MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

LIGHTING

HEATING

WEAPONS

BLASTING

Guide to the use of this subsection (classes F01-F04)
The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme.

In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for.

In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, per se, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter;

"pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means.

Thus, this term includes fans or blowers;

"machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;

"positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and vice versa;

"non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and vice versa;

"oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;

"rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;

"rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear;

"cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;

"movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move;

"teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;

"internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;

"free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;

cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;

main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or vice versa;

"plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;

"working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump or the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid can be in a compressible, gaseous state, called elastic fluid, e.g. steam; in a liquid state; or in a state where there is coexistence of an elastic fluid and liquid phase.

"steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;

"reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type".

In this subsection:

cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses F01L, F01M, F01N, F01P irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes F01- F04;

lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses F01M, F01N, F01P except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass F01B.

For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses F01B, F01C, F01D, F03B, and F04B, F04C, F04D, which form its skeleton, are concerned:

the principle which resides in their elaboration

the classifying characteristics which they call for, and

their complementarity

Principle

This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class F02, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here.

Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass.

Subclasses F01B, F03B, F04B, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned.

This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses.

Thus, subclass F03B, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses F04B, F04C, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass F03C.

Characteristics

The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible:

Machines; engines; pumps.

As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera.These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus:

Positive displacement; non-positive displacement.

The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus:

Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind.

Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely:

Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid.

Complementarity

This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid.

The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table:

						
______________________________________________________________________ 
 Kind     positive             non-  Working fluid          Relations 
 of       ____________________ posi- ______________________ of gene- 
 dis-            rotary        tive                         rality in 
 place-   reci-  or os-              liquid                 respect 
 ment     pro-   cillat-             and                    of kind 
          cating ing                 elastic elastic        of dis- 
          piston piston  other       fluid   fluid   liquid placement 
______________________________________________________________________ 
 MACHINES 
__________ 
            X              X           X       X             F01B 
                   X                   X       X             F01C 
                                 X     X       X             F01D 
                                 X                     X     F03B 
            X              X                           X     F04B 
                   X                                   X     F04C 
 ENGINES 
__________ 
            X              X           X       X             F01B 
                   X                   X       X             F01C 
                                 X     X       X             F01D 
                                 X                     X     F03B 
            X      X       X                           X     F03C 
 PUMPS 
__________ 
            X              X           X       X       X     F04B 
                   X                   X       X       X     F04C 
                                 X     X       X       X     F04D 
______________________________________________________________________

It is seen from the table that :
- For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates:
F01B and F04B )
F01C and F04C ) Machines
F01D and F03B )
F01B and F03C )
F01C and F03C ) Engines
F01D and F03B )
- For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.

F01

ENGINES OR PUMPS

F01

MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL

ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL

STEAM ENGINES

F01B

MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F01C; of non-positive-displacement type F01D; internal-combustion aspects of reciprocating-piston engines F02B57/00, F02B59/00; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods F16C; flywheels F16F; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general F16H; pistons, piston rods, cylinders, for engines in general F16J

This subclass covers, with the exception of the matter provided for in subclasses F01C - F01P :

engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam engines;

engines for liquids and elastic fluids;

machines for elastic fluids;

machines for liquids and elastic fluids.

Attention is drawn to the note preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "steam" and "special vapour".

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01C

ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES internal-combustion aspects F02B53/00, F02B55/00

This subclass covers:

rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam;

rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for liquids and elastic fluids:

rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for elastic fluids;

rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for liquids and elastic fluids.

In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

"rotary-piston machine" includes the German expressions "Drehkolbenmaschinen", "Kreiskolbenmaschinen" and "Umlaufkolbenmaschinen".

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "rotary-piston machine", "oscillating-piston machine", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal-axis".

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01D

NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES machines or engines for liquids F03; non-positive displacement pumps F04D

This subclass covers:

non-positive-displacement engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam turbines;

non-positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids;

non-positive-displacement machines for elastic fluids;

non-positive-displacement machines for liquids and elastic fluids.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "reaction type", e.g. with airfoil-like blades, and "impulse type", e.g. bucket turbines.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01K

STEAM ENGINE PLANTS

STEAM ACCUMULATORS

ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants F02; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein G21D

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "steam" and "special vapour".

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01L

CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES

Groups F01L1/00 - F01L13/00 cover only valve-gear or valve arrangements without provision for variable fluid distribution.

Valve gear or valve arrangements specially adapted for steam engines are covered by groups F01L15/00 - F01L35/00.

Valve-gear arrangements specially adapted for machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution are covered by groups F01L15/00 - F01L35/00.

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially Note (3).

As regards the above-mentioned Note (3), attention is drawn to F01B3/10, F01B15/06, F01C21/18, F02B53/06, F03C1/08, F04B1/18, F04B7/00, F04B39/08, F04B39/10, and F04C15/06, F04C29/12.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F01L31/20

covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18

F01L31/22

covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18

F01L31/24

covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18

F01M

LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL

LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

CRANKCASE VENTILATING

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, specially as regards Note (3).

