G01VGEOPHYSICSGRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTSDETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTSTAGS means for indicating the location of accidentally buried, e.g. snow-buried persons A63B29/02This subclass covers radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems specifically designed for geophysical use. Radar, sonar, lidar or analogous systems, or details of such systems, if of a general interest, are also classified in subclass G01S.In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:"tags" means arrangements cooperating with a detecting field, e.g. near field, and designed to produce a specific detectable effect; "tags" also means active markers capable of generating a detectable field.In this subclass, the geophysical methods apply both to the earth and to other celestial objects, e.g. planets.Attention is drawn to the Notes following the title of class G01.The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: G01V3/11 covered by G01V3/101, G01V3/104In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. G01V1/00 G01V1/00SeismologySeismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting Groups G01V1/44 - G01V1/52 take precedence over groups G01V1/001 - G01V1/393 G01V1/42 G01V1/001Acoustic presence detection measurement of sonic vibrations G01H; alarm systems G08B G01V1/003Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design G01V1/3808, G01V1/42 takes precedence G01V1/005with exploration systems emitting special signals, e.g. frequency swept signals, pulse sequences or slip sweep arrangements G01V1/006generating single signals by using more than one generator, e.g. beam steering or focussing arrays G01V1/13, G01V1/3861 takes precedence G01V1/008Earthquake measurement or prediction event detection for microseismic events G01V1/288 G01V1/02Generating seismic energy G01V1/003 takes precedence G01V1/04Details G01V1/047Arrangements for coupling the generator to the ground G01V1/0475for controlling "Ground Force" G01V1/053for generating transverse waves G01V1/06Ignition devices G01V1/393 takes precedence G01V1/08involving time-delay devices G01V1/09Transporting arrangements, e.g. on vehicles G01V1/38 takes precedence G01V1/104using explosive charges G01V1/157 takes precedence G01V1/108by deforming or displacing surfaces of enclosures G01V1/112for use on the surface of the earth G01V1/116where pressurised combustion gases escape from the generator in a pulsating manner, e.g. for generating bursts G01V1/13Arrangements or disposition of charges to produce a desired pattern in space or time G01V1/133using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosionG01V1/104 takes precedence G01V1/135by deforming or displacing surfaces of enclosures , e.g. by hydraulically driven vibroseis™ G01V1/137which fluid escapes from the generator in a pulsating manner, e.g. for generating bursts , airguns G01V1/143using mechanical driving means , e.g. motor driven shaftG01V1/104, G01V1/133 take precedence G01V1/145by deforming or displacing surfaces , e.g. by mechanically driven vibroseis™ G01V1/147using impact of dropping masses G01V1/153using rotary unbalanced masses G01V1/155using reciprocating masses G01V1/157using spark dischargesusing exploding wires G01V1/159using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive driving means generating mechanical vibrations by using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive effect in general, B06B1/06, B06B1/08 G01V1/16Receiving elements for seismic signalsArrangements or adaptations of receiving elements G01V1/162Details G01V1/164Circuits therefore G01V1/166Arrangements for coupling receivers to the ground G01V1/168Deployment of receiver elements G01V1/3843 takes precedence G01V1/18Receiving elements, e.g. seismometer, geophone or torque detectors, for localised single point measurements G01V1/181Geophones G01V1/182with moving coil G01V1/183with moving magnet G01V1/184Multi-component geophones G01V1/185with adaptable orientation, e.g. gimballed G01V1/186Hydrophones G01V1/187Direction-sensitive hydrophones G01V1/188with pressure compensating means G01V1/189Combinations of different types of receiving elements G01V1/20Arrangements of receiving elements, e.g. geophone pattern G01V1/201Constructional details of seismic cables, e.g. streamers integrated optoseismic systems G01V1/226; line connectors in general H01R, transducer mountings in general G10K11/004 G01V1/202Connectors, e.g. for force, signal or power G01V2001/204Reinforcements, e.g. by tensioning cables