring carbons 13 and 14 belong to the C ring; degradation of lateral chains C12P33/005 C12P33/14Hydroxylating at 16 position C12P33/16Acting at 17 position C12P33/18Hydroxylating at 17 position C12P33/20containing heterocyclic rings reactions are also classified in groups C12P33/00 - C12P33/18 C12P35/00Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin C12P35/02by desacylation of the substituent in the 7 position C12P35/04by acylation of the substituent in the 7 position C12P35/06Cephalosporin CDerivatives thereof C12P35/08disubstituted in the 7 position C12P37/00Preparation of compounds having a 4-thia-1-azabicyclo [3.2.0] heptane ring system, e.g. penicillin C12P37/02in presence of phenylacetic acid or phenylacetamide or their derivatives not to be used C12P37/04by acylation of the substituent in the 6 position C12P37/06by desacylation of the substituent in the 6 position C12P39/00Processes involving microorganisms of different genera in the same process, simultaneously C12P41/00Processes using enzymes or microorganisms to separate optical isomers from a racemic mixture C12P41/001by metabolizing one of the enantiomers C12P41/002by oxidation/reduction reactions C12P41/003by ester formation, lactone formation or the inverse reactions C12P41/004by esterification of alcohol- or thiol groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction C12P41/005by esterification of carboxylic acid groups in the enantiomers or the inverse reaction C12P41/006by reactions involving C-N bonds, e.g. nitriles, amides, hydantoins, carbamates, lactames, transamination reactions, or keto group formation from racemic mixtures C12P41/007by reactions involving acyl derivatives of racemic amines C12P41/008by reactions involving carbamates C12P41/009by reactions involving hydantoins or carbamoylamino compounds C12P2201/00 C12P2201/00Pretreatment of cellulosic or lignocellulosic material for subsequent enzymatic treatment or hydrolysis C12P2203/00Fermentation products obtained from optionally pretreated or hydrolyzed cellulosic or lignocellulosic material as the carbon source ethanol C12P7/10