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01N

GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL

GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES

evacuation of fumes from the area where they are produced B08B15/00; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on percussive tools B25D17/12

; arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles B60K13/00,

on ships or other waterborne vessels B63H21/32, on aircraft B64D33/04; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on firearms F41A21/30; ground installations for reducing aircraft engine or jet noise B64F1/26; silencers specially adapted for steam engines F01B31/16; air-intake silencers for gas turbine or jet propulsion plants F02C7/045; jet pipe or nozzles for jet propulsion plants F02K

; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines F02M35/00;

combating noise or silencing in positive displacement machines or pumps F04B39/0027, in rotary-piston machines or pumps F04C29/06, in non-positive displacement pumps F04D29/66; means in valves for absorbing noise F16K47/02; noise absorbers in pipe system F16L55/02; conducting smoke or fumes from various locations to the outside F23J11/00; means for preventing or suppressing noise in air-conditioning or ventilation systems F24F13/24

; protecting against, or damping, noise in general G10K11/16

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding Class F01, especially as regards Note 2(b).

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F01P

COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL

COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles B60K11/00; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials C09K5/00;

cooling of gas-turbine engines F02C7/12

; heat exchange in general, radiators F28

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"air" also includes other gaseous cooling fluids;

"liquid cooling" also includes cooling where liquid is used as the heat transferring fluid between parts to be cooled and the air, e.g. using radiators;

"air cooling" means direct air cooling and thus excludes indirect air cooling occurring in liquid cooling systems as explained herefore;

"cooling-air" includes directly or indirectly acting cooling-air.

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially as regards Note (3).

Cooling by lubricant is classified in subclass F01M when the lubrication aspect predominates and in subclass F01P when the cooling aspect predominates.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F02

COMBUSTION ENGINES

HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS

F02B

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES

COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL gas-turbine plants F02C; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants F02G

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"positive ignition" means ignition by a source external to the working fluid, e.g. by spark or incandescent source;

"charging" means forcing air or fuel-air mixture into engine cylinders, and thus includes supercharging;

"scavenging" means forcing the combustion residues from the cylinders other than by movement of the working pistons, and thus includes tuned exhaust systems.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards Note (1).

Engines with specified cycles or number of cylinders are classified in group F02B75/02 or F02B75/16, unless other classifying features predominate.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F02C

GAS-TURBINE PLANTS

AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS

CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS construction of turbines F01D; jet-propulsion plants F02K; construction of compressors or fans F04; gas-turbine combustion chambers F23R; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants F25B11/00; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes

This subclass covers:

combustion product or hot gas turbine plants;

internal combustion turbines or turbine plants;

turbine plants in which the working fluid is an unheated, pressurised gas.

This subclass does not cover:

steam turbine plants, which are covered by subclass F01K;

special vapour plants, which are covered by subclass F01K.

combined cycle plants, which are covered by subclass F01K23/00

In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

"gas-turbine plants" covers all the subject matter of Note (1) above and covers also features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F02D

CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed B60K31/00; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit B60W

In this subclass, the following term or expression is used with the meanings indicated:

"fuel injection" means the introduction of a combustible substance into a space, e.g. cylinder, by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump, continuously or cyclically acting behind the substance;

"supercharging" means supplying to the working space, e.g. cylinder, combustion-air pressurised by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01.

In this subclass, electrical aspects of control arrangements are classified in groups F02D41/00 - F02D45/00.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F02F

CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES

ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

In considering the relationship between class F16 and subclass F02F, class F16 will take precedence unless the subject-matter is specific to combustion engines.

F02G

HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid F01K; gas-turbine plants F02C; jet-propulsion plants F02K

USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES

NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

F02K

JET-PROPULSION PLANTS features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants, air intakes or fuel supply control of air-breathing jet-propulsion plants F02C7/00, F02C9/00

In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

"jet-propulsion plants" means plants using combustion to produce a fluid stream from which a propulsive thrust on the plant is obtained on the reaction principle.

"jet-pipe" means the exhaust duct of a jet engine that carries the exhaust to the nozzle.

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

F02M

SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

In this subclass the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"Carburettors" means essentially apparatus for mixing fuel with air, the fuel being brought into mixing contact with the air by lowering the air pressure, e.g. in a venturi;

"Fuel injection apparatus" means apparatus for introducing fuel into a space, e.g. engine cylinder, by pressurising the fuel, e.g. by a pump acting behind the fuel, and thus embraces the so-called "solid fuel injection" in which liquid fuel is introduced without any admixture of gas;

"Low-pressure fuel injection" means fuel injection in which the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed in the compression stroke of the engine;

"Pumping element" means a single piston-cylinder unit in a reciprocating-piston fuel-injection pump or the equivalent unit in any other type of fuel-injection pump.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F02N

STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES

STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

The starting of engines which are not explicitly stated to be combustion engines will be classified in this subclass insofar as their starting is equivalent to that of combustion engines.

F02P

IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES

TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES

anti-pollution means for internal-combustion engines F02B17/00

; specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines F02B53/12;

ignition of gas turbine plants F02C7/26; ignition of jet propulsion plants F02K9/95; starting of combustion engines F02N9/00

; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs F23Q; measuring of physical variables in general G01; controlling in general G05; data processing in general G06; electrical components in general see Section H;

ignition coils H01F38/12

; sparking plugs H01T13/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F03

MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS

WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS

PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F03B

MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS positive-displacement engines for liquid F03C; machines for liquids and gases F01; positive-displacement machines for liquids F04, rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type F16H41/00

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding Class F01, especially as regards the definition of "reaction type".