G01V2001/205Internal damping G01V2001/207Buoyancy G01V1/208having a continuous structure detecting traffic G08G, transducers in general G10K G01V1/22Transmitting seismic signals to recording or processing apparatus G01V1/223Radioseismic systems G01V1/226Optoseismic systems G01V1/24Recording seismic data G01V1/242Seismographs G01V1/245Amplitude control for seismic recording control of amplification in general H03G G01V1/247Digital recording of seismic data, e.g. in acquisition units or nodes G01V1/26Reference-signal-transmitting devices, e.g. indicating moment of firing of shot G01V1/28Processing seismic data, e.g. analysis, for interpretation, for correction G01V1/48 takes precedence G01V1/282Application of seismic models, synthetic seismograms G01V1/284Application of the shear wave component and/or several components of the seismic signal G01V1/286Mode conversion G01V1/288Event detection in seismic signals, e.g. microseismics earthquakes G01V1/008; G01V1/36 takes precedence G01V1/30Analysis G01V1/50 takes precedence G01V1/301for determining seismic cross-sections or geostructures G01V1/302in 3D data cubes G01V1/303for determining velocity profiles or travel times G01V1/305Travel times G01V1/306for determining physical properties of the subsurface, e.g. impedance, porosity or attenuation profiles G01V1/307for determining seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, instantaneous phase or frequency, reflection strength or polarity G01V1/308Time lapse or 4D effects, e.g. production related effects to the formation fluid flow per se E21B47/00 G01V1/32Transforming one recording into another or one representation into another G01V1/325Transforming one representation into another G01V1/34Displaying seismic recordings or visualisation of seismic data or attributes G01V1/345Visualisation of seismic data or attributes, e.g. in 3D cubes G01V1/36Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spreadCorrelating seismic signalsEliminating effects of unwanted energy G01V1/362Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking G01V1/364Seismic filtering G01V1/37 takes precedence G01V1/366by correlation of seismic signals G01V1/368Inverse filtering G01V1/37specially adapted for seismic systems using continuous agitation of the ground , e.g. using pulse compression of frequency swept signals for enhancement of received signals G01V1/375Correlating received seismic signals with the emitted source signal G01V1/38specially adapted for water-covered areas G01V1/28, G01V1/42 take precedence G01V1/3808Seismic data acquisition, e.g. survey design in general G01V1/003 G01V1/3817Positioning of seismic devices G01V1/3826dynamic steering, e.g. by paravanes or birds G01V1/3835measuring position, e.g. by GPS or acoustically G01V1/3843Deployment of seismic devices, e.g. of streamers equipment for marine deployment in general B63B G01V1/3852to the seabed G01V1/3861control of source arrays, e.g. for far field control G01V1/387Reducing secondary bubble pulse, i.e. reducing the detected signals resulting from the generation and release of gas bubbles after the primary explosion G01V1/393Means for loading explosive underwater charges, e.g. combined with ignition devices G01V1/40specially adapted for well-logging G01V1/42using generators in one well and receivers elsewhere or vice versa G01V1/52 takes precedence G01V1/44using generators and receivers in the same well G01V1/52 takes precedence G01V1/46Data acquisition G01V1/48Processing data G01V1/50Analysing data G01V1/52Structural details G01V1/523Damping devices G01V2001/526Mounting of transducers G01V3/00Electric or magnetic prospecting or detectingMeasuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth, e.g. declination, deviation G01V3/02operating with propagation of electric current G01V3/04using dc G01V3/06using ac G01V3/08operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by objects or geological structures or by detecting devices with electromagnetic waves G01V3/12 G01V3/081the magnetic field is produced by the objects or geological structures characterised by the method of magnetic field measurement G01R33/00 G01V3/082operating with fields produced by spontaneous potentials, e.g. electrochemical or produced by telluric currents G01V3/26 takes precedence G01V3/083Controlled source electromagnetic [CSEM] surveying G01V2003/084Sources G01V2003/085Receivers G01V2003/086Processing G01V3/087the earth magnetic field being modified by the objects or geological structures G01V3/088operating with electric fields