G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "microstructural devices" and "microstructural systems". This subclass does not cover:devices or arrangements, the optical operation of which is modified by changing the optical properties of the medium of the devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light, frequency-changing, non-linear optics, optical logic elements;optical analogue/digital converters​;which are covered by subclass G02F.The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:G02B11/00 – G02B11/34 covered by G02B9/00 and G02B13/00In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. G02B1/00 G02B1/00Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are madeOptical coatings for optical elements G02B1/002made of materials engineered to provide properties not available in nature, e.g. metamaterials G02B1/005made of photonic crystals or photonic band gap materials photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices in integrated optics G02B6/1225; photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices in optical fibres G02B6/02295 G02B1/007made of negative effective refractive index materials G02B1/02made of crystals, e.g. rock-salt, semi-conductors G02B1/08 takes precedence G02B1/04made of organic materials, e.g. plastics G02B1/08 takes precedence In this group the use of specific polymers is indicated using the relevant subdivision of C08L preceded by a plus sign G02B1/041Lenses G02B1/043Contact lenses G02B1/045Light guides G02B1/046characterised by the core material G02B1/048characterised by the cladding material G02B1/06made of fluids in transparent cells G02B1/08made of polarising materials G02B1/10Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements G02B1/08 takes precedence G02B1/11Anti-reflection coatings G02B1/111using layers comprising organic materials G02B1/113using inorganic layer materials only G02B1/115Multilayers G02B1/116including electrically conducting layersWhen the arrangement of electrically conducting layers also exhibit an anti-static effect, classification is also made in group G02B1/16 G02B1/118having sub-optical wavelength surface structures designed to provide an enhanced transmittance, e.g. moth-eye structures G02B1/12by surface treatment, e.g. by irradiation G02B1/14Protective coatings, e.g. hard coatings G02B1/16having an anti-static effect, e.g. electrically conducting coatings G02B1/18Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films G02B1/16 takes precedence G02B3/00Simple or compound lenses G02B3/0006Arrays G02B3/02, G02B5/188 take precedence G02B3/0012characterised by the manufacturing method G02B3/0018Reflow, i.e. characterized by the step of melting microstructures to form curved surfaces, e.g. manufacturing of moulds and surfaces for transfer etching G02B3/0025Machining, e.g. grinding, polishing, diamond turning, manufacturing of mould parts G02B3/0031Replication or moulding, e.g. hot embossing, UV-casting, injection moulding G02B3/0037characterized by the distribution or form of lenses G02B3/0043Inhomogeneous or irregular arrays, e.g. varying shape, size, height G02B3/005arranged along a single direction only, e.g. lenticular sheets G02B3/0043 takes precedence G02B3/0056arranged along two different directions in a plane, e.g. honeycomb arrangement of lenses G02B3/0043 takes precedence; miniaturised objectives for electronic devices employing wafer level optics G02B13/0085 G02B3/0062Stacked lens arrays, i.e. refractive surfaces arranged in at least two planes, without structurally separate optical elements in-between G02B3/0068arranged in a single integral body or plate, e.g. laminates or hybrid structures with other optical elements G02B5/1885, G02B17/002, G02B30/27 take precedence G02B3/0075characterized by non-optical structures, e.g. having integrated holding or alignment means G02B3/0081having one or more elements with analytic function to create variable power variable magnification in general G02B15/00 G02B3/0087with index gradient G02B2003/0093characterised by the shape G02B3/02with non-spherical faces G02B3/10 takes precedence G02B3/04with continuous faces that are rotationally symmetrical but deviate from a true sphere , e.g. so called "aspheric" lenses G02B3/06with cylindrical or toric faces G02B3/08with discontinuous faces, e.g. Fresnel lens diffractive Fresnel lenses G02B5/1876 G02B3/10Bifocal lensesMultifocal lenses G02B3/12Fluid-filled or evacuated lenses G02B3/14of variable focal length G02B5/00Optical elements other than lenses light guides G02B6/00; optical logic elements G02F3/00 G02B5/001Axicons, waxicons, reflaxicons G02B5/003Light absorbing elements G02B5/005Diaphragms for cameras G03B9/02 G02B5/006cooled G02B5/008Surface plasmon devices diffractive gratings with a pitch less than or comparable to the wavelength G02B5/1809; surface plasmons in integrated optics G02B6/1226; optical analysis of materials by means of surface plasmons G01N21/553 G02B5/02Diffusing elementsAfocal elements G02B5/0205characterised by the diffusing properties G02B5/021the diffusion taking place at the element's surface, e.g. by means of surface roughening or microprismatic structures G02B5/0215the surface having a regular structure G02B5/0221the surface having an irregular structure G02B5/0226 takes precedence G02B5/0226having particles on the surface G02B5/0231the surface having microprismatic or micropyramidal shape macroscopic prism arrays G02B5/045 G02B5/0236the diffusion taking place within the volume of the element G02B5/0242by means of dispersed particles G02B5/0247by means of voids or pores G02B5/0252using holographic or diffractive means G02B5/0257creating an anisotropic diffusion characteristic, i.e. distributing output differently in two perpendicular axes G02B5/0263with positional variation of the diffusing properties, e.g. gradient or patterned diffuser G02B5/0268characterized by the fabrication or manufacturing method G02B5/0273characterized by the use G02B5/0278used in transmission G02B5/0284used in reflection G02B5/0289used as a transflector G02B5/0294adapted to provide an additional optical effect, e.g. anti-reflection or filter G02B5/04Prisms G02B5/045Prism arrays G02B5/06Fluid-filled or evacuated prisms G02B5/08Mirrors vehicle mirrors involving special optical features B60R1/08 G02B5/0808having a single reflecting layer G02B5/0883, G02B5/0891 take precedence G02B5/0816Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers G02B5/0883, G02B5/0891 take precedence G02B5/0825the reflecting layers comprising dielectric materials only G02B5/0833comprising inorganic materials only G02B5/0841comprising organic materials, e.g. polymers G02B5/085at least one of the reflecting layers comprising metal G02B5/0858the reflecting layers comprising a single metallic layer with one or more dielectric layers G02B5/0866incorporating one or more organic, e.g. polymeric layers G02B5/0875the reflecting layers comprising two or more metallic layers G02B5/0883with a refractive index gradient rugate filters G02B5/289 G02B5/0891Ultraviolet [UV] mirrors apparatus for microlithography exposure G03F7/70; X-ray multilayer structures G21K1/06 G02B5/09Multifaceted or polygonal mirrors , e.g. polygonal scanning mirrors; Fresnel mirrors G02B5/10with curved faces G02B5/12Reflex reflectors G02B5/122cube corner, trihedral or triple reflector type G02B5/124plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary plate or sheet G02B5/126including curved refracting surface G02B5/128transparent spheres being embedded in matrix G02B5/13plural curved refracting elements forming part of a unitary body G02B5/132with individual reflector mounting means G02B5/134including a threaded mounting member G02B5/136plural reflecting elements forming part of a unitary body G02B5/124 takes precedence G02B5/18Diffraction gratings holographic optical elements G02B5/32, G03H; integrally combined with optical fibres G02B6/02057; for coupling light guides G02B6/34; integrally combined with optical integrated light guides G02B6/12; grating systems G02B27/44 G02B2005/1804Transmission gratings G02B5/1809with pitch less than or comparable to the wavelength G02B5/1814structurally combined with one or more further optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors, prisms or other diffraction gratings G02B5/189 takes precedence G02B5/1819Plural gratings positioned on the same surface, e.g. array of gratings plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path G02B27/4272 G02B5/1823in an overlapping or superposed manner G02B5/1828having means for producing variable diffraction controlling the direction of light by means of one or more diffracting elements G02B26/0808; acousto-optical elements G02F1/11, G02F1/33; electro- or magneto-optical diffraction G02F1/292, G02F1/2955 G02B5/1833comprising birefringent materials birefringent elements per se G02B5/3083 G02B5/1838for use with ultraviolet radiation or X-rays G02B5/1842Gratings for image generation G02B5/1847 takes precedence G02B5/1847Manufacturing methods G02B5/1852using mechanical means, e.g. ruling with diamond tool, moulding G02B5/1857using exposure or etching means, e.g. holography, photolithography, exposure to electron or ion beams G02B5/1861Reflection gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials G02B5/1809, G02B5/1828, G02B5/1833, G02B5/1838 and G02B5/1847 take precedence G02B5/1866Transmission gratings characterised by their structure, e.g. step profile, contours of substrate or grooves, pitch variations, materials G02B5/1809, G02B5/1828, G02B5/1833, G02B5/1838 and G02B5/1847 take precedence G02B5/1871Transmissive phase gratings G02B5/1876Diffractive Fresnel lenses; Zone plates; Kinoforms G02B5/1842, G02B5/1847 take precedence; optical systems having diffractive correction means G02B27/0037; Fresnel lenses operating by refraction G02B3/08 G02B5/188Plurality of such optical elements formed in or on a supporting substrate G02B5/1885Arranged as a periodic array G02B5/189Structurally combined with optical elements not having diffractive power G02B5/1895such optical elements having dioptric power G02B5/20Filters polarising elements G02B5/30 G02B5/201in the form of arrays G02B5/202comprising a gas or vapour G02B5/203having holographic or diffractive elements diffraction gratings per se G02B5/18; holographic elements per se G02B5/32; generating the spectrum using diffraction elements G01J3/18 G02B5/204in which spectral selection is performed by means of a conductive grid or array, e.g. frequency selective surfaces for use with wavelengths longer than the infra-red light H01Q15/0006 G02B5/205Neutral density filters G02B5/206comprising particles embedded in a solid matrix G02B5/207comprising semiconducting materials G02B5/208for use with infra-red or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infra-red and/or ultraviolet radiation G02B5/22Absorbing filters G02B5/201 - G02B5/208 take precedence G02B5/223containing organic substances, e.g. dyes, inks or pigments G02B5/226Glass filters G02B5/23Photochromic filters G02B5/24Liquid filters G02B5/23 takes precedence G02B5/26Reflecting filters G02B5/28 takes precedence G02B5/265involving total internal reflection G02B5/28Interference filters G02B5/281designed for the infra-red light G02B5/282reflecting for infra-red and transparent for visible light, e.g. heat reflectors, laser protection G02B5/283designed for the ultraviolet G02B5/284of etalon type comprising a resonant cavity other than a thin solid film, e.g. gas, air, solid plates etalons for fibre optic multiplexing G02B6/29358; etalons for spectral measurement G01J3/26 G02B5/285comprising deposited thin solid films G02B5/281 - G02B5/289 take precedence; multilayered film filters for fibre optic multiplexing G02B6/29361 G02B5/286having four or fewer layers, e.g. for achieving a colour effect G02B5/287comprising at least one layer of organic material G02B5/288comprising at least one thin film resonant cavity, e.g. in bandpass filters G02B5/289Rugate filters G02B5/30Polarising elements light-modulating devices with active elements G02F1/00 G02B5/3008comprising dielectric particles, e.g. birefringent crystals embedded in a matrix G02B5/3016involving passive liquid crystal elements optical properties of liquid crystals G02F1/0063; polarising elements associated with active liquid crystal devices G02F1/133528 G02B5/3025Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence G02B5/3033in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid G02B5/3041comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks G02B5/305including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers G02B5/3058comprising electrically conductive elements, e.g. wire grids, conductive particles G02B5/3066involving the reflection of light at a particular angle of incidence, e.g. Brewster's angle G02B5/3075for use in the UV G02B5/3066 takes precedence G02B5/3083Birefringent or phase retarding elements G02B5/3008, G02B5/3016 take precedence; systems for polarisation control G02B27/286; manufacturing phase modulating patterns by lithographic processes G03F7/001 G02B5/3091for use in the UV G02B5/32Holograms used as optical elements G02B6/00Light guides G02B6/0001specially adapted for lighting devices or systems lighting or signalling on vehicles using light guides B60Q1/00; lighting devices for vehicle dashboards B60Q3/10; lighting devices for vehicle interior using light guides B60Q3/62; lighting devices mounted on the vehicle rear part using light guides F21S43/235; measuring arrangements having light conducting pointers G01D13/265; illumination of liquid crystal displays G02F1/1336; illuminated signs G09F13/00 G02B6/0003the light guides being doped with fluorescent agents G02B6/0005the light guides being of the fibre type G02B6/0003 takes precedence G02B6/0006Coupling light into the fibre in general G02B6/4298 G02B6/0008the light being emitted at the end of the fibre G02B6/001the light being emitted along at least a portion of the lateral surface of the fibre G02B6/0011the light guides being planar or of plate-like form G02B6/0013Means for improving the coupling-in of light from the light source into the light guide coupling light into light guides in general G02B6/42 G02B6/0015provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it G02B6/0016Grooves, prisms, gratings, scattering particles or rough surfaces G02B6/0018Redirecting means on the surface of the light guide G02B6/002by shaping at least a portion of the light guide, e.g. with collimating, focussing or diverging surfaces G02B6/0021for housing at least a part of the light source, e.g. by forming holes or recesses G02B6/0023provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed between the light guide and the light source, or around the light source G02B6/0025Diffusing sheet or layer; Prismatic sheet or layer G02B6/0026Wavelength selective element, sheet or layer, e.g. filter or grating G02B6/0028Light guide, e.g. taper G02B6/003Lens or lenticular sheet or layer G02B6/0031Reflecting element, sheet or layer G02B6/0033Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide G02B6/0035provided on the surface of the light guide or in the bulk of it G02B6/00362-D arrangement of prisms, protrusions, indentations or roughened surfaces G02B6/0038Linear indentations or grooves, e.g. arc-shaped grooves or meandering grooves, extending over the full length or width of the light guide G02B6/004Scattering dots or dot-like elements, e.g. microbeads, scattering particles, nanoparticles G02B6/0041provided in the bulk of the light guide G02B6/0043provided on the surface of the light guide G02B6/0045by shaping at least a portion of the light guide G02B6/0046Tapered light guide, e.g. wedge-shaped light guide G02B6/0048with stepwise taper