This subclass comprises:

engines, other than of positive-displacement type, driven by liquids;

machines, other than of positive-displacement type, for liquids.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F03C

POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS positive- displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids F01; positive- displacement machines for liquids F04; fluid-pressure actuators F15B; fluid gearing F16H

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the meanings of "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary-piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents", and "internal axis".

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F03C1/253

covered by

F03C1/06

F03C1/28

covered by F03C1/0406, F03C1/0605

F03C1/30

covered by F03C1/0409, F03C1/0631, F03C1/0668

F03C1/32

covered by F03C1/0415, F03C1/0626, F03C1/0652

F03C1/34

covered by F03C1/0435, F03C1/0615, F03C1/0655

F03C1/36

covered by F03C1/0435, F03C1/0615, F03C1/0655

F03C1/38

covered by F03C1/0435, F03C1/0615, F03C1/0655

F03C1/40

covered by F03C1/0447, F03C1/0678

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F03D

WIND MOTORS

This subclass covers wind motors, i.e. mechanisms for converting the energy of wind into useful mechanical power, and the transmission of such power to its point of use.

This subclass does not cover electrical power generation or distribution aspects of wind-power plants, which are covered by section H, e.g. H02J or H02P.

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"rotor" means the wind-engaging parts of the wind motor and the rotary member carrying them;

"rotation axis" means the axis of rotation of the rotor.

F03G

SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS

MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR arrangements in connection with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B60K16/00; electric propulsion with power supply in vehicles from force of nature B60L8/00

In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

"motors" means mechanisms for producing mechanical power from potential energy of solid bodies.

F03H

PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR from combustion products F02K

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F04

POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS

PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS

Combinations of positive-displacement and non-positive displacement pumps are classified in subclass F04B as a general subclass for pumps and in subclasses F04C, F04D in respect of matter specific to these subclasses.

F04B

POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS

PUMPS machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type F04C; non-positive-displacement pumps F04D; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped F04F

In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

"piston" also covers a plunger.

Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class B81 and subclass B81B relating to "microstructural devices" and "microstructural systems".

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definitions of "machines", "pumps", and "positive displacement".

Machines, pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members are classified in groups F04B43/00 or F04B45/00.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F04B35/02

covered by

F04B9/08

F04C

ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS engines F03C

ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01 especially as regards the definitions of "machines", "pumps", "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal axis".

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F04D

NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS engine fuel-injection pumps F02M; ion pumps H01J41/12; electrodynamic pumps H02K44/02

This subclass covers non-positive-displacement pumps for liquids, for elastic fluids, or for liquids and elastic fluids whether rotary or not having pure rotation.

This subclass does not cover combinations of non-positive-displacement pumps with other pumps, which are covered by subclass F04B, except that the use of such other pumps for priming or boosting non-positive-displacement is covered by this subclass.

Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class F01, especially as regards the definition of "pump".

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F04F

PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED

evacuating by sorption F04B

SIPHONS

conveying materials in bulk by flows of gas, liquid of foam B65G53/00

Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01.

Combinations of pumps belonging to this subclass with other pumps are only classified in this subclass if such other pumps are fore pumps of diffusion pumps.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F05

INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04

F05B

INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G

This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only.

F05C

INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES

This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only.

F05D

INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS

F15

ENGINEERING IN GENERAL

F15

FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS

HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL

F15B

SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL

FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS

DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meaning stated:

"Telemotor" means a system or device in which a substantially constant amount of fluid is trapped between an input member and an output member to act as a fluid link;

"Servomotor" means a fluid-pressure actuator, e.g. a piston and cylinder, directly controlled by a valve or other device which is responsive to operation of an initial controlling member; "Servomotor" does not cover a telemotor. The initial controlling member may be adjacent to the servomotor or at a distance, and may be, for example a hand lever.

F15C

FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES transducers F15B5/00,

F15B21/00

; fluid dynamics in general F15D; computer comprising fluid elements G06D, G06G;

electric control by means of electro-hydraulic or electro-pneumatic amplifiers G05B7/02

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F15D

FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS

nozzles, spray heads B05B; devices to decrease friction or resistance or to increase speed of ships B63B; ship rudders B63H25/38; influencing the flow or the viscosity of fluids with chemical additives C09K3/00, C10M; hydraulic engineering E02B

; fluid circuit elements F15C;

one-way check valves F16K15/00

This subclass comprises boundary-layer control and other arrangements and methods, not provided for in other classes, for influencing the flow of fluids relative to constraining surfaces and after leaving these surfaces, e.g. producing or removing turbulence, deflecting jets, guiding flow through bends in conduits, affecting distribution of fluid in a conduit, reducing fluid friction.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16

ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS

GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS

THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

F16B

DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES, JOINTS OR JOINTING couplings for transmitting rotation F16D

Attention is drawn to:

the Note following group E04B1/38;

the following places:

A44B

Buckles, slide fasteners

A47G3/00

Ornamental heads for nails, screws, or the like

B42F3/00

Means, not using staples, for attaching sheets temporarily together

C14B17/08

Fastening devices, e.g. clips for leather-stretching used in apparatus or machines for manufacturing or treating skins, hides, leathers or furs

E01B9/10

Screws or bolts for railway sleepers

E01B11/00

Rail joints

E04

Connections for building

E04D13/08

Clamping means for down pipes for roof drainage

E04G5/04

Fastening scaffolds against buildings

E04G7/00

Scaffolding couplings

E05C

Bolts for fasteners for wings, specially for doors or windows

F16C29/10

Locking bearings for parts moving only linearly

F16G17/00

Hooks as integral parts of chains

F16L

Pipe joints

F16L3/00

Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets

F16L33/02

Clips for connecting hoses to rigid members

H01F7/00

Magnetic holding devices

H02N13/00

Electrostatic holding devices.