G01V3/082 takes precedence G01V3/10using induction coils G01V3/101by measuring the impedance of the search coil; by measuring features of a resonant circuit comprising the search coil measuring impedance or characteristics derived therefrom G01R27/00, e.g. quality factor G01R27/26 G01V3/102by measuring amplitude G01V3/104using several coupled or uncoupled coils G01V3/101 takes precedence G01V3/105forming directly coupled primary and secondary coils or loops G01V3/107using compensating coil or loop arrangements G01V3/108the emitter and the receiver coils or loops being uncoupled by positioning them perpendicularly to each other G01V3/12operating with electromagnetic waves operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005 G01V3/14operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance G01V3/15specially adapted for use during transport, e.g. by a person, vehicle or boat G01V3/16specially adapted for use from aircraft G01V3/165 - G01V3/175 take precedence G01V3/165operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified by the object or by the detecting device with electromagnetic waves G01V3/17 G01V3/17operating with electromagnetic waves operating with millimetre waves G01V8/005 G01V3/175operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance G01V3/18specially adapted for well-logging G01V3/20operating with propagation of electric current G01V3/22using dc G01V3/24using ac G01V3/26operating with magnetic or electric fields produced or modified either by the surrounding earth formation or by the detecting device with electromagnetic waves G01V3/30 G01V3/265Operating with fields produced by spontaneous potentials, e.g. electrochemicals or produced by telluric currents G01V3/28using induction coils G01V3/30operating with electromagnetic waves G01V3/32operating with electron or nuclear magnetic resonance G01V3/34Transmitting data to recording or processing apparatusRecording data G01V3/36Recording data G01V3/34 takes precedence G01V3/38Processing data, e.g. for analysis, for interpretation, for correction G01V3/40specially adapted for measuring magnetic field characteristics of the earth G01V5/00Prospecting or detecting by the use of nuclear radiation, e.g. of natural or induced radioactivity G01V5/0008Detecting hidden objects, e.g. weapons, explosives sorting of materials or articles according to radioactive properties B07C5/342; investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation G01N23/00 G01V5/0016Active interrogation, i.e. using an external radiation source, e.g. using pulsed, continuous or cosmic rays G01V5/0025Measuring scattered radiation G01V5/0033Mixed interrogation beams, e.g. using more than one type of radiation beam G01V5/0041Multiple energy techniques using one type of radiation, e.g. X-rays of different energies multi-beam applications, e.g. X-rays and neutrons G01V5/0033; spectroscopic applications G01V5/0016 G01V5/005using Tomography, e.g. CT or SPECT detector details in CT applications G01T1/2985 G01V5/0058using stereoscopic means G01V5/0066having relative motion between the source, detector and object other than by conveyor G01V5/005 takes precedence G01V5/0069Measuring induced radiation, e.g. thermal neutron activation analysis investigating or analysing materials by the use of neutrons G01N23/222 G01V5/0075Passive interrogation for hand, feet or portals G01T1/167; for contaminated surface areas G01T1/169 G01V5/0083utilizing a network, e.g. a remote expert, accessing remote data or the like G01V5/0091detecting special nuclear material [SNM], e.g. Uranium-235, Uranium-233 or Plutonium-239 G01V5/02specially adapted for surface logging, e.g. from aircraft G01V5/025specially adapted for use from aircraft G01V5/04specially adapted for well-logging G01V5/045Transmitting data to recording or processing apparatus; Recording data G01V5/06for detecting naturally radioactive minerals G01V5/08using primary nuclear radiation sources or X-rays , e.g. for inducing radioactivity; investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, neutrons G01N23/00 G01V5/085using another radioactive source G01V5/10using neutron sources neutron generating tubes H05H5/00; neutron sources using isotopes G21G4/00 G01V5/101and detecting the secondary Y-rays produced in the surrounding layers of the bore hole G01V5/102the neutron source being of the pulsed type G01V5/104and detecting secondary Y-rays as well as reflected or back-scattered neutrons G01V5/105the neutron source being of the pulsed type G01V5/107and detecting reflected or