G02B6/005provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide G02B6/0051Diffusing sheet or layer G02B6/0053Prismatic sheet or layer; Brightness enhancement element, sheet or layer G02B6/0055Reflecting element, sheet or layer G02B6/0056for producing polarisation effects, e.g. by a surface with polarizing properties or by an additional polarizing elements G02B6/0058varying in density, size, shape or depth along the light guide G02B6/006to produce indicia, symbols, texts or the like G02B6/0061to provide homogeneous light output intensity G02B6/0063for extracting light out both the major surfaces of the light guide G02B6/0065Manufacturing aspects; Material aspects When classifying in this group, classification must also be made in one or more of the groups of G02B6/0013 or G02B6/0033 for the related device aspects G02B6/0066characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide G02B6/0068Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources G02B6/007Incandescent lamp or gas discharge lamp G02B6/0071with elongated shape, e.g. tube G02B6/0073Light emitting diode [LED] G02B6/0075Arrangements of multiple light guides G02B6/0028 takes precedence G02B6/0076Stacked arrangements of multiple light guides of the same or different cross-sectional area G02B6/0078Side-by-side arrangements, e.g. for large area displays G02B6/008of the partially overlapping type G02B6/0081Mechanical or electrical aspects of the light guide and light source in the lighting device peculiar to the adaptation to planar light guides, e.g. concerning packaging G02B6/0083Details of electrical connections of light sources to drivers, circuit boards, or the like G02B6/0085Means for removing heat created by the light source from the package heat extraction or cooling elements for semiconductor light sources in general H01L33/64 G02B6/0086Positioning aspects G02B6/0088of the light guide or other optical sheets in the package G02B6/009of the light source in the package G02B6/0021 takes precedence G02B6/0091of the light source relative to the light guide G02B6/0021 takes precedence G02B6/0093Means for protecting the light guide G02B6/0095Light guides as housings, housing portions, shelves, doors, tiles, windows, or the like G02B6/0096the lights guides being of the hollow type G02B2006/0098for scanning G02B6/02Optical fibres with cladding G02B6/02004characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius G02B6/02009Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres G02B6/02014Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm G02B6/02019Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm G02B6/02023Based on higher order modes, i.e. propagating modes other than the LP01 or HE11 fundamental mode mode converters G02B6/14 G02B6/02028Small effective area or mode field radius, e.g. for allowing nonlinear effects non-linear optical waveguide devices G02F1/365 G02B6/02033Core or cladding made from organic material, e.g. polymeric material G02B1/04 takes precedence G02B6/02038with core or cladding having graded refractive index G02B6/02042Multicore optical fibres G02B6/02047Dual mode fibre G02B6/105 takes precedence G02B6/02052comprising optical elements other than gratings, e.g. filters comprising gratings G02B6/02057 G02B6/02057comprising gratings G02B6/02061Grating external to the fibre and in contact with the fibre, e.g. evanescently coupled, gratings applied to the fibre end mechanically induced in the fibre G02B6/02071, surface relief on the fibre G02B6/02066 G02B6/02066Gratings having a surface relief structure, e.g. repetitive variation in diameter of core or cladding G02B6/02071Mechanically induced gratings, e.g. having microbends G02B6/02066 takes precedence; mode converters G02B6/14 G02B6/02076Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings G02B6/0208characterised by their structure, wavelength response G02B6/02114, G02B6/02171, G02B6/02195 take precedence; multiple layer cores or claddings G02B6/036, protective coverings G02B6/4429 G02B6/02085characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical G02B2006/0209Helical, chiral gratings G02B6/02095Long period gratings, i.e. transmission gratings coupling light between core and cladding modes G02B6/021characterised by the core or cladding or coating, e.g. materials, radial refractive index profiles, cladding shape G02B6/02104characterised by the coating external to the cladding, e.g. coating influences grating properties G02B6/02109having polarization sensitive features, e.g. reduced photo-induced birefringence G02B6/02114characterised by enhanced photosensitivity characteristics of the fibre, e.g. hydrogen loading, heat treatment treatment of glass fibres by ion diffusion, implantation, radiation, C03C25/60, C03C25/62 G02B6/02119Photosensitivity profiles determining the grating structure, e.g. radial or longitudinal G02B6/02123characterised by the method of manufacture of the grating photolithography G03F7/0005 G02B6/02128Internal inscription, i.e. grating written by light propagating within the fibre, e.g. "self-induced" G02B6/02133using beam interference G02B6/02138based on illuminating a phase mask G02B6/02142based on illuminating or irradiating an amplitude mask, i.e. a mask having a repetitive intensity modulating pattern G02B6/02147Point by point fabrication, i.e. grating elements induced one step at a time along the fibre, e.g. by scanning a laser beam, arc discharge scanning G02B6/02133 and G02B6/02142 take precedence G02B6/02152involving moving the fibre or a manufacturing element, stretching of the fibre G02B6/02147 takes precedence G02B2006/02157Grating written during drawing of the fibre G02B2006/02161Grating written by radiation passing through the protective fibre coating G02B2006/02166Methods of designing the gratings, i.e. calculating the structure, e.g. algorithms, numerical methods G02B6/02171characterised by means for compensating environmentally induced changes G02B6/02176due to temperature fluctuations G02B6/0218using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients G02B6/02185based on treating the fibre, e.g. post-manufacture treatment, thermal aging, annealing annealing glass fibres C03B37/15 G02B6/0219based on composition of fibre materials G02B6/02195characterised by means for tuning the grating G02B6/022using mechanical stress, e.g. tuning by compression or elongation, special geometrical shapes such as "dog-bone" or taper G02B6/02204 takes precedence; optical modulation using photo-elastic effect G02F1/0131 G02B6/02204using thermal effects, e.g. heating or cooling of a temperature sensitive mounting body optical modulation using thermo-optic effect G02F1/0147 G02B6/02209Mounting means, e.g. adhesives, casings G02B6/02171 and G02B6/02195 take precedence G02B6/02214tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened G02B6/02219Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm G02B6/02223Dual window fibres, i.e. characterised by dispersion properties around 1550 nm and in at least another wavelength window, e.g. 1310 nm G02B6/02228Dispersion flattened fibres, i.e. having a low dispersion variation over an extended wavelength range G02B6/02233having at least two dispersion zero wavelengths G02B6/02238Low dispersion slope fibres G02B6/02242having a dispersion slope <0.06 ps/km/nm2 G02B6/02247Dispersion varying along the longitudinal direction, e.g. dispersion managed fibre G02B6/02252Negative dispersion fibres at 1550 nm G02B6/02257Non-zero dispersion shifted fibres, i.e. having a small negative dispersion at 1550 nm, e.g. ITU-T G.655 dispersion between - 1.0 to - 10 ps/nm.km for avoiding nonlinear effects G02B6/02261Dispersion compensating fibres, i.e. for compensating positive dispersion of other fibres G02B6/02266Positive dispersion fibres at 1550 nm G02B6/02271Non-zero dispersion shifted fibres, i.e. having a small positive dispersion at 1550 nm, e.g. ITU-T G.655 dispersion between 1.0 to 10 ps/nm.km for avoiding nonlinear effects G02B6/02276Dispersion shifted fibres, i.e. zero dispersion at 1550 nm G02B6/0228Characterised by the wavelength dispersion slope properties around 1550 nm G02B6/02228 takes precedence G02B6/02285Characterised by the polarisation mode dispersion [PMD] properties, e.g. for minimising PMD fabrication methods for minimising PMD C03B37/02745 G02B6/0229characterised by nanostructures, i.e. structures of size less than 100 nm, e.g. quantum dots G02B6/02295Microstructured optical fibre polarisation properties thereof G02B6/105 and G02B6/024 G02B6/023having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide G02B6/02304Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core G02B6/02309Structures extending perpendicularly or at a large angle to the longitudinal axis of the fibre, e.g. photonic band gap along fibre axis G02B6/02314Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes G02B6/02319characterised by core or core-cladding interface features G02B6/02323Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding G02B6/02328Hollow or gas filled core G02B6/02333Core having higher refractive index than cladding, e.g. solid core, effective index guiding G02B6/02338Structured core, e.g. core contains more than one material, non-constant refractive index distribution in core, asymmetric or non-circular elements in core unit, multiple cores, insertions between core and clad G02B6/02342characterised by cladding features, i.e. light confining region G02B6/02347Longitudinal structures arranged to form a regular periodic lattice, e.g. triangular, square, honeycomb unit cell repeated throughout cladding G02B6/02352Complex periodic lattices or multiple interpenetrating periodic lattices, e.g. unit cell having more than two materials, partially internally coated holes, for multiple bandgaps G02B6/02357Property of longitudinal structures or background material varies radially and/or azimuthally in the cladding, e.g. size, spacing, periodicity, shape, refractive index, graded index, quasiperiodic, quasicrystals G02B6/02361Longitudinal structures forming multiple layers around the core, e.g. arranged in multiple rings with each ring having longitudinal elements at substantially the same radial distance from the core, having rotational symmetry about the fibre axis G02B6/02366Single ring of structures, e.g. "air clad" G02B6/02371Cross section of longitudinal structures is non-circular G02B6/02376Longitudinal variation along fibre axis direction, e.g. tapered holes G02B6/0238Longitudinal structures having higher refractive index than background material, e.g. high index solid rods G02B6/02385Comprising liquid, e.g. fluid filled holes G02B6/0239Comprising means for varying the guiding properties, e.g. tuning means G02B6/02395Glass optical fibre with a protective coating, e.g. two layer polymer coating deposited directly on a silica cladding surface during fibre manufacture G02B6/02052, G02B6/02057, G02B6/105, G02B6/024, G02B6/032, G02B6/14 take precedence; optical cables, i.e. comprising protective structures external to the protective coating such as a jacket or plural coated optical fibres G02B6/44; coating on fibre gratings G02B6/02104; coating of glass to obtain optical fibres C03C25/104; multilayer core or cladding G02B6/036; reinforcing splice joints G02B6/2558 G02B6/024with polarisation maintaining properties G02B6/028with core or cladding having graded refractive index G02B6/02033, G02B6/02295 take precedence G02B6/0281Graded index region forming part of the central core segment, e.g. alpha profile, triangular, trapezoidal core G02B6/0288, G02B6/0286 take precedence G02B6/0283Graded index region external to the central core segment, e.g. sloping layer or triangular or trapezoidal layer G02B6/0288, G02B6/0286 take precedence G02B6/0285Graded index layer adjacent to the central core segment and ending at the outer cladding index G02B6/0286Combination of graded index in the central core segment and a graded index layer external to the central core segment G02B6/0288 takes precedence G02B6/0288Multimode fibre, e.g. graded index core for compensating modal dispersion G02B6/032with non solid core or cladding G02B6/02295 takes precedence G02B2006/0325Fluid core or cladding G02B6/036core or cladding comprising multiple layers multicore optical fibres G02B6/02042; microstructured properties G02B6/02295; omniguide fibres G02B6/023 G02B6/03605Highest refractive index not on central axis G02B6/03611Highest index adjacent to central axis region, e.g. annular core, coaxial ring, centreline depression affecting waveguiding G02B6/03616Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index differenceA layer is characterised by an abrupt change in refractive index gradient, e.g. by the layer having a maximum or minimum or the layer being between two points of inflexion, such that a graded boundary as in a trapezoidal core is not counted as a separate layer. 2. The innermost high index core layer is the first layer starting from the central core after which the refractive index decreases. 3. + and - refer respectively to the relative refractive index difference increase/decrease of adjacent layers starting from the innermost highest index core layer and continuing in a radially outward direction G02B6/03622having 2 layers only G02B6/03627arranged - + G02B6/03633arranged - - G02B6/03638having 3 layers only G02B6/03644arranged - + - G02B6/0365arranged - - + G02B6/03655arranged - + + G02B6/03661having 4 layers only G02B6/03666arranged - + - + G02B6/03672arranged - - + - G02B6/03677arranged - + + - G02B6/03683arranged - - + + G02B6/03688having 5 or more layers G02B6/03694Multiple layers differing in properties other than the refractive index, e.g. attenuation, diffusion, stress properties G02B6/04formed by bundles of fibres G02B6/24 takes precedence G02B6/06the relative position of the fibres being the same at both ends, e.g. for transporting images G02B6/065with dynamic image improvement G02B6/08with fibre bundle in form of plate G02B6/10of the optical waveguide type G02B6/02, G02B6/24 take precedence; devices or arrangements for the control of light by electric, magnetic, electro-magnetic or acoustic means G02F1/00; transferring the modulation of modulated light G02F2/00; optical logic elements G02F3/00; optical analogue/digital converters G02F7/00 G02B6/102for infra-red and ultra-violet radiation G02B6/105having optical polarisation effects G02B6/107Subwavelength-diameter waveguides, e.g. nanowires G02B6/12of the integrated circuit kind electric integrated circuits H01L27/00 G02B6/12002Three-dimensional structures G02B6/12004Combinations of two or more optical elements G02B6/12007forming wavelength selective elements, e.g. multiplexer, demultiplexer G02B6/12009comprising arrayed waveguide grating [AWG] devices, i.e. with a phased array of waveguides G02B6/12011characterised by the arrayed waveguides, e.g. comprising a filled groove in the array section G02B6/12014characterised by the wavefront splitting or combining section, e.g. grooves or optical elements in a slab waveguide G02B6/12016characterised by the input or output waveguides, e.g. tapered waveguide ends, coupled together pairs of output waveguides G02B6/12019characterised by the optical interconnection to or from the AWG devices, e.g. integration or coupling with lasers or photodiodes coupling integrated waveguide to fibre G02B6/30, to optoelectronic element G02B6/42; monolithic integration of integrated waveguides with other optical elements G02B6/12004 G02B6/12021Comprising cascaded AWG devices; AWG multipass configuration; Plural AWG devices integrated on a single chip G02B6/12023characterised by means for reducing the polarisation dependence, e.g. reduced birefringence G02B6/12026characterised by means for reducing the temperature dependence G02B6/12028based on a combination of materials having a