Groups F16B2/00 - F16B47/00 take precedence over group F16B1/00.

In this main group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of F16B2200/00

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16B7/08

covered by F16B5/12, F16B7/04, F16L3/00

F16B7/12

covered by

F16B7/105

F16B13/13

covered by F16B13/002, F16B13/12

F16B25/02

covered by

F16B25/103

F16B25/04

covered by F16B25/00, F16B25/106

F16B25/06

covered by F16B25/00, F16B25/106

F16B25/08

covered by F16B25/00, F16B25/106

F16B37/10

covered by F16B37/0842, F16B37/0871

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16C

SHAFTS

FLEXIBLE SHAFTS

ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS

ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS

BEARINGS

In this subclass the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

"rotary bodies other than gearing elements" covers any element which rotates so far as its features are affected only by the fact that it rotates.

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A01B71/04

Bearings for agricultural machines

B21B31/07

Adaptation of roll bearings for metal-rolling mills

B61C17/10

Connecting-rods, bearings for driving wheels of railway locomotives

B61F15/00

Axle-boxes for railway vehicles

B62K21/06

Bearings for steering heads E06B9/174, E06B9/50 Bearings specially adapted for roller shutters or for roller blinds

E21B10/22

Bearings for drill bits

F01C21/02

Arrangement of bearings in rotary-piston machines or engines

F01D25/16

Arrangement of bearings in non-positive displacement machines or engines

F02C7/06

Arrangement of bearings in gas-turbine plants

G01C19/16

Bearings for gyroscopes

G01D11/02

Bearings or suspensions for moving parts of measuring instruments

G01G21/02

Arrangements of bearings in weighing apparatus

G01R1/10

Arrangements of bearings in instruments for measuring electric variables

G01R11/12

Arrangements of bearings for apparatus for measuring time integral of electric power or current

G02C5/22

Hinges for spectacles

G04B31/00

Bearings for clockwork

H02N15/00

Magnetic levitation devices.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16D

COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION

CLUTCHES

BRAKES

Attention is drawn to the following places: A01D69/08, A01D69/10Clutches or brakes of harvesting machines for grass or cereals;

A61C1/18

Clutches in dental machines for boring or cutting;

B21B35/14

Drive couplings for metal-rolling mills;

B30B15/10

Brakes specially adapted for presses;

B30B15/12

Clutches specially adapted for presses;

B41J33/52

Braking devices for ribbon-feed devices in selective printing mechanisms;

B60K17/00

Arrangement or location of clutches in vehicles;

B61H

Brakes peculiar to rail vehicles;

B62B5/04

Braking mechanisms for hand carts;

B62B9/08

Braking mechanisms for children's carriages or perambulators;

B62C7/00

Braking mechanisms for animal-drawn vehicles;

B62L

Cycle brakes;

B66D5/00

Braking devices for lifting or hoisting gear;

E21B17/02

Couplings for drilling rods;

H02P3/04

Brakes for electric motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters;

H04L13/04

Clutches for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16D3/19

covered by F16D3/50;

F16D3/27

covered by F16D3/265;

F16D27/07

covered by F16D27/06, F16D27/14;

F16D48/12

covered by B60K23/0808.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16F

SPRINGS

SHOCK-ABSORBERS

MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION

This subclass covers:

springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers;

their arrangement in, or adaptation for, particular apparatus if not provided for in the subclasses covering said apparatus.

This subclass does not cover inventions concerning the arrangement or adaptation of springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers in, or for, particular apparatus, if provided for in the subclasses concerning the said apparatus, e.g. A47C23/00 - A47C27/00Spring mattresses

A61F2/00

Prostheses

A63C5/075

Vibration dampers in skis

B60G

Vehicle suspensions

B60R19/24

Mounting of bumpers on vehicles

B61F

Rail vehicle suspensions

B61G11/00

Buffers for railway or tramway vehicles

B62D21/15

Vehicle chassis frames having impact absorbing means

B62J1/02

Resiliently mounted saddles on cycles

B62K21/08

Steering dampers

B63H21/30

Anti-vibration mounting of marine propulsion plant in ships

B64C25/58

Arrangement of shock-absorbers or springs in aeroplane alighting gear

B65D81/02

Containers, packing elements or packages with shock-absorbing means

D06F37/20

Resilient mountings in washing machines

D06F49/06

Resilient mountings in domestic spin-dryers

E04B1/98

Protection of buildings against vibrations or shocks

E05D7/086

Braking devices structurally combined with hinges

F03G1/00

Spring motors

F16L3/20

Pipe or cable supports

F21V15/04

Resilient mounting of lighting devices

F41A25/00

Gun cradles to permit recoil

F41B5/1426

Vibration dampers for archery bows

G01D11/00

Indicating or recording in connection with measuring

G01G21/10

Weighing apparatus, e.g. arrangement of shock-absorbers in weighing apparatus

G04B

Clocks, watches

G12B3/08

Damping of movements in instruments

G21C7/20

Disposition of shock-absorbing devices for displaceable control elements in nuclear reactors.