back-scattered neutrons G01V5/108the neutron source being of the pulsed type G01V5/12using gamma or X-ray sources gamma sources using isotopes G21G4/00; X-ray tubes H01J35/00 G01V5/125and detecting the secondary gamma- or X-rays in different places along the bore hole G01V5/14using a combination of several sources, e.g. a neutron and a gamma source G01V5/145using a neutron source combined with a gamma- or X-ray source G01V7/00Measuring gravitational fields or wavesGravimetric prospecting or detecting G01V7/005using a resonating body or device, e.g. string G01V7/08 - G01V7/12 take precedence; measuring resonant frequency of mechanical vibrations G01H13/00; measuring frequency per se G01R23/00 G01V7/02Details G01V7/04Electric, photoelectric, or magnetic indicating or recording means G01V7/06Analysis or interpretation of gravimetric records G01V7/08using balances G01V7/10using torsion balances, e.g. Eötvös balance G01V7/12using pendulums G01V7/14using free-fall time G01V7/16specially adapted for use on moving platforms, e.g. ship, aircraft G01V8/00Prospecting or detecting by optical means This group covers the use of millimetre waves, infra-red, visible or ultra-violet light. G01V8/005operating with millimetre waves, e.g. measuring the black losey radiation G01V8/02Prospecting G01V8/10Detecting, e.g. by using light barriers by reflection from the object G01S17/00 G01V8/12using one transmitter and one receiver G01V8/14using reflectors G01V8/16using optical fibres G01V8/18using mechanical scanning systems G01V8/20using multiple transmitters or receivers G01V8/22using reflectors G01V8/24using optical fibres G01V8/26using mechanical scanning systems G01V9/00Prospecting or detecting by methods not provided for in groups G01V1/00 - G01V8/00 G01V9/002using fields or radiation detectable only by persons susceptible therefor, e.g. radio-esthesis, dowsing G01V9/005by thermal methods, e.g. after generation of heat by chemical reactions G01V9/007by detecting gases or particles representative of underground layers at or near the surface analysing earth materials G01N33/24; analysing gases per se G01N G01V9/02Determining existence or flow of underground water G01V11/00Prospecting or detecting by methods combining techniques covered by two or more of main groups G01V1/00 - G01V9/00 G01V11/002Details, e.g. power supply systems for logging instruments, transmitting or recording data, specially adapted for well logging, also if the prospecting method is irrelevant means for transmitting well survey signals E21B47/12; signal transmission systems in general G08C; transmission in general H04B G01V11/005Devices for positioning logging sondes with respect to the borehole wall centralising devices for drilling rods or pipes E21B17/10; setting or locking tools in boreholes E21B23/00; locating objects in boreholes E21B47/09 G01V11/007using the seismo-electric effect G01V13/00Manufacturing, calibrating, cleaning, or repairing instruments or devices covered by groups G01V1/00 – G01V11/00 G01V15/00Tags attached to, or associated with, an object, in order to enable detection of the object record carriers for use with machines having a detectable tag or marker G06K19/00 G01V99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass G01V99/005Geomodels or geomodelling, not related to particular measurements G01V2200/00 G01V2200/00Details of seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting in general G01V2200/10Miscellaneous details G01V2200/12Clock synchronization-related issues G01V2200/14Quality control G01V2200/16Measure-while-drilling or logging-while-drilling G01V2210/00Details of seismic processing or analysis G01V2210/10Aspects of acoustic signal generation or detection G01V2210/12Signal generation G01V2210/121Active source G01V2210/1212Shot G01V2210/1214Continuous G01V2210/1216Drilling-related G01V2210/123Passive source, e.g. microseismics G01V2210/1232Earthquakes G01V2210/1234Hydrocarbon reservoir, e.g. spontaneous or induced fracturing G01V2210/1236Acoustic daylight, e.g. cultural noise G01V2210/125Virtual source G01V2210/127Cooperating multiple sources G01V2210/129Source location G01V2210/1291Air G01V2210/1293Sea G01V2210/1295Land surface G01V2210/1297Sea bed G01V2210/1299Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line G01V2210/14Signal detection G01V2210/142Receiver location G01V2210/1421Air G01V2210/1423Sea G01V2210/1425Land surface G01V2210/1427Sea bed G01V2210/1429Subsurface, e.g. in borehole or below weathering layer or mud line G01V2210/144with functionally associated