different refractive index temperature dependence, i.e. the materials are used for transmitting light G02B6/1203using mounting means, e.g. by using a combination of materials having different thermal expansion coefficients G02B6/12033characterised by means for configuring the device, e.g. moveable element for wavelength tuning switching G02B6/35; thermo-optic devices G02F1/0147 G02B2006/12035Materials G02B2006/12038Glass (SiO₂ based materials) G02B2006/1204Lithium niobate (LiNbO₃) G02B2006/12042Potassium niobate (KNbO₃) G02B2006/12045Lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃) G02B2006/12047Barium titanate (BaTiO₃) G02B2006/1205Arsenic sulfide (As₂S₃) G02B2006/12052Arsenic selenide (As₂Se₃) G02B2006/12054Tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) G02B2006/12057Niobium pentoxide (Nb₂O₅) G02B2006/12059Titanium niobate (TiNbPO₃) G02B2006/12061Silicon G02B2006/12064Zinc sulfide (ZnS) G02B2006/12066Calcite (CaCO₃) G02B2006/12069Organic material G02B2006/12071PMMA G02B2006/12073Epoxy G02B2006/12076Polyamide G02B2006/12078Gallium arsenide or alloys (GaAs, GaAlAs, GaAsP, GaInAs) G02B2006/1208Rare earths G02B2006/12083Constructional arrangements G02B2006/12085Integrated G02B2006/12088Monomode G02B2006/1209Multimode G02B2006/12092Stepped G02B2006/12095Graded G02B2006/12097Ridge, rib or the like G02B2006/121Channel; buried or the like G02B2006/12102Lens G02B2006/12104Mirror; Reflectors or the like G02B2006/12107Grating G02B2006/12109Filter G02B2006/12111Fibre G02B2006/12114Prism G02B2006/12116Polariser; Birefringent G02B2006/12119Bend G02B2006/12121Laser G02B2006/12123Diode G02B2006/12126Light absorber G02B2006/12128Multiple Quantum Well [MQW] G02B2006/1213comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices G02B2006/12133Functions G02B2006/12135Temperature control G02B2006/12138Sensor G02B2006/1214Soliton G02B2006/12142Modulator G02B2006/12145Switch G02B2006/12147Coupler G02B2006/1215Splitter G02B2006/12152Mode converter G02B2006/12154Power divider G02B2006/12157Isolator G02B2006/12159Interferometer G02B2006/12161Distributed feedback [DFB] G02B2006/12164Multiplexing; Demultiplexing G02B2006/12166Manufacturing methods G02B2006/12169Annealing G02B2006/12171using a laser beam G02B2006/12173Masking G02B2006/12176Etching G02B2006/12178Epitaxial growth G02B2006/1218Diffusion G02B2006/12183Ion-exchange G02B2006/12185field-assisted ion-exchange G02B2006/12188Ion implantation G02B2006/1219Polymerisation G02B2006/12192Splicing G02B2006/12195Tapering G02B2006/12197Grinding; Polishing G02B6/122Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths G02B6/1221made from organic materials G02B6/1223high refractive index type, i.e. high-contrast waveguides G02B6/1225comprising photonic band-gap structures or photonic lattices G02B6/1226involving surface plasmon interaction G02B6/1228Tapered waveguides, e.g. integrated spot-size transformers for coupling with fibres G02B6/305 G02B6/124Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings G02B6/1245Geodesic lenses G02B6/125Bends, branchings or intersections G02B6/126using polarisation effects G02B6/1226 takes precedence G02B6/13Integrated optical circuits characterised by the manufacturing method G02B6/131by using epitaxial growth epitaxial growth for semiconductors H01L21/02365 G02B6/132by deposition of thin films G02B6/134by substitution by dopant atoms G02B6/1342using diffusion diffusion in single crystals C30B31/00; diffusion in glass C03C23/00 G02B6/1345using ion exchange ion exchange in glass C03C21/00 G02B6/1347using ion implantation ion implantation in glass C03C23/0055; ion implantation in general C23C G02B6/136by etching G02B6/138by using polymerisation G02B6/14Mode converters G02B6/24Coupling light guides G02B6/241Light guide terminations G02B6/243as light absorbers G02B6/245Removing protective coverings of light guides before coupling G02B6/25Preparing the ends of light guides for coupling, e.g. cutting G02B6/255Splicing of light guides, e.g. by fusion or bonding G02B6/2551using thermal methods, e.g. fusion welding by arc discharge, laser beam, plasma torch G02B6/2552reshaping or reforming of light guides for coupling using thermal heating, e.g. tapering, forming of a lens on light guide ends G02B6/2553Splicing machines, e.g. optical fibre fusion splicer G02B6/2555Alignment or adjustment devices for aligning prior to splicing G02B6/2556including a fibre supporting member inclined to the bottom surface of the alignment means G02B6/2557using deformable flexure members, flexible hinges or pivotal arms G02B6/2558Reinforcement of splice joint G02B6/26Optical coupling means G02B6/36, G02B6/42 take precedence G02B6/262Optical details of coupling light into, or out of, or between fibre ends, e.g. special fibre end shapes or associated optical elements G02B6/264with optical elements between opposed fibre ends which perform a function other than beam splitting having lens focusing means G02B6/32; utilising prism or grating G02B6/34 G02B6/266the optical element being an attenuator G02B6/268for modal dispersion control, e.g. concatenation of light guides having different modal dispersion properties graded index multimode fibres G02B6/0288; multimodal transmission systems H04B10/2581 G02B6/27with polarisation selective and adjusting means G02B6/2706as bulk elements, i.e. free space arrangements external to a light guide, e.g. polarising beam splitters G02B6/2713cascade of polarisation selective or adjusting operations G02B6/272comprising polarisation means for beam splitting and combining G02B6/2726in or on light guides, e.g. polarisation means assembled in a light guide G02B6/2733Light guides evanescently coupled to polarisation sensitive elements G02B6/274based on light guide birefringence, e.g. due to coupling between light guides G02B6/105, G02B6/024 take precedence; mechanically induced birefringence G02F1/0134 G02B6/2746comprising non-reciprocal devices, e.g. isolators, FRM, circulators, quasi-isolators magneto-optic non-reciprocal devices G02F1/093 G02B6/2753characterised by their function or use, i.e. of the complete device G02B6/276Removing selected polarisation component of light, i.e. polarizers G02B6/2766Manipulating the plane of polarisation from one input polarisation to another output polarisation, e.g. polarisation rotators, linear to circular polarisation converters G02B6/2773Polarisation splitting or combining G02B6/278Controlling polarisation mode dispersion [PMD], e.g. PMD compensation or emulation PMD minimised transmission systems H04B10/2569 G02B6/2786Reducing the polarisation degree, i.e. depolarisers, scramblers, unpolarised output G02B6/2793Controlling polarisation dependent loss, e.g. polarisation insensitivity, reducing the change in polarisation degree of the output light even if the input polarisation state fluctuates G02B6/28having data bus means, i.e. plural waveguides interconnected and providing an inherently bidirectional system by mixing and splitting signals G02B6/2804forming multipart couplers without wavelength selective elements, e.g. "T" couplers, star couplers G02B6/2808using a mixing element which evenly distributes an input signal over a number of outputs G02B6/2813based on multimode interference effect, i.e. self-imaging G02B6/2817using reflective elements to split or combine optical signals G02B6/2821using lateral coupling between contiguous fibres to split or combine optical signals G02B6/2826using mechanical machining means for shaping of the couplers, e.g. grinding or polishing grinding, polishing in general B24 G02B6/283couplers being tunable or adjustable G02B6/2835formed or shaped by thermal treatment, e.g. couplers G02B2006/2839fabricated from double or twin core fibres G02B6/2843the couplers having polarisation maintaining or holding properties polarisation preserving light guides G02B6/105 G02B6/2848having refractive means, e.g. imaging elements between light guides as splitting, branching and/or combining devices, e.g. lenses, holograms G02B6/2852using tapping light guides arranged sidewardly, e.g. in a non-parallel relationship with respect to the bus light guides (light extraction or launching through cladding, with or without surface discontinuities, bent structures) G02B6/2856formed or shaped by thermal heating means, e.g. splitting, branching and/or combining elements G02B6/2861using fibre optic delay lines and optical elements associated with them, e.g. for use in signal processing, e.g. filtering delay lines in general H03H, H01P9/00; optical computing devices G06E G02B2006/2865couplers of the 3x3 type G02B6/287Structuring of light guides to shape optical elements with heat application G02B6/255 takes precedence G02B6/293with wavelength selective means G02B6/29301based on a phased array of light guides integrated arrayed waveguide gratings G02B6/12009 G02B6/29302based on birefringence or polarisation, e.g. wavelength dependent birefringence, polarisation interferometers G02B6/29304operating by diffraction, e.g. grating G02B6/29301 takes precedence; spectrometers using gratings G01J3/18 G02B6/29305as bulk element, i.e. free space arrangement external to a light guide G02B6/29307components assembled in or forming a solid transparent unitary block, e.g. for facilitating component alignment G02B6/29308Diffractive element having focusing properties, e.g. curved gratings Rowland circle spectrometers G01J3/20 G02B6/2931Diffractive element operating in reflection G02B6/29311Diffractive element operating in transmission G02B6/29313characterised by means for controlling the position or direction of light incident to or leaving the diffractive element, e.g. for varying the wavelength response switching G02B6/35 G02B6/29314by moving or modifying the diffractive element, e.g. deforming G02B6/29316Light guides comprising a diffractive element, e.g. grating in or on the light guide such that diffracted light is confined in the light guide G02B6/02057, G02B6/29332, G02B6/29356 take precedence G02B6/29317Light guides of the optical fibre type G02B6/29319With a cascade of diffractive elements or of diffraction operations forming interferometer by splitting and recombining G02B6/29347 - G02B6/29358 G02B6/2932comprising a directional router, e.g. directional coupler, circulator G02B6/29322Diffractive elements of the tunable type G02B6/02195 takes precedence; optical modulation devices based on a change of the optical properties of the medium G02F1/00 G02B6/29323Coupling to or out of the diffractive element through the lateral surface of the light guide evanescent grating couplers G02B6/29332 G02B6/29325of the slab or planar or plate like form, i.e. confinement in a single transverse dimension only integrated circuit planar waveguide arrangements G02B6/12007; specially adapted for lighting G02B6/0011 G02B6/29326Diffractive elements having focusing properties, e.g. curved gratings Rowland circle spectrometers G01J3/20 G02B6/29328Diffractive elements operating in reflection G02B6/29329Diffractive elements operating in transmission G02B6/29331operating by evanescent wave coupling G02B6/29332Wavelength selective couplers, i.e. based on evanescent coupling between light guides, e.g. fused fibre couplers with transverse coupling between fibres having different propagation constant wavelength dependency non wavelength-selective light guide couplers G02B6/28 G02B6/29334Grating-assisted evanescent light guide couplers, i.e. comprising grating at or functionally associated with the coupling region between the light guides, e.g. with a grating positioned where light fields overlap in the coupler G02B6/29335Evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity, i.e. between a waveguide mode and a resonant mode of the cavity wavelength selective means based on resonator cavity coupled non-evanescently G02B6/29356, G02B6/29358 G02B6/29337Cavities of the linear kind, e.g. formed by reflectors at ends of a light guide G02B6/29338Loop resonators G02B6/2934Fibre ring resonators, e.g. fibre coils G02B6/29341Loop resonators operating in a whispering gallery mode evanescently coupled to a light guide, e.g. sphere or disk or cylinder evanescent coupling for sensing fluorescence G01N21/648 G02B6/29343Cascade of loop resonators G02B6/29344operating by modal interference or beating, i.e. of transverse modes, e.g. zero-gap directional coupler, MMI G02B6/29346operating by wave or beam interference interferometers for measuring G01B9/02 G02B6/29347Loop interferometers, e.g. Sagnac, loop mirror G02B6/29349Michelson or Michelson/Gires-Tournois configuration, i.e. based on splitting and interferometrically combining relatively delayed signals at a single beamsplitter G02B6/2935Mach-Zehnder configuration, i.e. comprising separate splitting and combining means G02B6/29352in a light guide G02B6/29353with a wavelength selective element in at least one light guide interferometer arm, e.g. grating, interference filter, resonator G02B6/29355Cascade arrangement of interferometers G02B6/29356Interference cavity within a single light guide, e.g. between two fibre gratings G02B6/29347 - G02B6/2935 take precedence; evanescent coupling to a resonator cavity G02B6/29335 G02B6/29358Multiple beam interferometer external to a light guide, e.g. Fabry-Pérot, etalon, VIPA plate, OTDL plate, continuous interferometer, parallel plate resonator G02B6/29347, G02B6/29349, G02B6/2935, G02B6/29361 take precedence; resonator evanescently coupled to light guide G02B6/29335 G02B6/29359Cavity formed by light guide ends, e.g. fibre Fabry Pérot [FFP] G02B6/29361Interference filters, e.g. multilayer coatings, thin film filters, dichroic splitters or mirrors based on multilayers, WDM filters G02B6/29362Serial cascade of filters or filtering operations, e.g. for a large number of channels G02B6/29364Cascading by a light guide path between filters or filtering operations, e.g. fibre interconnected single filter modules G02B6/29365in a multireflection configuration, i.e. beam following a zigzag path between filters or filtering operations G02B6/29367Zigzag path within a transparent optical block, e.g. filter deposited on an etalon, glass plate, wedge acting as a stable spacer G02B6/29368Light guide comprising the filter, e.g. filter deposited on a fibre end G02B6/29359 takes precedence G02B6/2937In line lens-filtering-lens devices, i.e. elements arranged along a line and mountable in a cylindrical package for compactness, e.g. 3- port device with GRIN lenses sandwiching a single filter operating at normal incidence in a tubular package G02B6/29371operating principle based on material dispersion G02B6/29373utilising a bulk dispersive element, e.g. prism G02B6/29374in an optical light guide G02B6/02214 takes precedence G02B6/29376coupling light guides for controlling wavelength dispersion, e.g. by concatenation of two light guides having different dispersion properties dispersion managed optical transmission systems H04B10/25253 G02B6/29377controlling dispersion around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm G02B6/29379characterised by the function or use of the complete device G02B6/2938for multiplexing or demultiplexing, i.e. combining or separating wavelengths, e.g. 1xN, NxM G02B6/29382including at least adding or dropping a signal, i.e. passing the majority of signals G02B6/29383Adding and dropping G02B6/29385Channel monitoring, e.g. by tapping channel monitoring in optical transmission systems H04B10/07 G02B6/29386Interleaving or deinterleaving, i.e. separating or mixing subsets of optical signals, e.g. combining even and odd channels into a single optical signal G02B6/29388for lighting or use with non-coherent light G02B6/29389Bandpass filtering, e.g. 1x1 device rejecting or passing certain wavelengths G02B6/2938 takes precedence G02B6/29391Power equalisation of different