H02G7/14

Arrangements or devices for damping mechanical oscillations of power lines

Mention of "steel" or "metal" in groups F16F, unless specific mention is made otherwise, should be seen in the light of the title of group F16F1/00, i.e. material having low internal friction. This normally includes composite materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics.

Mention of "rubber" or "plastics" in group F16F, unless specific mention is made otherwise, should be seen in the light of the title of group F16F1/36, i.e. material having high internal friction. This normally does NOT include composite materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics except in the case of groups F16F1/366 - F16F1/3686 and F16F15/305.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16F3/07

covered by

F16F13/00

F16F9/24

covered by

F16F9/22

F16F9/40

covered by F16F9/00 - F16F9/50

F16F9/508

covered by

F16F9/512

F16F11/00

covered by F16F7/00, F16F9/00, F16F15/00

F16F13/12

covered by

F16F13/08

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16G

BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES

CHAINS

FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR

Attention is drawn to the following places:

B63B21/04

Fastening equipment for chains, ropes or the like for ships

B63B21/20

Adaptations of chains, ropes or the like for ships

B65G15/30

Endless conveyor belts B65G17/38, B65G19/20 Traction chains for conveyors

F16H

Gearings using flexible members

F16H9/24

Chains specially adapted for gearings with variable ratio

H05F

Preventing or carrying-off electrostatic charges.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16H

GEARING

Combinations including mechanical gearings are classified in groups F16H37/00 or F16H47/00, unless they are provided for in groups F16H1/00 - F16H35/00.

In this subclass, sets of rigidly-connected members are regarded as single members.

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"toothed gearing" includes worm gearing and other gearing involving at least one wheel or sector provided with teeth or the equivalent, EXCEPT gearing with chains or toothed belts, which is treated as friction gearing;

"conveying motion" includes transmitting energy, and means that the applied and resultant motions are of the same kind, though they may differ in, e.g. speed, direction extent:

"rotary" implies that the motion may continue indefinitely;

"oscillating" means moving about an axis to an extent which is limited by the construction of the gearing, and which may exceed one revolution, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing;

"reciprocating" means moving substantially in a straight line, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing;

"reversing" or "reversal" means that an applied movement in one direction may produce a resultant movement in either of two opposed directions at will;

"central gears" includes any gears whose axis is the main axis of the gearing.

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A01D69/06

Gearings in harvesting machines

A63H31/00

Gearing for toys

B21B35/12

Toothed-wheel gearing for metal-rolling mills

B60K

Arrangement of transmissions in vehicles

B61C9/00

Transmissions for railway locomotives

B62D3/00

Vehicle steering gears

B62M

Transmissions for cycles

B63H23/00

Transmissions for marine propulsions

B63H25/00

Marine steering gears

B64C27/12, B64C27/58

Transmissions for helicopters

B64D35/00

Transmissions for aircraft

F01-F04Machines, engines, pumps

F15B15/00

Gearings associated with fluid-actuated devices

G01D5/04

Gearing used in indicating or recording apparatus in connection with measuring devices

H03J1/00

Driving arrangements for tuning resonant circuits

H04L13/04

Driving mechanisms for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16J

PISTONS

specially adapted for dampers F16F9/32

CYLINDERS

SEALINGS

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A47J27/08

Pressure cookers

E04B1/68

Sealing building joints

E05C9/00

Multi-point fastening of wings in general

F01B

Machines or engines in general or of reciprocating type, e.g. cylinders peculiar to steam engines

F01B31/28

F02F1/00

Cylinders for combustion engines

F02F3/00

Pistons for combustion engines

F04D29/08

Sealings of non-positive displacement pumps

F17B1/04

Sealing devices for sliding parts of gas holders of variable capacity

F28F9/04

Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16J15/53

covered by

F16J15/43

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16K

VALVES

TAPS

COCKS

ACTUATING-FLOATS

DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING

devices for emptying and evacuating the excess liquid in valves or conduits F16L55/07

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A47J27/09

Safety devices for pressure cookers

A47J31/46

Dispensing spouts, drain valves or like beverage-making apparatus

A61B5/0235

Valves specially adapted for measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels

A61F2/24

Heart valves

A61M16/20

Valves specially adapted for medical respiratory devices

A61M39/00

Tube connectors, tube couplings, valves or branch units specially adapted for medical use in general

A62B9/02

Valves for respiratory apparatus

A62B18/10

Valves for breathing masks or helmets

A62C

Fire extinguishers

B01D35/04

Plug, tap, or cock filters

B05B

Nozzles, spray heads or other discharge apparatus for spraying or atomising

B60C29/00

Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves relative to tyres or wheel rims; Connection of valves to wheel rims, tyres or other inflatable elastic bodies

B60G17/048

Valves specially adapted for adjusting vehicle fluid-spring characteristics

B60T

Valves specially adapted for vehicle brake control systems

B62D5/08

Vehicle power-assisted steering characterised by the type of valve usedB63B7/00, B63C9/00Arrangement of inflating valves for floatable life-saving equipment