receivers, e.g. hydrophone and geophone pairs G01V2210/16Survey configurations G01V2210/161Vertical seismic profiling [VSP] G01V2210/163Cross-well G01V2210/165Wide azimuth G01V2210/167Very long offset G01V2210/169Sparse arrays G01V2210/20Trace signal pre-filtering to select, remove or transform specific events or signal components, i.e. trace-in/trace-out removing noise G01V2210/32 G01V2210/21Frequency-domain filtering, e.g. band pass G01V2210/22Time-domain filtering G01V2210/23Wavelet filtering G01V2210/24Multi-trace filtering G01V2210/242F-k filtering, e.g. ground roll G01V2210/244Radon transform G01V2210/25Transform filter for merging or comparing traces from different surveys G01V2210/26Modulation or demodulation, e.g. for continuous sources G01V2210/27Other pre-filtering G01V2210/30Noise handling trace signal pre-filtering G01V2210/20 G01V2210/32Noise reduction G01V2210/322Trace stacking G01V2210/324Filtering G01V2210/3242Flow noise G01V2210/3244Cultural noise G01V2210/3246Coherent noise, e.g. spatially coherent or predictable G01V2210/3248Incoherent noise, e.g. white noise G01V2210/34Noise estimation quality control G01V2200/14 G01V2210/36Noise recycling, i.e. retrieving non-seismic information from noise G01V2210/38Noise characterisation or classification G01V2210/40Transforming data representation for pre-filtering purposes G01V2210/20 G01V2210/41Arrival times, e.g. of P or S wave or first break G01V2210/42Waveform, i.e. using raw or pre-filtered trace data G01V2210/43Spectral G01V2210/44F-k domain G01V2210/45F-x or F-xy domain G01V2210/46Radon transform G01V2210/47Slowness, e.g. tau-pi G01V2210/48Other transforms G01V2210/50Corrections or adjustments related to wave propagation noise handling G01V2210/30 G01V2210/51Migration G01V2210/512Pre-stack G01V2210/514Post-stack G01V2210/52Move-out correction G01V2210/522Dip move-out [DMO] G01V2210/53Statics correction, e.g. weathering layer or transformation to a datum G01V2210/532Dynamic changes in statics, e.g. sea waves or tidal influences G01V2210/54Borehole-related corrections G01V2210/542Casing G01V2210/544Invasion zone G01V2210/55Array focusingPhased arrays G01V2210/56De-ghostingReverberation compensation G01V2210/57Trace interpolation or extrapolation, e.g. for virtual receiverAnti-aliasing for missing receivers G01V2210/58Media-related G01V2210/582Dispersion G01V2210/584Attenuation G01V2210/586Anisotropic media G01V2210/588Non-linear media G01V2210/59Other corrections G01V2210/60Analysis G01V2210/61Analysis by combining or comparing a seismic data set with other data G01V2210/612Previously recorded data, e.g. time-lapse or 4D G01V2210/6122Tracking reservoir changes over time, e.g. due to production G01V2210/6124Subsidence, i.e. upwards or downwards G01V2210/614Synthetically generated data G01V2210/616Data from specific type of measurement G01V2210/6161Seismic or acoustic, e.g. land or sea measurements G01V2210/6163Electromagnetic G01V2210/6165Gravitational G01V2210/6167Nuclear G01V2210/6169using well-logging G01V2210/62Physical property of subsurface G01V2210/622Velocity, density or impedance G01V2210/6222Velocitytravel time G01V2210/6224Density G01V2210/6226Impedance G01V2210/624Reservoir parameters G01V2210/6242Elastic parameters, e.g. Young, Lamé or Poisson G01V2210/6244Porosity G01V2210/6246Permeability G01V2210/6248Pore pressure G01V2210/626with anisotropy G01V2210/63Seismic attributes, e.g. amplitude, polarity, instant phase G01V2210/632Amplitude variation versus offset or angle of incidence [AVA, AVO, AVI] G01V2210/64Geostructures, e.g. in 3D data cubes G01V2210/641Continuity of geobodies G01V2210/642Faults G01V2210/643Horizon tracking G01V2210/644Connectivity, e.g. for fluid movement G01V2210/645Fluid contacts G01V2210/646Fractures G01V2210/647Gas hydrates G01V2210/65Source localisation, e.g. faults, hypocenters or reservoirs G01V2210/66Subsurface modeling G01V2210/661Model from sedimentation process modeling, e.g. from first principles G01V2210/663Modeling production-induced effects G01V2210/665using geostatistical modeling G01V2210/6652Kriging G01V2210/667Determining confidence or uncertainty in parameters G01V2210/67Wave propagation modeling G01V2210/671Raytracing G01V2210/673Finite-elementFinite-difference G01V2210/675Wave equationGreen's functions G01V2210/677SpectralPseudo-spectral G01V2210/679Reverse-time modeling or coalescence modelling, i.e. starting from receivers G01V2210/70Other details related to processing G01V2210/72Real-time processing G01V2210/74Visualisation of seismic data