channels, e.g. power flattening G02B6/29392Controlling dispersion G02B6/02214 takes precedence; modal dispersion control G02B6/268 G02B6/29394Compensating wavelength dispersion G02B6/29376 takes precedence; dispersion compensated optical transmission systems H04B10/2507 G02B6/29395configurable, e.g. tunable or reconfigurable switching G02B6/35 G02B6/29397Polarisation insensitivity G02B6/29398Temperature insensitivity G02B6/30for use between fibre and thin-film device G02B6/305and having an integrated mode-size expanding section, e.g. tapered waveguide G02B6/32having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends with lens being an integral part of the single fibre end G02B6/262 G02B6/322and having centering means being part of the lens for the self-positioning of the lightguide at the focal point, e.g. holes, wells, indents, nibs G02B6/325comprising a transparent member, e.g. window, protective plate G02B6/327with angled interfaces to reduce reflections G02B6/34utilising prism or grating G02B6/293 takes precedence G02B6/35having switching means by changing the optical properties of the medium G02F1/00 G02B6/3502involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides G02B6/3504Rotating, tilting or pivoting the waveguides, or with the waveguides describing a curved path rotary joint G02B6/3628 G02B6/3506Translating the waveguides along the beam path, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by translation of the waveguide ends G02B6/3508Lateral or transverse displacement of the whole waveguides, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by mutual lateral displacement of opposed waveguide ends G02B6/351involving stationary waveguides with moving interposed optical elements G02B6/3538 takes precedence; interposed waveguides G02B6/3502 G02B6/3512the optical element being reflective, e.g. mirror G02B6/3514the reflective optical element moving along a line so as to translate into and out of the beam path, i.e. across the beam path G02B6/3516the reflective optical element moving along the beam path, e.g. controllable diffractive effects using multiple micromirrors within the beam G02B6/3518the reflective optical element being an intrinsic part of a MEMS device, i.e. fabricated together with the MEMS device MEMS devices in general B81B; manufacture of MEM devices in general B81C; micromechanical devices controlling the direction of light G02B26/0833 G02B6/352the reflective optical element having a shaped reflective surface, e.g. a reflective element comprising several reflective surfaces or facets that function together G02B6/3522the optical element enabling or impairing total internal reflection using evanescent coupling G02B6/3536 G02B6/3524the optical element being refractive G02B6/3526the optical element being a lens G02B6/3528the optical element being a prism G02B6/353the optical element being a shutter, baffle, beam dump or opaque element absorbers on light guide termination G02B6/243 G02B6/3532the optical element being a wavelength independent filter or having spatially dependent transmission properties, e.g. neutral filter or neutral density wedge substrate with plurality of density filters G02B6/3534the optical element being diffractive, i.e. a grating G02B6/3536involving evanescent coupling variation, e.g. by a moving element such as a membrane which changes the effective refractive index mode converters G02B6/14; adjustable lateral coupling between waveguides G02B6/283; electro- optical refractive index variations G02F1/0118 G02B6/3538based on displacement or deformation of a liquid controlling the intensity of light by displacement or deformation of a fluid in general G02B26/004; fluid-filled lens of variable focal length G02B3/14 G02B6/354Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types G02B6/3542Non-blocking switch, e.g. with multiple potential paths between multiple inputs and outputs, the establishment of one switching path not preventing the establishment of further switching paths G02B6/35442D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a plane G02B6/3546NxM switch, i.e. a regular array of switches elements of matrix type constellation G02B6/35481xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs G02B6/3551x2 switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of two possible outputs G02B6/35521x1 switch, e.g. on/off switch G02B6/35543D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a volume G02B6/3556NxM switch, i.e. regular arrays of switches elements of matrix type constellation G02B6/35581xN switch, i.e. one input and a selectable single output of N possible outputs G02B6/356in an optical cross-connect device, e.g. routing and switching aspects of interconnecting different paths propagating different wavelengths to (re)configure the various input and output links switching polarized beams G02B6/3594; power equalizers G02B6/356 and G02B6/3594; path selecting means H04Q11/0001 G02B6/3562Switch of the bypass type, i.e. enabling a change of path in a network, e.g. to bypass a failed element in the network G02B6/3564Mechanical details of the actuation mechanism associated with the moving element or mounting mechanism details G02B6/3566involving bending a beam, e.g. with cantilever G02B6/3568characterised by the actuating force G02B6/357Electrostatic force electrostatic forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/0841 G02B6/3572Magnetic force magnetic forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/085; magneto-optic devices G02F1/09 G02B6/3574Mechanical force, e.g. pressure variations G02B6/3576Temperature or heat actuation thermal forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/0866; thermo-optic devices G02F1/0147 G02B6/3578Piezoelectric force piezoelectric forces controlling reflecting elements in general G02B26/0858; piezo-optic devices G02F1/0131 G02B6/358Latching of the moving element, i.e. maintaining or holding the moving element in place once operation has been performed; includes a mechanically bistable system G02B6/3582Housing means or package or arranging details of the switching elements, e.g. for thermal isolation G02B6/3584constructional details of an associated actuator having a MEMS construction, i.e. constructed using semiconductor technology such as etching MEMS per se B81B, B81C G02B6/3586Control or adjustment details, e.g. calibrating testing optical equipment G01M11/00 G02B6/3588of the processed beams, i.e. controlling during switching of orientation, alignment, or beam propagation properties such as intensity, size or shape G02B6/359of the position of the moving element itself during switching, i.e. without monitoring the switched beams G02B6/3592Means for removing polarization dependence of the switching means, i.e. polarization insensitive switching light guides coupling with polarization selective and adjusting means G02B6/27 G02B6/3594Characterised by additional functional means, e.g. means for variably attenuating or branching or means for switching differently polarized beams G02B6/3596With planar waveguide arrangement, i.e. in a substrate, regardless if actuating mechanism is outside the substrate G02B6/3598Switching means directly located between an optoelectronic element and waveguides, including direct displacement of either the element or the waveguide, e.g. optical pulse generation based on changing the optical properties of the medium G02F1/00; optical pulse generation in optical transmitters H04B10/508; optical pulse generation by controlling laser operation H01S3/00 G02B6/36Mechanical coupling means G02B6/255, G02B6/42 take precedence G02B6/3604Rotary joints allowing relative rotational movement between opposing fibre or fibre bundle ends G02B6/3608Fibre wiring boards, i.e. where fibres are embedded or attached in a pattern on or to a substrate, e.g. flexible sheets optical ribbon cables in support members G02B6/4401 G02B6/3612Wiring methods or machines G02B6/3616Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench supporting carriers of a microbench type G02B6/3648; micromanipulators B25J7/00; cassettes, bobbins G02B6/4439 G02B6/362Vacuum holders for optical elements G02B6/3624Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination optical details of light guide terminations G02B6/241; reshaping of light guides G02B6/2552; optical details of coupling light into or out of fibre end G02B6/262 G02B6/3628for mounting fibres to supporting carriers G02B6/3608, G02B6/3616 take precedence G02B6/3632characterised by the cross-sectional shape of the mechanical coupling means G02B6/3636the mechanical coupling means being grooves G02B6/3652 takes precedence G02B6/364inverted grooves, e.g. dovetails G02B6/3644the coupling means being through-holes or wall apertures G02B6/3648Supporting carriers of a microbench type, i.e. with micromachined additional mechanical structures microstructured devices per se B81B G02B6/3652the additional structures being prepositioning mounting areas, allowing only movement in one dimension, e.g. grooves, trenches or vias in the microbench surface, i.e. self aligning supporting carriers G02B6/3656the additional structures being micropositioning, with microactuating elements for fine adjustment, or restricting movement, into two dimensions, e.g. cantilevers, beams, tongues or bridges with associated MEMs G02B6/366the additional structures allowing for adjustment or alignment in all dimensions, i.e. 3D microoptics arrangements, e.g. free space optics on the microbench, microhinges or spring latches, with associated microactuating elements for fine adjustment or alignment G02B6/36642D cross sectional arrangements of the fibres G02B6/3668with conversion in geometry of the cross section G02B6/3672with fibres arranged in a regular matrix array G02B6/3676Stacked arrangement G02B6/368with pitch conversion between input and output plane, e.g. for increasing packing density G02B6/3684characterised by the manufacturing process of surface profiling of the supporting carrier manufacturing microsystems per se B81C1/00015 G02B6/3688using laser ablation G02B6/3692with surface micromachining involving etching, e.g. wet or dry etching steps surface micromachining involving subtractive techniques B81C1/00055 G02B6/3696by moulding, e.g. injection moulding, casting, embossing, stamping, stenciling, printing, or with metallic mould insert manufacturing using LIGA or MIGA techniques shaping the mould surface by machining B29C33/38; moulding techniques B29C39/00, B29C43/00, B29C45/00, B29C48/00, B29C59/00; stamping, printing or embossing techniques B81C1/00444; surface micromachining using LIGA B81C2201/032 G02B6/38having fibre to fibre mating means G02B6/3801Permanent connections, i.e. wherein fibres are kept aligned by mechanical means splices by bonding G02B6/255; fusion splices G02B6/2551 G02B6/3802Assembly tools, e.g. crimping tool or pressing bench splicing machines G02B6/2553 G02B6/3803Adjustment or alignment devices for alignment prior to splicing G02B6/3805with a fibre-supporting member inclined to the bottom surface of the alignment means G02B6/3806Semi-permanent connections, i.e. wherein the mechanical means keeping the fibres aligned allow for removal of the fibres dismountable connectors G02B6/3807 G02B6/3807Dismountable connectors, i.e. comprising plugs G02B6/3809without a ferrule embedding the fibre end, i.e. with bare fibre end G02B6/381of the ferrule type, e.g. fibre ends embedded in ferrules, connecting a pair of fibres G02B6/3812having polarisation-maintaining light guides light guides having polarisation effects per se G02B6/105 G02B6/3813for transmission of high energy beam coupling high energy sources and light guides G02B6/4296 G02B6/3814with cooling or heat dissipation means G02B6/3816for use under water, high pressure connectors provisionally see G02B6/4428 G02B6/3817containing optical and electrical conductors cables including electrical and optical conductors H01B11/22; G02B6/3816 takes precedence G02B6/3818of a low-reflection-loss type G02B6/3813 takes precedence G02B6/382with index-matching medium between light guides provisionally see G02B6/4212 G02B6/3821with axial spring biasing or loading means G02B6/3847 takes precedence G02B6/3822with beveled fibre ends G02B6/3823containing surplus lengths, internal fibre loops provisionally see also G02B6/444 G02B6/3825with an intermediate part, e.g. adapter, receptacle, linking two plugs G02B6/3826characterised by form or shape G02B6/3827Wrap-back connectors, i.e. containing a fibre having an U shape G02B6/3829Bent or angled connectors G02B6/3827 takes precedence G02B6/383Hermaphroditic connectors, i.e. two identical plugs mating with one another, each plug having both male and female diametrically opposed engaging parts; electric hermaphroditic coupling H01R24/84, H01R13/28 G02B6/3831comprising a keying element on the plug or adapter, e.g. to forbid wrong connection keying element on the ferrule G02B6/3851; keying element for electrical coupling H01R13/64 G02B6/3833Details of mounting fibres in ferrules; Assembly methods; Manufacture G02B6/3834Means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule G02B6/3835using discs, bushings or the like G02B6/3837forwarding or threading methods of light guides into apertures of ferrule centering means G02B6/3838using grooves for light guides G02B6/3839for a plurality of light guides G02B6/3841using rods, balls for light guides G02B6/3842for a plurality of light guides G02B6/3843with auxiliary facilities for movably aligning or adjusting the fibre within its ferrule, e.g. measuring position or eccentricity testing the alignment of axes, including eccentricity, G01B11/27 G02B6/3845ferrules comprising functional elements, e.g. filters G02B6/3846with fibre stubs G02B6/3847with means preventing fibre end damage, e.g. recessed fibre surfaces G02B6/3849using mechanical protective elements, e.g. caps, hoods, sealing membranes G02B6/3816 takes precedence; provisionally see H01R13/44 G02B6/385Accessories for testing or observation of connectors means for centering or aligning the light guide within the ferrule with auxiliary facilities for movably aligning or adjusting the fibre within its ferrule, measuring position, eccentricity G02B6/3843; mechanical features associated with the optical testing of optical fibres G01M11/088 G02B6/3851Ferrules having keying or coding means G02B6/3853Lens inside the ferrule lensed connectors G02B6/32 G02B6/3854Ferrules characterised by materials G02B6/3855characterised by the method of anchoring or fixing the fibre within the ferrule G02B6/3854 takes precedence G02B6/3857Crimping, i.e. involving plastic deformation G02B6/3858Clamping, i.e. with only elastic deformation G02B6/3859Ferrules characterised by use of shape memory material [SMM], e.g. heat recoverable polymers, Ti-Ni compounds chemical aspects of SMM see the relevant places under C08 and C22; SMM used for shaping by moulding B29C61/00; SMM for electrical coupling H01R4/01, H01R4/72, H01R12/856, H02G15/1806 G02B6/3861Adhesive bonding adhesives in general C09J G02B6/3862radially-compressed, longitudinally-split ferrules consisting of a pair of identical matching halves G02B6/3863fabricated by using polishing techniques grinding of the fibre ends B24B19/226 G02B6/3865fabricated by using moulding techniques shaping techniques of plastic materials in general B29C; producing plastic optical fiber connectors B29D11/0075 G02B6/3866Devices, tools or methods for cleaning connectors cleaning in general B08B G02B6/3867comprising air venting holes G02B6/3869Mounting ferrules to connector body, i.e. plugs G02B6/387Connector plugs comprising two complementary members, e.g. shells, caps, covers, locked together G02B6/3871Ferrule rotatable with respect to plug body, e.g. for setting rotational position adjusting fibre within the ferrule, G02B6/3843; Fixation of ferrules after rotation G02B6/3873Connectors using guide surfaces for aligning ferrule ends, e.g. tubes, sleeves, V-grooves, rods, pins, balls G02B6/3874using tubes, sleeves to align ferrules G02B6/3875Floatingly supported sleeves G02B6/3877Split sleeves G02B6/3878comprising a plurality of ferrules, branching and break-out means G02B6/3879Linking of individual connector plugs to an overconnector, e.g. using clamps, clips, common housings comprising several individual connector plugs G02B6/3881using grooves to align ferrule ends G02B6/3882using rods, pins or balls to align a pair of ferrule ends G02B6/3883using rods, pins or balls to align a plurality of pairs of ferrule ends G02B6/3885Multicore or multichannel optical connectors, i.e. one single ferrule containing more than one fibre, e.g. ribbon type optical ribbon cable G02B6/4403, G02B6/448 G02B6/3886Magnetic means to align ferrule ends G02B6/3887Anchoring optical cables to connector housings, e.g. strain relief featuresGroup G02B6/3887 is impacted by reclassification into groups G02B6/38875 and G02B6/3888.