B65D47/04

Container closures with discharging valves

B65D90/32

Safety valves for large containers

B65D90/54

Gates or closures on large containers

B67C3/28

Flow control devices for bottling liquids

B67D

Dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids

C21B9/12

Hot-blast valves for blast furnaces

E02B8/00

Details, e.g. valves, of barrages or weirs

E02B13/02

Closures for irrigation conduits

E03C1/04

Water-basin installations specially adapted for wash-basins or baths

E03C1/05

Arrangements on wash-basins for the remote control of taps

E03D

Flushing valves for water-closets or urinals

E03F7/04

Valves for preventing return flow in sewer systems

E05F3/12

Valve arrangements in door closers

E21B21/10

Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems

E21B34/00

Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells

E21D15/51

Arrangement of relief valves in hydraulic mine props

F01B25/10

Working-fluid valves for controlling machines or engines in general or of positive-displacement type

F01D17/10

Final actuators for controlling non-positive displacement machines or engines

F01L

Cyclically operated valves for machines or engines

F02D9/08

Throttle valves for controlling combustion engines

F02K9/58

Propellant feed valves for rocket-engines

F02M

Carburettors, fuel injection

F02M59/46

Valves for fuel injection pumps

F04

Pumps

F16F9/34

Valves for shock absorbersF16L29/00, F16L37/28Pipe joints or quick-acting couplings with fluid cut-off means

F16L55/00

Arrangement of valves in pipes

F16L55/055

Valves specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effect of water hammer

F16L55/46

Launching devices for pigs or moles

F16N23/00

Check valves for lubrication systems

F16T

Draining-off liquids from steam traps

F17C13/04

Arrangement of valves in pressure vessels

F22B37/44

Arrangement of safety valves on steam boilers

F22D5/34

Application of valves to automatic water-feed in boiler

F23L13/00

Valves for air supply control to burners

F23Q2/16

Valves for lighters with gaseous fuel and adjustable flame

F24C3/12, F24C5/16Arrangement of valves on stoves or ranges

F24F

Air conditioning; Ventilation

F25B41/20

Disposition of fluid circulation valves in refrigeration machines

G05D

Controlling non-electric variables

G10B3/06

Valves for organs

G10D9/04

Valves for other wind-actuated musical instruments

G21C9/06

Safety valves structurally associated with nuclear reactors

H01M50/30

Vent plugs in batteries or cells

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16K31/11

covered by F16K31/06, F16K31/08, F16K31/10

F16K31/64

covered by F16K31/002, G05D23/00

F16K31/66

covered by F16K31/06, G05D23/00

F16K31/68

covered by F16K31/001, G05D23/00

F16K31/70

covered by F16K31/002, G05D23/08

F16K31/72

covered by

F16K31/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16L

PIPES

JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES

SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING

MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL

In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"pipe" means a conduit of closed cross-section, which is specially adapted to convey fluids, materials or objects;

"hose" means a pipe, as defined above, which has flexibility as an essential characteristic.

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A61M39/00

Tube connectors, tube couplings or branch units, specially adapted for medical use

B05B1/20

Perforated pipes

B60T17/04

Arrangement of piping or air hoses in brake systems

B63B35/03

Pipe-laying vessels

B64D39/04

Adaptation of hose constructions for refuelling aircraft during flight

B65G51/00

Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure

B65G53/00

Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes

B67D7/38

Arrangements of hoses in apparatus for transferring liquids, e.g. fuel, from bulk to vehicles or portable containers

E01D19/10

Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges

E03B

Water supply installations

E03D11/17

Means for connecting water-closet bowls to the flushing pipe

E03D11/18

Siphons for water-closets

E03F3/04

Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers

E04D13/08

Down pipes for roof drainage; Clamping means therefor

E04F17/00

Vertical ducts, channels in buildings, e.g. chimneys

E21F1/04

Air ducts for ventilation of mines or tunnels; Connections therefor

E21F17/02

Suspension devices for tubes or the like in mines or tunnels

F01N

Gas flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines

F16B7/00

Connections of rods or tubes

F16N21/00

Conduits, junctions for lubrication systems

F17C3/02

Thermal insulation of vessels not under pressure for storing liquefied or solidified gases, e.g. Dewar flask

F17D

Pipe-line systems, pipe-lines

F22B37/10

Water tubes of steam boilers

F23J13/04

Joints, connections for chimneys or flues

F24H9/12

Connecting circulation pipes to heaters

F28F9/04

Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers

G21C15/22

Structural association of coolant tubes with headers or other pipes in nuclear reactors

H02G3/04

Protective tubing or conduits for electric cables

H02G3/26

Installations of electric cables or lines, or protective tubing on or in walls,ceilings or floors.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F16L19/03

covered by F16L19/0212;

F16L59/05

covered by F16L59/021.