Groups G02B6/3887, G02B6/38875 and G02B6/3888 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. G02B6/38875Protection from bending or twistingGroup G02B6/38875 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups G02B6/3887 and G02B6/3889.
Groups G02B6/3887, G02B6/3889 and G02B6/38875 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. G02B6/3888Protection from over-extension or over-compressionGroup G02B6/3888 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups G02B6/3887 and G02B6/3889.
Groups G02B6/3887, G02B6/3889 and G02B6/3888 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. G02B6/3889using encapsulation for protection, e.g. adhesive, molding or casting resinGroup G02B6/3889 is impacted by reclassification into groups G02B6/38875 and G02B6/3888.
Groups G02B6/3889, G02B6/38875 and G02B6/3888 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. G02B6/389characterised by the method of fastening connecting plugs and sockets, e.g. screw- or nut-lock, snap-in, bayonet type G02B6/3891Bayonet type G02B6/3893Push-pull type, e.g. snap-in, push-on G02B6/3894Screw-lock type G02B6/3895identification of connection, e.g. right plug to the right socket or full engagement of the mating parts keying element on the plug or adapter G02B6/3831; keying element on the ferrule G02B6/3851; keying element for electrical connection H01R13/64 G02B6/3897Connectors fixed to housings, casings, frames, circuit boards G02B6/3898Tools, e.g. handheld; Tuning wrenches; Jigs used with connectors, e.g. for extracting, removing or inserting in a panel, for engaging or coupling connectors, for assembling or disassembling components within the connector, for applying clips to hold two connectors together or for crimping tools for cleaning, G02B6/3866; tools in general B25B G02B6/40having fibre bundle mating means G02B6/403of the ferrule type, connecting a pair of ferrules G02B6/406of the ferrule type, connecting a plurality of pairs of ferrules G02B6/42Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements In this group, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: "opto-electronic elements" includes light emitting elements, e.g. lasers or LED's, as well as light receiving elements, e.g. photodiodes or phototransistors G02B6/4201Packages, e.g. shape, construction, internal or external details G02B6/4202for coupling an active element with fibres without intermediate optical elements, e.g. fibres with plane ends, fibres with shaped ends, bundles G02B6/4203Optical features G02B6/4204the coupling comprising intermediate optical elements, e.g. lenses, holograms encapsulated active devices H01S5/02208, H01L33/52 G02B6/4206Optical features G02B6/4207, G02B6/421 take precedence G02B6/4207with optical elements reducing the sensitivity to optical feedback anti-reflection devices specially adapted for lasers, see H01S3/0064 G02B6/4208using non-reciprocal elements or birefringent plates, i.e. quasi-isolators optical isolators per se G02F1/093, G02F1/0955 G02B6/4209Optical features G02B6/421the intermediate optical component consisting of a short length of fibre, e.g. fibre stub G02B6/4212the intermediate optical element being a coupling medium interposed therebetween, e.g. epoxy resin, refractive index matching material, index grease, matching liquid or gel G02B6/4213the intermediate optical elements being polarisation selective optical elements G02B6/27 takes precedence G02B6/4214the intermediate optical element having redirecting reflective means, e.g. mirrors, prisms for deflecting the radiation from horizontal to down- or upward direction toward a device G02B6/4246 takes precedence G02B6/4215the intermediate optical elements being wavelength selective optical elements, e.g. variable wavelength optical modules or wavelength lockers G02B6/4246 takes precedence G02B6/4216incorporating polarisation-maintaining fibres polarisation-maintaining fibres per se G02B6/105 G02B6/4218Optical features G02B6/4219Mechanical fixtures for holding or positioning the elements relative to each other in the couplings; Alignment methods for the elements, e.g. measuring or observing methods especially used therefor G02B6/422Active alignment, i.e. moving the elements in response to the detected degree of coupling or position of the elements G02B6/4233, G02B6/4234 take precedence G02B6/4221involving a visual detection of the position of the elements, e.g. by using a microscope or a camera G02B6/4222by observing back-reflected light G02B6/4224using visual alignment markings, e.g. index methods G02B6/4225by a direct measurement of the degree of coupling, e.g. the amount of light power coupled to the fibre or the opto-electronic element G02B6/4226Positioning means for moving the elements into alignment, e.g. alignment screws, deformation of the mount G02B6/4227Active alignment methods, e.g. procedures and algorithms G02B6/4228Passive alignment, i.e. without a detection of the degree of coupling or the position of the elements G02B6/4234 takes precedence G02B6/423using guiding surfaces for the alignment G02B6/4231with intermediate elements, e.g. rods and balls, between the elements G02B6/4232using the surface tension of fluid solder to align the elements, e.g. solder bump techniques flip-chip mounting techniques in assembly of semiconductor devices H01L24/81 G02B6/4233Active alignment along the optical axis and passive alignment perpendicular to the optical axis G02B6/4234Passive alignment along the optical axis and active alignment perpendicular to the optical axis G02B6/4236Fixing or mounting methods of the aligned elements G02B6/4237Welding G02B6/4238Soldering G02B6/4239Adhesive bonding; Encapsulation with polymer material G02B6/424Mounting of the optical light guide G02B6/4242Mounting of the optical light guide to the lid of the package G02B6/4243Mounting of the optical light guide into a groove mounting optical light guides into a groove in general G02B6/3636 G02B6/4244Mounting of the optical elements G02B6/4245Mounting of the opto-electronic elements G02B6/4246Bidirectionally operating package structures G02B6/4248Feed-through connections for the hermetical passage of fibres through a package wall see provisionally also G02B6/4428 G02B6/4249comprising arrays of active devices and fibres G02B6/425Optical features semiconductor laser arrays H01S5/40; hybrid LED arrays H01L25/0753; monolithic LED arrays H01L27/153 G02B6/4251Sealed packages G02B6/4248 takes precedence G02B6/4253by embedding housing components in an adhesive or a polymer material G02B6/4212 takes precedence G02B6/4254with an inert gas, e.g. nitrogen or oxygen gas filled packages for semiconductor lasers H01S5/0222 G02B6/4255Moulded or casted packages G02B6/4256Details of housings G02B6/4257having a supporting carrier or a mounting substrate or a mounting plate G02B6/3648 takes precedence G02B6/4259of the transparent type G02B6/426mounting, engaging or coupling of the package to a board, a frame or a panel G02B6/4261Packages with mounting structures to be pluggable or detachable, e.g. having latches or rails G02B6/4262characterised by the shape of the housing for semiconductor lasers H01S5/02208 G02B6/4263of the transisitor outline [TO] can type G02B6/4265of the Butterfly or dual inline package [DIP] type G02B6/4266Thermal aspects, temperature control or temperature monitoring thermal aspect of electrical circuits H05K7/20, H05K5/0213, temperature control in general G05D23/19 G02B6/4267Reduction of thermal stress, e.g. by selecting thermal coefficient of materials G02B6/4268Cooling of semiconductor devices H01L23/24; of electric apparatus H05K7/20; of instruments G12B15/00 G02B6/4269with heat sinks or radiation fins G02B6/4271with thermo electric cooling G02B6/4272with mounting substrates of high thermal conductivity G02B6/4273with heat insulation means to thermally decouple or restrain the heat from spreading G02B6/4274Electrical aspects G02B6/4263 and G02B6/4265 take precedence G02B6/4275Protection against electrostatic discharge [ESD] G02B6/4277Protection against electromagnetic interference [EMI], e.g. shielding means shielding of electric apparatus H05K9/00, of instruments G12B17/00 G02B6/4278related to pluggable or demountable opto-electronic or electronic elements G02B6/4279Radio frequency signal propagation aspects of the electrical connection, high frequency adaptations G02B6/428containing printed circuit boards [PCB] G02B6/4281the printed circuit boards being flexible in general H05K1/147 G02B6/4283with electrical insulation means G02B6/4284of optical modules with disconnectable electrical connectors latching arms for electrical connectors H01R13/627 G02B6/4285Optical modules characterised by a connectorised pigtail G02B6/4286Optical modules with optical power monitoring G02B6/4287Optical modules with tapping or launching means through the surface of the waveguide G02B6/2852, G02B6/4286 take precedence G02B6/4289by inducing bending, microbending or macrobending, to the light guide G02B6/429by surface irregularities on the light guide, e.g. by mechanical modification of the surface of the light guide on its exterior G02B6/4291by accessing the evanescent field of the light guide G02B6/4292the light guide being disconnectable from the opto-electronic element, e.g. mutually self aligning arrangements G02B6/4293hybrid electrical and optical connections for transmitting electrical and optical signals G02B6/4295coupling with semiconductor devices activated by light through the light guide, e.g. thyristors, phototransistors G02B6/4296coupling with sources of high radiant energy, e.g. high power lasers, high temperature light sources G02B2006/4297having protection means, e.g. protecting humans against accidental exposure to harmful laser radiation G02B6/4298coupling with non-coherent light sources and/or radiation detectors, e.g. lamps, incandescent bulbs, scintillation chambers G02B6/43Arrangements comprising a plurality of opto-electronic elements and associated optical interconnections G02B6/44Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables cables incorporating electric conductors and optical fibres where features relating to the optical fibres are not of interest H01B11/22 G02B6/4401Optical cables G02B6/4402with one single optical waveguide G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4403with ribbon structure G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4404Multi-podded G02B6/4405with longitudinally spaced waveguide clamping G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4407with internal fluted support member G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4408Groove structures in support members to decrease or harmonise transmission losses in ribbon cables G02B6/4409for ribbons G02B6/441built up from sub-bundles G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4411Matrix structure G02B6/4413Helical structure G02B6/4414with internal serpentine waveguides G02B6/4415Cables for special applications G02B6/4429, G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4416Heterogeneous cables G02B6/4417High voltage aspects, e.g. in cladding G02B6/4419Preventing corona discharge G02B6/442Insulators G02B6/4421Insulators with helical structure of optical fibre, e.g. fibres wound around insulators G02B6/4422of the overhead type G02B6/4423Electro-corrosion preventing means G02B6/4425Suppression of galloping oscillation G02B6/4426Reducing drag caused by wired, e.g. by oval cross-section G02B6/4427Pressure resistant cables, e.g. undersea cables G02B6/4428Penetrator systems in pressure-resistant devices G02B6/4429Strengthening and protecting features G02B6/4492, G02B6/4494, G02B6/4496 take precedence G02B6/443Protective covering G02B6/4432with fibre reinforcements G02B6/4433Double reinforcement laying in straight line with optical transmission element G02B6/4434Central member to take up tensile loads G02B6/4435Corrugated mantle G02B6/4436Heat resistant G02B6/4438facilitating insertion by fluid drag in ducts or capillaries G02B6/4439Auxiliary devices G02B6/444Systems and boxes with surplus length G02B6/4441[Boxes] G02B6/4442Cap coupling boxes G02B6/4444Seals G02B6/4445Divided base plates G02B6/4446Cableboxes G02B6/4447with divided shells G02B6/4448 takes precedence G02B6/4448electro-optic G02B6/445with lateral pivoting cover G02B6/4451underground connection boxes G02B6/4448 takes precedence G02B6/4452Distribution frames G02B6/4453Cassettes G02B6/4454with splices G02B6/4455characterised by the way of extraction or insertion of the cassette in the distribution frame, e.g. pivoting, sliding, rotating, gliding G02B6/4457Bobbins; Reels G02B6/4458coiled, e.g. extensible helix G02B6/4459Ducts; Conduits G02B6/446Desiccating features G02B6/4461articulated G02B6/4463Mechanical aspects of installing cables in ducts or the like methods or apparatus for laying electrical cables through tubing or conduit H02G1/08 G02B6/4464by fluid drag G02B6/4466 takes precedence G02B6/4465Pulling eyes G02B6/4466 takes precedence G02B6/4466for buildings G02B6/4467Repair sets G02B6/4469Security aspects G02B6/447locatable, e.g. magnetic means detection of buried cables G01V G02B6/4471terminating, fan-out, clamping, strain-relieving or like devices demountable connectors G02B6/3807 G02B6/4472Manifolds G02B6/4473Three-way systems G02B6/4475with provision for lateral branching G02B6/4495 takes precedence G02B6/4476with heat-shrinkable elements G02B6/4477Strain-relieving to interior strengths element G02B6/4478Bending relief G02B6/4479Fabrication methods G02B6/448ribbon cables G02B6/4482code or colour marking G02B6/4483Injection or filling devices hydrogen absorbing materials G02B6/4492; water blocking or hydrophobic materials G02B6/4494 G02B6/4484with desired surplus length between fibres and protection feature G02B6/4485Installing in protective tubing by fluid drag G02B6/4486protective covering G02B6/4488with metallic tube G02B6/4489of central supporting member of lobe structure G02B6/449twisting G02B6/4491in a lobe structure G02B6/4492provided with hydrogen absorbing materials G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4494provided with water blocking or hydrophobic materials G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4495with provision in the cable protection, e.g. weak line, for gaining access to one or more fibres, e.g. for branching or tapping break-out terminations G02B6/4439 G02B6/4496Freeze-prevention means G02B6/4439, G02B6/4479 take precedence G02B6/4497Devices for opening or removing the mantle G02B6/4498for ribbon cables G02B6/46Processes or apparatus adapted for installing optical fibres or optical cables installation of cables containing electric conductors and optical