F16L101/14

covered by

F16L2101/10

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16M

FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE

STANDS

SUPPORTS

Attention is drawn to the following places:

B21B31/02

Metal-rolling stand frames

G01D11/30

Supports specially adapted for indicating or recording instruments.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16N

LUBRICATING

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A01D69/12

Lubrication of harvesters;

B21J3/00

Lubricating during forging or pressing;

B25D17/26

Lubricating of portable power-driven percussive tools;

B60R17/00

Arrangements or adaptations of lubricating; systems or devices in vehicles;

B61C17/08

Lubrication systems for railway locomotives;

B62D55/092

Vehicle endless-track units with lubrication means;

D04B35/28

Devices for lubricating knitting machine parts;

E05B17/08

Lubricating devices for locks;

E05D11/02

Lubricating arrangements for hinges;

E21B10/22

Lubricating details of roller drill bits for earth; drilling.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16P

SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL;

SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES

Attention is drawn to the following places:

A01D75/18

Harvesting machines

A01F21/00

Threshing machines or baling presses

B02C23/04

Crushing or disintegrating machines

B21B33/00

Rolling of metal

B21D55/00

Working sheet metal or tubes, rods or profiles without essentially removing material

B23B25/04

Turning-machines

B23Q11/00

Machine tools

B24B55/00

Grinding or polishing machines

B25J19/06

Manipulators

B26D7/22

Cutting machines

B27G19/00

Wood saws

B65B57/00

Packaging machines or apparatus

B65G43/00

Conveyors

B65H26/00

Web-advancing mechanisms

B65H63/00

Handling or winding of thin or filamentary material

D01G31/00

Treatment of fibres

D01H13/14

Spinning or twisting

D05B83/00

Sewing machines

F21V25/00

Lighting devices.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16S

CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL

STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL

This subclass does not cover similar elements and structures, restricted to use in the building art, which are covered by subclass E04C.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F16T

STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F17

STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS

F17B

GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY self-acting gas cut-off devices A47J27/62, G05D; flame traps A62C4/00; gas mixers B01F, F16K11/00, G05D11/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H7/00, gas compressors F04; valves F16K; damping pulsations in valves or pipes F16K, F16L; pipes F16L; stopping devices for gas mains F16L55/10; vessels adapted for storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases F17C; gas distribution systems F17D1/04; detecting leakage F17D5/02, G01M; supervising or alarm devices F17D5/02, G08B; control of combustion in burners F23N; gas flow or pressure regulators G05D

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F17C

VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES

FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS

FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth B65G5/00; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques E04H7/00; variable-capacity gas-holders F17B; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F17D

PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS

PIPE-LINES pumps or compressors F04; fluid dynamics F15D; valves or the like F16K; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories F16L; steam traps or the like F16T; fluid-pressure electric cables H01B9/06

In this subclass, pipe-line systems are interpreted as systems described in flow sheets as well as arrangements of co-operating elements, the elements per se being covered in the relevant subclasses.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F21

LIGHTING

HEATING

F21

LIGHTING

In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"Portable" means "intended to be carried personally"

"Non-portable" means "not intended to be carried personally, even if capable of being moved from place to place"

F21H

INCANDESCENT MANTLES

OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F21K

NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE

LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE

LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL

LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS

LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses F21W and F21Y.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F21K5/04

covered by G03B15/0457;

F21K5/06

covered by G03B15/0442;

F21K5/08

covered by F21K5/02, G03B15/0442;

F21K5/10

covered by G03B15/0442;

F21K5/12

covered by F21K5/023;

F21K5/14

covered by F21K5/026, G03B15/0489;

F21K5/16

covered by G03B15/0452;

F21K5/18

covered by G03B15/0452;

F21K5/20

covered by G03B15/0447;

F21K5/22

covered by G03B15/0442.

F21L

LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION

This subclass covers devices or systems designed or specially adapted to be carried, e.g. by hand, or otherwise transported from place to place, e.g. on wheeled supports, in order to provide illumination as and where required.

This subclass does not cover devices or systems intended for fixed installation, e.g. vehicle lighting, or for use essentially at a permanent location, which are covered by subclass F21S.

Non-electric lighting devices are classified in groups F21L17/00-F21L26/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F21S

NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES

SYSTEMS THEREOF

VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS

This subclass covers:

devices or systems intended for fixed installation or for use at a permanent location, e.g. free-standing floor- or table-lamps.

aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. headlamps.

aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle light signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. brake lamps or direction indicator lights.

This subclass does not cover:

devices or systems specially adapted for transportation, which are covered by subclass F21L.

aspects related to the vehicles in which lighting devices are arranged, e.g. the arrangement or operation of lighting devices on vehicles, which are covered by B60Q.

control of vehicle lighting devices in relation to the vehicle as a whole, e.g. for levelling, swivelling or aiming. Such arrangements are covered by group B60Q1/06, even if the movement of the lighting device occurs inside the lamp housing.

Non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups F21S11/00 - F21S15/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses F21W and F21Y.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F21V

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF

STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

Groups F21V1/00-F21V14/00 cover aspects related to light emission or distribution. Groups F21V15/00-F21V31/00 cover aspects not related to light emission or distribution.

Details of non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups F21V35/00-F21V37/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses F21W and F21Y

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F21V8/00

covered by

G02B6/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F21W

INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS

This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, relating to uses or applications of lighting devices or systems.

F21Y

INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED

This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclasses F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, relating to the form or the kind of the light sources, or of the colour of the light emitted.

F22

STEAM GENERATION

In this class the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

"steam" covers also other condensable vapours, e.g. mercury, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide.