fibres H02G G02B6/48Overhead installation G02B6/483Installation of aerial type G02B6/486by helical wrapping G02B6/50Underground or underwater installationInstallation through tubing, conduits or ducts G02B6/502Installation methods in fluid conducts, e.g. pipelines G02B6/504Installation in solid material, e.g. underground G02B6/506Underwater installation G02B6/508Fixation devices in ducts for drawing cables G02B6/52using fluids, e.g. air G02B6/54using mechanical means, e.g. pulling or pushing devices G02B7/00Mountings, adjusting means, or light-tight connections, for optical elements G02B7/001Counterbalanced structures, e.g. surgical microscopes G02B7/002Mounting on the human body G02B7/003Alignment of optical elements G02B7/001, G02B7/002 take precedence; for mirrors G02B7/1822 G02B7/004Manual alignment, e.g. micromanipulators G02B7/005Motorised alignment G02B7/006Filter holders G02B7/007Pressure-resistant sight glasses G02B7/008with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation G02B7/02for lenses supports for magnifying lenses G02B25/002 G02B7/021for more than one lens G02B7/022lens and mount having complementary engagement means, e.g. screw/thread G02B7/023permitting adjustment G02B7/025using glue G02B7/026using retaining rings or springs G02B7/027 takes precedence G02B7/027the lens being in the form of a sphere or ball G02B7/028with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation G02B7/04with mechanism for focusing or varying magnification G02B7/06Focusing binocular pairs G02B7/08adapted to co-operate with a remote control mechanism G02B7/09adapted for automatic focusing or varying magnification G02B7/10by relative axial movement of several lenses, e.g. of varifocal objective lens G02B7/102controlled by a microcomputer cameras with interchangeable lenses G03B17/14 G02B7/105with movable lens means specially adapted for focusing at close distances G02B7/12Adjusting pupillary distance of binocular pairs G02B7/14adapted to interchange lenses G02B7/027 takes precedence G02B7/16Rotatable turrets G02B7/18for prismsfor mirrors G02B7/1805for prisms G02B7/181 takes precedence G02B7/181with means for compensating for changes in temperature or for controlling the temperature; thermal stabilisation G02B7/1815with cooling or heating systems cooling arrangements for laser mirrors H01S3/0401 G02B7/182for mirrors G02B7/1821for rotating or oscillating mirrors G02B7/1822comprising means for aligning the optical axis G02B7/1821 takes precedence G02B7/1824Manual alignment G02B7/1825made by screws, e.g. for laser mirrors G02B7/1827Motorised alignment G02B7/1828using magnetic means G02B7/183specially adapted for very large mirrors, e.g. for astronomy, or solar concentrators G02B7/185with means for adjusting the shape of the mirror surface G02B7/188Membrane mirrors not in use, see G02B26/06, G02B26/0825 G02B7/192with means for minimising internal mirror stresses not in use G02B7/195Fluid-cooled mirrors not in use, see G02B7/181 G02B7/198with means for adjusting the mirror relative to its support G02B7/1822 takes precedence G02B7/20Light-tight connections for movable optical elements G02B7/22Extensible connections, e.g. bellows G02B7/24Pivoted connections G02B7/28Systems for automatic generation of focusing signals G02B7/282Autofocusing of zoom lenses G02B7/285including two or more different focus detection devices, e.g. both an active and a passive focus detecting device G02B7/287including a sight line detecting device G02B7/30using parallactic triangle with a base line G02B7/305using a scanner G02B7/32using active means, e.g. light emitter including both an active and a passive focus detecting device G02B7/285; using ultrasound G02B7/40 G02B7/34using different areas in a pupil plane G02B7/343using light beam separating prisms G02B7/346using horizontal and vertical areas in the pupil plane, i.e. wide area autofocusing G02B7/36using image sharpness techniques , e.g. image processing techniques for generating autofocus signals image data processing per se G06T; in cameras having a solid state image sensor H04N23/67 G02B7/365by analysis of the spatial frequency components of the image G02B7/38measured at different points on the optical axis , e.g. focussing on two or more planes and comparing image data G02B7/40using time delay of the reflected waves, e.g. of ultrasonic waves G02B9/00Optical objectives characterised both by the number of the components and their arrangements according to their sign, i.e. + or - G02B15/00 takes precedence G02B9/02having one + component only simple lenses G02B3/00 G02B9/04having two components only G02B9/06two + components G02B9/08arranged about a stop G02B9/10one + and one - component G02B9/12having three components only G02B9/14arranged + - + G02B9/16all the components being simple G02B9/18only one component having a compound lens G02B9/30 takes precedence G02B9/20the rear component having the compound G02B9/22the middle component having the compound G02B9/24two of the components having compound lenses G02B9/30 takes precedence G02B9/26the front and rear components having compound lenses G02B9/28the middle and rear components having compound lenses G02B9/30the middle component being a - compound meniscus having a + lens G02B9/32the + lens being a meniscus G02B9/34having four components only G02B9/36arranged + -- + In sub-groups G02B9/38, G02B9/44 - G02B9/56 the first mentioned applicable sub-group takes precedence over later-mentioned sub-groups. G02B9/38both - components being meniscus G02B9/40one - component being compound G02B9/42two - components being compound G02B9/44both - components being biconcave G02B9/46one - component being compound G02B9/48two - components being compound G02B9/50both + components being meniscus G02B9/52the rear + component being compound G02B9/54the front + component being compound G02B9/56all components being simple lenses G02B9/58arranged - + + - G02B9/60having five components only G02B9/62having six components only G02B9/64having more than six components G02B13/00Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below with variable magnification in general G02B15/00 Unless specified in the title of the subgroups, this group and its subgroups do not cover objectives comprising reflecting surfaces, which are covered by G02B17/06, G02B17/08 and their subgroups G02B13/0005having F-Theta characteristic scanning systems employing movable or deformable optical elements G02B26/10 G02B13/001Miniaturised objectives for electronic devices, e.g. portable telephones, webcams, PDAs, small digital cameras G02B23/243 takes precedence G02B13/0015characterised by the lens design G02B13/002having at least one aspherical surfaceWhen classifying in this group, a lens is deemed to be a simple lens or a compound lens G02B13/0025having one lens only G02B13/003having two lenses G02B13/0035having three lenses G02B13/004having four lenses G02B13/0045having five or more lenses G02B13/005having spherical lenses only G02B13/0055employing a special optical element G02B13/006at least one element being a compound optical element, e.g. cemented elements G02B13/0065having a beam-folding prism or mirror G02B13/007the beam folding prism having at least one curved surface G02B13/0075having an element with variable optical properties G02B13/008designed for infrared light G02B13/0085employing wafer level optics G02B13/009having zoom function G02B13/0095Relay lenses or rod lenses in instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies G02B23/2446 G02B13/02Telephoto objectives, i.e. systems of the type + - in which the distance from the front vertex to the image plane is less than the equivalent focal length G02B13/04Reversed telephoto objectives G02B13/06Panoramic objectivesSo-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces G02B13/08Anamorphotic objectives G02B13/10involving prisms G02B13/12 takes precedence G02B13/12with variable magnification G02B13/14for use with infra-red or ultra-violet radiation G02B13/008, G02B13/16 take precedence G02B13/143for use with ultra-violet radiation G02B13/146with corrections for use in multiple wavelength bands, such as infra-red and visible light, e.g. FLIR systems G02B13/16for use in conjunction with image converters or intensifiers , or for use with projectors, e.g. objectives for projection TV G02B13/18with lenses having one or more non-spherical faces, e.g. for reducing geometrical aberration G02B13/002 takes precedence G02B13/20Soft-focus objectives G02B13/22Telecentric objectives or lens systems G02B13/24for reproducing or copying at short object distances G02B13/26for reproducing with unit magnification G02B15/00Optical objectives with means for varying the magnification anamorphotic objectives G02B13/08 G02B15/02by changing, adding, or subtracting a part of the objective, e.g. convertible objective G02B15/04by changing a part G02B15/06by changing the front part G02B15/08by changing the rear part G02B15/10by adding a part, e.g. close-up attachment G02B15/12by adding telescopic attachments G02B15/14 takes precedence G02B15/14by axial movement of one or more lenses or groups of lenses relative to the image plane for continuously varying the equivalent focal length of the objective G02B15/142having two groups only G02B15/1421the first group being positive G02B15/1425the first group being negative G02B15/143having three groups only G02B15/1431the first group being positive G02B15/143101arranged +-- G02B15/143103arranged ++- G02B15/143105arranged +-+ G02B15/143107arranged +++ G02B15/1435the first group being negative G02B15/143501arranged --- G02B15/143503arranged -+- G02B15/143505arranged --+ G02B15/143507arranged -++ G02B15/144having four groups only G02B15/1441the first group being positive G02B15/144101arranged +--- G02B15/144103arranged ++-- G02B15/144105arranged +-+- G02B15/144107arranged +++- G02B15/144109arranged +--+ G02B15/144111arranged ++-+ G02B15/144113arranged +-++ G02B15/144115arranged ++++ G02B15/1445the first group being negative G02B15/144501arranged ---- G02B15/144503arranged -+-- G02B15/144505arranged --+- G02B15/144507arranged -++- G02B15/144509arranged ---+ G02B15/144511arranged -+-+ G02B15/144513arranged --++ G02B15/144515arranged -+++ G02B15/145having five groups only G02B15/1451the first group being positive G02B15/145101arranged +---- G02B15/145103arranged ++--- G02B15/145105arranged +-+-- G02B15/145107arranged +++-- G02B15/145109arranged +--+- G02B15/145111arranged ++-+- G02B15/145113arranged +-++- G02B15/145115arranged ++++- G02B15/145117arranged +---+ G02B15/145119arranged ++--+ G02B15/145121arranged +-+-+ G02B15/145123arranged +++-+ G02B15/145125arranged +--++ G02B15/145127arranged ++-++ G02B15/145129arranged +-+++ G02B15/145131arranged +++++ G02B15/1455the first group being negative G02B15/145501arranged ----- G02B15/145503arranged -+--- G02B15/145505arranged --+-- G02B15/145507arranged -++-- G02B15/145509arranged ---+- G02B15/145511arranged -+-+- G02B15/145513arranged --++- G02B15/145515arranged -+++- G02B15/145517arranged ----+ G02B15/145519arranged -+--+ G02B15/145521arranged --+-+ G02B15/145523arranged -++-+ G02B15/145525arranged ---++ G02B15/145527arranged -+-++ G02B15/145529arranged --+++ G02B15/145531arranged -++++ G02B15/146having more than five groups G02B15/1461the first group being positive G02B15/1465the first group being negative G02B15/15compensation by means of only one movement or by means of only linearly related movements, e.g. optical compensation G02B15/16with interdependent non-linearly related movements between one lens or lens group, and another lens or lens group G02B15/22 takes precedence G02B15/163having a first movable lens or lens group and a second movable lens or lens group, both in front of a fixed lens or lens group G02B15/177 takes precedence G02B15/167having an additional fixed front lens or group of lenses G02B15/17arranged +-- G02B15/173arranged +-+ G02B15/177having a negative front lens or group of lenses G02B15/20having an additional movable lens or lens group for varying the objective focal length G02B15/22with movable lens means specially adapted for focusing at close distances G02B15/24having a front fixed lens or lens group and two movable lenses or lens groups in front of a fixed lens or lens group G02B15/26arranged +-- G02B15/28arranged +-+ G02B17/00Systems with reflecting surfaces, with or without refracting elements G02B17/002Arrays of reflective systems G02B17/004Systems comprising a plurality of reflections between two or more surfaces, e.g. cells, resonators multipass arrangements for optical cuvettes G01N21/031; laser resonators H01S3/05 G02B17/006Systems in which light light is reflected on a plurality of parallel surfaces, e.g. louvre mirrors, total internal reflection [TIR] lenses Fresnel mirrors G02B5/09, Fresnel lenses G02B3/08 G02B17/008Systems specially adapted to form image relays or chained systems G02B17/02Catoptric systems, e.g. image erecting and reversing system G02B17/023for extending or folding an optical path, e.g. delay lines G02B17/026having static image erecting or reversing properties only G02B17/045 takes precedence; optical derotators G02B27/642; optical devices for controlling the direction of light using movable or deformable optical elements G02B26/08 G02B17/04using prisms only G02B17/045having static image erecting or reversing properties only optical derotators G02B27/642; optical devices for controlling the direction of light using movable or deformable optical elements G02B26/08 G02B17/06using mirrors only , i.e. having only one curved mirror used in non-imaging applications G02B19/00 G02B17/0605using two curved mirrors G02B17/0668, G02B17/0694 take precedence G02B17/061on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0615off-axis or unobscured systems in wich all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0621off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/0626using three curved mirrors G02B17/0668, G02B17/0694 take precedence G02B17/0631on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0636off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0642off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/0647using more than three curved mirrors G02B17/0668, G02B17/0694 take precedence G02B17/0652on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0657off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0663off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/0668having non-imaging properties G02B17/0673for light condensing, e.g. for use with a light emitter details of lighting devices in general F21V; semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission H01L33/00 G02B17/0678specially adapted to emit light in a 360° plane or hemisphere G02B17/0684for light collecting, e.g. for use with a detector G02B17/0689specially adapted to receive light from a 360° plane or hemisphere G02B17/0694with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems systems with only refractive elements G02B15/14 G02B17/08Catadioptric systems used in non-imaging applications G02B19/00 G02B17/0804using two curved mirrors G02B17/0864, G02B17/0896 takes precedence G02B17/0808on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0812off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0816off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/082using three curved mirrors G02B17/0864, G02B17/0896 take precedence G02B17/0824on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0828off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0832off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/0836using more than three curved mirrors G02B17/0864, G02B17/0896 take precedence G02B17/084on-axis systems with at least one of the mirrors having a central aperture G02B17/0844off-axis or unobscured systems in which all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry G02B17/0848off-axis or unobscured systems in which not all of the mirrors share a common axis of rotational symmetry, e.g. at least one of the mirrors is warped, tilted or decentered with respect to the other elements G02B17/0852having a field corrector only G02B17/0856comprising a refractive element with a reflective surface, the reflection taking place inside the element, e.g. Mangin mirrors G02B17/086wherein the system is made of a single block of optical material, e.g. solid catadioptric systems G02B17/0864having non-imaging properties G02B17/0868for light condensing, e.g. for use with a light emitter details of lighting devices in general F21V; semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission H01L33/00 G02B17/0872specially adapted to emit light in a 360° plane or hemisphere G02B17/0876for light collecting, e.g. for use with a detector G02B17/088specially adapted to receive light from a 360° plane or hemisphere G02B17/0884having a pupil corrector G02B17/0888the corrector having at least one aspheric surface, e.g. Schmidt plates G02B17/0892specially adapted for the UV G02B17/0896with variable magnification or multiple imaging planes, including multispectral systems systems with only refractive elements G02B15/14 G02B19/00Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging opticsfor microscopes G02B21/08 G02B19/0004characterised by the optical means employed G02B19/0009having refractive surfaces only G02B19/0014at least one surface having optical power G02B19/0019having reflective surfaces only (e.g. louvre systems, systems with multiple planar reflectors) G02B19/0023at least one surface having optical power G02B19/0028refractive and reflective surfaces, e.g. non-imaging catadioptric systems G02B19/0033characterised by the use G02B19/0038for use with ambient light G02B19/009, G02B19/0095 take precedence G02B19/0042for use with direct solar radiation G02B19/0047for use with a light source G02B19/009, G02B19/0095 take precedence; details of lighting devices in general F21V; non-semiconductor lasers having optical devices external to the laser cavity H01S3/005 G02B19/0052the light source comprising a laser diode coupling into light guides using intermediate optical elements G02B6/4204; semiconductor lasers having optical devices external to the laser cavity H01S5/005 G02B19/0057in the form of a laser diode array, e.g. laser diode bar semiconductor laser arrays with beam combining arrangement H01S5/4012 G02B19/0061the light source comprising a LED semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission H01L33/00 G02B19/0066in the form of an LED array G02B19/0071adapted to illuminate a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the source G02B19/0076for use with a detector G02B19/009, G02B19/0095 take precedence G02B19/008adapted to collect light from a complete hemisphere or a plane extending 360 degrees around the detector G02B19/0085for use with both a detector and a source , e.g. in a transceiver, G02B19/009, G02B19/0095 take precedence G02B19/009for use with infra-red radiation G02B19/0095for use with ultra-violet radiation G02B21/00Microscopes G02B21/0004specially adapted for specific applications G02B21/0008Microscopes having a simple construction, e.g. portable microscopes G02B21/0012Surgical microscopes counterbalanced structures for surgical microscopes G02B7/001 G02B21/0016Technical microscopes, e.g. for inspection or measuring in industrial production processes G02B21/002Scanning microscopes scanning near field optical microscopes G01Q60/18 G02B21/0024Confocal scanning microscopes (CSOMs) or confocal "macroscopes"; Accessories which are not restricted to use with CSOMs, e.g. sample holders Objective revolvers or the like are classified in other groups of G02B21/00 G02B21/0028specially adapted for specific applications, e.g. for endoscopes, ophthalmoscopes, attachments to conventional microscopes G02B21/0032Optical details of illumination, e.g. light-sources, pinholes, beam splitters, slits, fibers G02B21/0036 - G02B21/008; means for illumination of specimens in general G02B21/06 G02B21/0036Scanning details, e.g. scanning stages G02B21/004fixed arrays, e.g. switchable aperture arrays G02B21/0044moving apertures, e.g. Nipkow disks, rotating lens arrays G02B21/0048scanning mirrors, e.g. rotating or galvanomirrors, MEMS mirrors G02B21/0052Optical details of the image generation G02B21/0056based on optical coherence, e.g. phase-contrast arrangements, interference arrangements G02B21/006focusing arrangements; selection of the plane to be imaged G02B21/0064multi-spectral or wavelength-selective arrangements, e.g. wavelength fan-out, chromatic profiling G02B21/0076 takes precedence G02B21/0068arrangements using polarisation G02B21/0072details concerning resolution or correction, including general design of CSOM objectives G02B21/0076arrangements using fluorescence or luminescence G02B21/008Details of detection or image processing, including general computer control G02B21/0084time-scale detection, e.g. strobed, ultra-fast, heterodyne detection G02B21/0088Inverse microscopes G02B21/0092Polarisation microscopes G02B21/0096with photometer devices photometers per se G01J G02B21/02Objectives G02B21/025with variable magnification variable magnification G02B15/00 G02B21/04involving mirrors G02B21/06Means for illuminating specimens G02B21/08Condensers G02B21/082for incident illumination only G02B21/084having annular illumination around the objective G02B21/086for transillumination only G02B21/088for both incident illumination and transillumination G02B21/10affording dark-field illumination G02B21/14 and G02B21/125 take precedence G02B21/12affording bright-field illumination G02B21/14 takes precedence G02B21/125affording both dark- and bright-field illumination G02B21/14affording illumination for phase-contrast observation G02B21/16adapted for ultra-violet illumination ; Fluorescence microscopes G02B21/0076 takes precedence G02B21/18Arrangements with more than one light path, e.g. for comparing two specimens G02B21/20Binocular arrangements G02B21/22Stereoscopic arrangements G02B21/24Base structure G02B21/241Devices for focusing focusing in general G02B7/28 G02B21/242with coarse and fine adjustment mechanism G02B21/244using image analysis techniques G02B21/245using auxiliary sources, detectors G02B21/247Differential detectors G02B21/248objective (or ocular) turrets G02B21/26StagesAdjusting means therefor G02B21/28with cooling device G02B21/30with heating device G02B21/32Micromanipulators structurally combined with microscopes G02B21/33Immersion oils , or microscope systems or objectives for use with immersion fluids G02B21/34Microscope slides, e.g. mounting specimens on microscope slides G02B21/36arranged for photographic purposes or projection purposes G02B21/18 takes precedenceor digital imaging or video purposes including associated control and data processing arrangements image data processing per se G06T G02B21/361Optical details, e.g. image relay to the camera or image sensor G02B21/364 takes precedence; illumination details G02B21/06 and subgroups G02B21/362Mechanical details, e.g. mountings for the camera or image sensor, housings G02B21/364 takes precedence G02B21/364Projection microscopes G02B21/365Control or image processing arrangements for digital or video microscopes G02B21/361, G02B21/362 take precedence G02B21/367providing an output produced by processing a plurality of individual source images, e.g. image tiling, montage, composite images, depth sectioning, image comparison G02B21/368details of associated display arrangements, e.g. mounting of LCD monitor G02B23/00Telescopes, e.g. binocularsPeriscopesInstruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodiesViewfindersOptical aiming or sighting devices G02B23/02involving prisms or mirrors G02B23/14 takes precedence G02B23/04for the purpose of beam splitting or combining, e.g. fitted with eyepieces for more than one observer G02B23/10 takes precedence G02B23/06having a focussing action, e.g. parabolic mirror G02B23/08Periscopes arrangements on floating structures of underwater viewing devices B63C11/49; arrangement of visual watch equipment on submarines B63G8/38 G02B23/10reflecting into the field of view additional indications, e.g. from collimator G02B23/105Sighting devices with light source and collimating reflector reflecting sights for small arms having light source F41G1/34 G02B23/12with means for image conversion or intensification G02B23/125head-mounted G02B23/14Viewfinders for photographic apparatus G03B13/02 G02B23/145Zoom viewfinders G02B23/16HousingsCapsMountingsSupports, e.g. with counterweight G02B23/165Equatorial mounts G02B23/18for binocular arrangements focusing binocular pairs G02B7/06; adjusting pupillary distance of binocular pairs G02B7/12 G02B23/20Collapsible housings G02B23/18 takes precedence G02B23/22Underwater equipment for submarine periscopes G02B23/08; arrangements on floating structures of underwater viewing devices B63C11/49; arrangement of visual watch equipment on submarines B63G8/38This group covers housings, mountings, supports or the like for underwater equipment other than periscopes G02B23/24Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes G02B23/2407Optical details G02B23/2415Stereoscopic endoscopes G02B23/2423of the distal end G02B23/243Objectives for endoscopes G02B23/2438Zoom objectives G02B23/2446of the image relay G02B23/26 takes precedence G02B23/2453of the proximal end G02B23/2461Illumination G02B23/2469using optical fibres G02B23/2476Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports G02B23/2484Arrangements in relation to a camera or imaging device processing or control of video signals generated by an endoscope H04N23/60, H04N23/70 G02B23/2492Arrangements for use in a hostile environment, e.g. a very hot, cold or radioactive environment G02B23/26using light guides for illumination G02B23/2469 G02B25/00EyepiecesMagnifying glasses G02B25/001Eyepieces G02B25/002Magnifying glasses G02B25/004having binocular arrangement G02B25/005with means for adjusting the magnifying glass or the object viewed G02B25/004 takes precedence G02B25/007comprising other optical elements than lenses G02B25/004, G02B25/005 take precedence G02B25/008comprising two or more lenses G02B25/004 - G02B25/007 take precedence G02B25/02with means for illuminating object viewed G02B25/04affording a wide-angle view, e.g. through a spy-hole G02B26/00Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements control of light by modification of the optical properties of the media of the elements involved therein G02F1/00 G02B26/001based on interference in an adjustable optical cavity interference filters G02B5/28; devices or arrangements using multiple reflections in spectrometry or monochromators G01J3/26 G02B26/002the movement or the deformation controlling the frequency of light, e.g. by Doppler effect G02B26/004based on a displacement or a deformation of a fluid G02B26/005based on electrowetting G02B26/007the movable or deformable optical element controlling the colour, i.e. a spectral characteristic, of the light G02B26/008in the form of devices for effecting sequential colour changes, e.g. colour wheels G02B26/02for controlling the intensity of light G02B26/004 takes precedence G02B26/023comprising movable attenuating elements, e.g. neutral density filters G02B26/026based on the rotation of particles under the influence of an external field, e.g. gyricons, twisting ball displays based on orientable dipolar particles G02F1/172; based on electrophoresis G02F1/167 G02B26/04by periodically varying the intensity of light, e.g. using choppers shutters, diaphragms for cameras G03B9/00; devices for eliminating or reducing the effect of flicker in projection systems G03B21/40 G02B26/06for controlling the phase of light G02B26/08 takes precedence , measuring optical phase difference G01J9/00 G02B26/08for controlling the direction of light in light guides G02B6/35 G02B26/0808by means of one or more diffracting elements G02B26/0816by means of one or more reflecting elements G02B26/0825the reflecting element being a flexible sheet or membrane, e.g. for varying the focus flexible mirrors for cosmetic use A45D42/24 G02B26/0833the reflecting element being a micromechanical device, e.g. a MEMS mirror, DMD G02B26/0825 takes precedence; micromechanical devices in general B81B G02B26/0841the reflecting element being moved or deformed by electrostatic means G02B26/085the reflecting means being moved or deformed by electromagnetic means G02B26/0858the reflecting means being moved or deformed by piezoelectric means G02B26/0866the reflecting means being moved or deformed by thermal means G02B26/0875by means of one or more refracting elements G02B26/0883the refracting element being a prism G02B26/0891forming an optical wedge G02B26/10Scanning systems G02B26/101with both horizontal and vertical deflecting means, e.g. raster or XY scanners colour television using laser beams scanning a display screen H04N9/3129 G02B26/103having movable or deformable optical fibres, light guides or waveguides as scanning elements light guides per se G02B6/00 G02B26/105with one or more pivoting mirrors or galvano-mirrors G02B26/101 takes precedence G02B26/106having diffraction gratings as scanning elements, e.g. holographic scanners holographic optical elements G02B5/32, holography G03H G02B26/108having one or more prisms as scanning elements G02B26/12using multifaceted mirrors G02B26/121Mechanical drive devices for polygonal mirrors G02B26/122Control of the scanning speed of the polygonal mirror G02B26/123Multibeam scanners, e.g. using multiple light sources or beam splitters G02B26/124Details of the optical system between the light source and the polygonal mirror G02B26/123, G02B26/127 take precedence G02B26/125Details of the optical system between the polygonal mirror and the image plane G02B26/123, G02B26/127 take precedence; F-Theta lenses G02B13/0005 G02B26/126including curved mirrors G02B26/127Adaptive control of the scanning light beam, e.g. using the feedback from one or more detectors G02B27/0031 takes precedence G02B26/128Focus control G02B26/129Systems in which the scanning light beam is repeatedly reflected from the polygonal mirror G02B27/00Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 G02B27/0006with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation G02B1/18 takes precedence; cleaning in general B08B G02B27/0012Optical design, e.g. procedures, algorithms, optimisation routines G02B27/0018with means for preventing ghost images anti-reflection coatings G02B1/11 G02B27/0025for optical correction, e.g. distorsion, aberration G02B27/0031for scanning purposes G02B27/0037with diffracting elements G02B27/0056 takes precedence; holographic optical elements G02B5/32; zone systems G02B5/1876 G02B27/0043in projection exposure systems, e.g. microlithographic systems G02B27/005for correction of secondary colour or higher-order chromatic aberrations G02B27/0056by using a diffractive optical element G02B27/0062by controlling the dispersion of a lens material, e.g. adapting the relative partial dispersion G02B27/0068having means for controlling the degree of correction, e.g. using phase modulators, movable elements controlling the phase of light using moving or deformable elements G02B26/06 G02B27/0075with means for altering, e.g. increasing, the depth of field or depth of focusNot complete, see also G02B27/00 G02B27/0081with means for altering, e.g. enlarging, the entrance or exit pupil G02B27/0087Phased arrays G02B27/0093with means for monitoring data relating to the user, e.g. head-tracking, eye-tracking G02B27/01Head-up displays Details of head-up displays covered by G02B27/01 but not provided for in this group are also to be classified under G02B27/01 and subgroups G02B27/0101characterised by optical features G02B27/0172 takes precedence G02B27/0103comprising holographic elements G02B2027/0105Holograms with particular structures G02B2027/0107with optical power G02B2027/0109comprising details concerning the making of holograms G02B2027/011comprising device for correcting geometrical aberrations, distortion G02B2027/0112comprising device for genereting colour display G02B2027/0114comprising dichroic elements G02B2027/0116comprising devices for correcting chromatic aberration G02B2027/0118comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility G02B2027/012comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects G02B2027/0121Parasitic image effect attenuation by suitable positioning of the parasitic images G02B2027/0123comprising devices increasing the field of view G02B2027/0125Field-of-view increase by wavefront division G02B2027/0127comprising devices increasing the depth of field G02B2027/0129comprising devices for correcting parallax G02B2027/013comprising a combiner of particular shape, e.g. curvature G02B2027/0132comprising binocular systems G02B2027/0134of stereoscopic type G02B2027/0136with a single image source for both eyes G02B2027/0138comprising image capture systems, e.g. camera G02B2027/014comprising information/image processing systems G02B2027/0141characterised by the informative content of the display G02B2027/0143the two eyes not being equipped with identical nor symmetrical optical devices G02B2027/0145creating an intermediate image G02B2027/0147comprising a device modifying the resolution of the displayed image G02B27/0149characterised by mechanical features G02B27/0176 takes precedence G02B2027/015involving arrangement aiming to get less bulky devices G02B2027/0152involving arrangement aiming to get lighter or better balanced devices G02B2027/0154with movable elements G02B2027/0156with optionally usable elements G02B2027/0158with adjustable nose pad G02B2027/0159with mechanical means other than scaning means for positioning the whole image G02B2027/0161characterised by the relative positioning of the constitutive elements G02B2027/0163Electric or electronic control thereof G02B2027/0165associated with a head-down display G02B2027/0167Emergency system, e.g. to prevent injuries G02B2027/0169Supporting or connecting means other than the external walls G02B27/017Head mounted G02B27/0172characterised by optical features G02B2027/0174holographic G02B27/0176characterised by mechanical features G02B2027/0178Eyeglass type, eyeglass details G02C G02B27/0179Display position adjusting means not related to the information to be displayed G02B2027/0181Adaptation to the pilot/driver G02B2027/0183Adaptation to parameters characterising the motion of the vehicle G02B2027/0185Displaying image at variable distance G02B2027/0187slaved to motion of at least a part of the body of the user, e.g. head, eye G02B27/0189Sight systems G02B2027/019comprising reticules formed by a mask G02B2027/0192Supplementary details G02B2027/0194with combiner of laminated type, for optical or mechanical aspects G02B2027/0196having transparent supporting structure for display mounting, e.g. to a window or a windshield G02B2027/0198System for aligning or maintaining alignment of an image in a predetermined direction G02B27/02Viewing or reading apparatus stereoscopic systems G02B30/00 G02B27/021Reading apparatus G02B27/022Viewing apparatus G02B27/04, G02B27/06, G02B27/08 take precedence G02B27/023for viewing X-ray images using image converters, e.g. radioscopes X-ray screens G21K4/00; X-ray image conversion tubes H01J31/50; circuit arrangements for X-ray apparatus incorporating image intensifiers H05G1/64 G02B27/024comprising a light source, e.g. for viewing photographic slides, X-ray transparancies G02B27/023, and photographic, cine and overhead projectors G03B21/00 and subgroups G02B27/025and magnifying means G02B27/026and a display device, e.g. CRT, LCD, for adding markings or signs or to enhance the contrast of the viewed object G02B27/027comprising magnifying means G02B27/023, G02B27/025, G02B27/04, G02B27/06 and G02B27/08 take precedence G02B27/028characterised by the supporting structure G02B27/04having collapsible parts G02B27/06with moving picture effect G02B27/08Kaleidoscopes G02B27/09Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for adapting the beam shape of a laser diode G02B19/0052; adapting the beam shape of an LED G02B19/0061; coupling into light guides using intermediate optical elements G02B6/4204; beam shaping specially adapted for lasers H01S3/005 G02B27/0905Dividing and/or superposing multiple light beams G02B27/0911Anamorphotic systems G02B27/0916Adapting the beam shape of a semiconductor light source such as a laser diode or an LED, e.g. for efficiently coupling into optical fibers coupling into light guides using intermediate optical elements G02B6/4204; details of lighting devices in general F21V; semiconductor devices with at least one potential-jump barrier or surface barrier specially adapted for light emission H01L33/00 G02B27/0922the semiconductor light source comprising an array of light emitters G02B27/0927Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat G02B27/0933Systems for active beam shaping by rapid movement of an element G02B27/0938Using specific optical elements G02B27/0944Diffractive optical elements, e.g. gratings, holograms gratings per se G02B5/18; holograms used as optical elements per se G02B5/32 G02B27/095Refractive optical elements G02B27/0955Lenses lenses per se G02B3/00 G02B27/0961Lens arrays lens arrays per se G02B3/0006 G02B27/0966Cylindrical lenses cylindrical lenses per se G02B3/06 G02B27/0972Prisms prisms per se G02B5/04 G02B27/0977Reflective elements G02B27/0983being curved G02B27/0988Diaphragms, spatial filters, masks for removing or filtering a part of the beam G02B27/0994Fibers, light pipes optical fibers per se G02B6/02 G02B27/10Beam splitting or combining systems polarising systems G02B27/28; mixing and splitting light signals using optical waveguides G02B6/28; beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, by dividing or superposing multiple light beams G02B27/0905 G02B27/1006for splitting or combining different wavelengths G02B27/1086, G02B27/141 take precedence G02B27/1013for colour or multispectral image sensors, e.g. splitting an image into monochromatic image components on respective sensors spectral imaging systems G01J G02B27/102for generating a colour image from monochromatic image signal sources G02B27/1026for use with reflective spatial light modulators G02B27/1033having a single light modulator for all colour channels G02B27/104for use with scanning systems scanning systems G02B26/10 G02B27/1046for use with transmissive spatial light modulators G02B27/1053having a single light modulator for all colour channels G02B27/106for splitting or combining a plurality of identical beams or images, e.g. image replication G02B27/1066for enhancing image performance, like resolution, pixel numbers, dual magnifications or dynamic range, by tiling, slicing or overlapping fields of view G02B27/1073characterized by manufacturing or alignment methods G02B27/108for sampling a portion of a beam or combining a small beam in a larger one, e.g. wherein the area ratio or power ratio of the divided beams significantly differs from unity, without spectral selectivity G02B27/1086operating by diffraction only G02B27/1093for use with monochromatic radiation only, e.g. devices for splitting a single laser source G02B27/12operating by refraction only G02B27/123The splitting element being a lens or a system of lenses, including arrays and surfaces with refractive power G02B27/126The splitting element being a prism or prismatic array, including systems based on total internal reflection G02B27/14operating by reflection only G02B27/141using dichroic mirrors G02B27/142Coating structures, e.g. thin films multilayers G02B27/143using macroscopically faceted or segmented reflective surfaces G02B27/144using partially transparent surfaces without spectral selectivity G02B27/147 takes precedence G02B27/145having sequential partially reflecting surfaces G02B27/146with a tree or branched structure G02B27/147using averaging effects by spatially variable reflectivity on a microscopic level, e.g. polka dots, chequered or discontinuous patterns, or rapidly moving surfaces G02B27/1086 takes precedence G02B27/148including stacked surfaces having at least one double-pass partially reflecting surface G02B27/149using crossed beamsplitting surfaces, e.g. cross-dichroic cubes or X-cubes G02B27/16used as aids for focusing G02B27/18for optical projection, e.g. combination of mirror and condenser and objective photographic, cine and overhead projectors G03B21/00; photographic projection printing G03B27/32; photolithographic projectors G03F7/20; projection television H04N5/74; colour projection television H04N9/31 G02B27/20for imaging minute objects, e.g. light-pointer G02B27/28for polarising used in stereoscopes G02B30/25 G02B27/281used for attenuating light intensity, e.g. comprising rotatable polarising elements G02B27/283used for beam splitting or combining G02B27/285comprising arrays of elements, e.g. microprisms G02B27/286for controlling or changing the state of polarisation, e.g. transforming one polarisation state into another G02B5/3083 takes precedence; light guide coupling means utilising polarising elements G02B6/34 G02B27/288Filters employing polarising elements, e.g. Lyot or Solc filters G02B5/3016 takes precedence G02B27/30Collimators G02B27/32Fiducial marks and measuring scales within the optical system G02B27/34illuminated G02B27/36adjustable G02B27/40Optical focusing aids G02B27/42Diffraction optics , i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effectG02B27/60 takes precedence G02B27/4205having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant G02B27/4211correcting chromatic aberrations G02B27/0056, G02B27/4222, G02B27/4227 take precedence G02B27/4216correcting geometrical aberrations G02B27/4222in projection exposure systems, e.g. photolithographic systems G02B27/4227in image scanning systems G02B27/4233having a diffractive element [DOE] contributing to a non-imaging application diffusers having a diffractive element G02B5/0252; filters having a diffractive element G02B5/203; systems for controlling the direction of light having diffractive elements G02B26/0808; scanning systems having diffractive elements G02B26/106; beam shaping systems using diffractive optical elements G02B27/0944; beam splitting or combining systems operating by diffraction G02B27/1086 G02B27/4238in optical recording or readout devices optical pick-up devices such as for CD, DVD or BD reader or recorder using diffraction optics G11B7/1353 G02B27/4244in wavelength selecting devices spectrometry G01J G02B27/425in illumination systems mask illumination systems in photolithographic systems G03F7/70158 G02B27/4255for alignment or positioning purposes optical displacement encoding scales G01D5/347 G02B27/4261having a diffractive element with major polarization dependent properties G02B27/4266Diffraction theory; Mathematical models G02B27/4272having plural diffractive elements positioned sequentially along the optical path G02B27/4277being separated by an air space G02B27/4283having a diffractive element with major temperature dependent properties G02B27/4288having uniform diffraction efficiency over a large spectral bandwidth G02B27/4294in multispectral systems, e.g. UV and visible G02B27/44Grating systemsZone plate systems G02B27/46 takes precedence G02B27/46Systems using spatial filtersIn this group, the filter may be in any plane, e.g. the image or the Fourier transfer plane. G02B27/48Laser speckle optics G02B27/50Optics for phase object visualisation G02B27/52Phase contrast optics in microscopes G02B21/14 G02B27/54Schlieren-optical systems G02B27/56Optics using evanescent waves, i.e. inhomogeneous waves G02B27/58Optics for apodization or superresolutionOptical synthetic aperture systems G02B27/60Systems using moiré fringes G02B27/62Optical apparatus specially adapted for adjusting optical elements during the assembly of optical systems G02B27/64Imaging systems using optical elements for stabilisation of the lateral and angular position of the image G02B27/642Optical derotators, i.e. systems for compensating for image rotation, e.g. using rotating prisms, mirrors G02B27/644compensating for large deviations, e.g. maintaining a fixed line of sight while a vehicle on which the system is mounted changes course G02B27/646compensating for small deviations, e.g. due to vibration or shake movement of one or more optical elements for control of motion blur in cameras, projectors or printers G03B2205/0007; image stabilisation in cameras peculiar to the presence or use of an electronic image sensor H04N23/68 G02B27/648for automatically maintaining a reference alignment, e.g. in self-levelling surveying instruments surveying instruments per se G01C G02B30/00Optical systems or apparatus for producing three-dimensional [3D] effects, e.g. stereoscopic images in microscopes G02B21/22 G02B30/10using integral imaging methods G02B30/20by providing first and second parallax images to an observer's left and right eyes G02B30/22of the stereoscopic type G02B30/23using wavelength separation, e.g. using anaglyph techniques G02B30/24involving temporal multiplexing, e.g. using sequentially activated left and right shutters G02B30/25using polarisation techniques G02B30/26of the autostereoscopic type G02B30/27involving lenticular arrays G02B30/28involving active lenticular arrays G02B30/29characterised by the geometry of the lenticular array, e.g. slanted arrays, irregular arrays or arrays of varying shape or size G02B30/30involving parallax barriers G02B30/31involving active parallax barriers involving directional light or back-light sources G02B30/33 G02B30/32characterised by the geometry of the parallax barriers, e.g. staggered barriers, slanted parallax arrays or parallax arrays of varying shape or size G02B30/33involving directional light or back-light sources G02B30/34Stereoscopes providing a stereoscopic pair of separated images corresponding to parallactically displaced views of the same object, e.g. 3D slide viewers G02B30/35using reflective optical elements in the optical path between the images and the observer G02B30/36using refractive optical elements, e.g. prisms, in the optical path between the images and the observer G02B30/37Collapsible stereoscopes G02B30/40giving the observer of a single two-dimensional [2D] image a perception of depth G02B30/50the image being built up from image elements distributed over a 3D volume, e.g. voxels G02B30/52the 3D volume being constructed from a stack or sequence of 2D planes, e.g. depth sampling systems G02B30/54the 3D volume being generated by moving a 2D surface, e.g. by vibrating or rotating the 2D surface G02B30/56by projecting aerial or floating images G02B30/60involving reflecting prisms and mirrors only G02B2207/00 G02B2207/00Coding scheme for general features or characteristics of optical elements and systems of subclass G02B, but not including elements and systems which would be classified in G02B6/00 and subgroups G02B2207/101Nanooptics G02B2207/107Porous materials, e.g. for reducing the refractive index G02B2207/109Sols, gels, sol-gel materials G02B2207/113Fluorescence G02B2207/114Two photon or multiphoton effect G02B2207/115Electrowetting G02B2207/117Adjustment of the optical path length G02B2207/121Antistatic or EM shielding layer G02B2207/123Optical louvre elements, e.g. for directional light blocking G02B2207/125Wavefront coding G02B2207/129Coded aperture imaging