F22B

METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION

STEAM BOILERS steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate F01K; domestic central-heating systems using steam F24D; heat exchange or heat transfer in general F28; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors G21

This subclass covers only methods of, or apparatus for, the generation of steam under pressure for heating or power purposes

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F22D

PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION

FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION

CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION

AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F22G

SUPERHEATING OF STEAM steam separating arrangements in boilers F22B37/26

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23

COMBUSTION APPARATUS

COMBUSTION PROCESSES

In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"combustion" means a heat-producing sequence of chemical reactions between a burnable substance and molecular oxygen, e.g. in air, in most cases generating light in the form of flames or a glow;

"combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame;

"burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame;

"air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.

F23B

METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, C11C5/00, F23C, F23D; using solid fuel suspended in air F23C, F23D1/00; using solid fuel suspended in liquids F23C, F23D11/00; using solid fuel and fluent fuel simultaneously or alternately F23C, F23D17/00; burning of low grade fuel F23G; grates F23H; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus F23K; combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for F23M; domestic apparatus F24; central heating boilers F24D; package boilers F24H

This subclass only covers combustion wherein the main body of fuel is either essentially stationary during combustion or mechanically transported, as opposed to pneumatically transported or suspended in air, during combustion.

In this subclass, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the first appropriate place.

In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used. Methods that are not related to a particular type of apparatus are classified in group F23B90/00.

In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups F23B2101/00 - F23B2900/00.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23C

METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN

A CARRIER GAS OR

AIR burners F23D

In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F23C101/00

covered by

F23C2206/101

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23D

BURNERS

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23G

CREMATION FURNACES

CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION

This subclass covers also the burning of low-grade fuel of solid, liquid, or gaseous nature.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23H

GRATES inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C10/20

CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23J

REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES

FLUES combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, F23G7/06

This subclass covers the cleaning of external surfaces of water tubes of boilers

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23K

FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus F23C10/22

F23L

SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL

air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels F23C;

firebridges with means for feeding air or steam F23M3/04; baffles or shields with air supply passages F23M9/04

VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS

dampers and throat restrictors for open fire-places F24; air inlet valves for open fire fronts F24

INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS

TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS

TERMINALS FOR FLUES

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23M

CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES

DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS

SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS

DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23N

REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION control devices specially adapted for combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles F23C10/28; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel F24B1/187

F23Q

IGNITION devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines F02P; of cigarettes or tobacco A24F; compositions therefor, chemical igniters C06C

EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F23R

GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures F23C10/16

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F24

HEATING

RANGES

VENTILATING

In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"stove" includes apparatus which may have an open fire, e.g. fireplace;

"range" means an apparatus for cooking having elements that perform different cooking operations or cooking and heating operations.

F24B

DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS for solid fuels in combination with gaseous fuels, liquid fuels or other kinds of energy supply F24C1/02

IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES

F24C

DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES exclusively for solid fuels F24B

DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F24D

DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS

DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS

ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plants for heating purposes F01K17/02

In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated:

"Central heating system" means a system in which heat is generated or stored at central sources and is distributed by means of a transfer fluid to the spaces or areas to be heated.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F24F

AIR-CONDITIONING

AIR-HUMIDIFICATION

VENTILATION

USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced B08B15/00; vertical ducts for carrying away waste gases from buildings E04F17/02; tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts, terminals for flues F23L17/02

This subclass covers treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces in air conditioning systems or in room units.

In this subclass:

air-humidification as auxiliary treatment in air-conditioning, i.e. in units wherein the air is also either cooled or heated, is covered by groups F24F1/00 or F24F3/14;

air-humidification per se, e.g. "room humidifiers", is covered by group F24F6/00.

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"air-conditioning" means the supply of air to or the treatment of air in rooms or spaces by means of cooling or a combination of cooling and a further kind of air treatment, e.g. humidification, heating or air purification;

"ventilation" means the supply of air to, or its extraction from, rooms or spaces, and systems for circulating air within rooms or spaces, but does not cover the mere treatment of air being supplied to, extracted from, or circulated within, rooms or spaces.

In this subclass, control or safety arrangements are classified in group F24F11/00. In order to indicate the type of air-treatment system in which these arrangements are used, further classification may be made in groups F24F1/00 - F24F9/00.

F24H

FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL steam generation F22

The distinguishing feature of the air heaters covered by this subclass is that the heat is predominantly released to the air by convection, mostly by forced circulation of the air. The domestic stoves or ranges covered by subclasses F24B, F24C may also be fired or electric air heaters but they release their heat to a considerable extent by radiation and only to some extent by natural convection.

In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"water" includes other liquids and means always the liquid to be heated;

"air" includes other gases or gas mixtures and means always the gas to be heated;

"furnace tubes" means tubes inside the heater wherein combustion is performed;

"fire tubes" means tubes inside the heater through which flue-gases flow from a combustion chamber located outside the tubes;

"heater" means apparatus including both heat generating means and means for transferring the generated heat to water or air.

All storage heaters are classified in group F24H7/00.

F24S

SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS

SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS for producing mechanical power from solar energy F03G6/00

In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"solar heat collector modules", often referred to simply as "modules", covers;

a. whole solar heat collectors

b. elements of solar heat collectors, e.g. reflectors, lenses or heat storage elements.

"absorbing elements" covers elements for absorbing solar-rays and converting it into heat.

"solar heat systems" covers systems having solar heat collectors as their components and using the collected heat

F24T

GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS

GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS

F24V

COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR

F25

REFRIGERATION OR COOLING

COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE

LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES

F25B

REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS

COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS

HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS

F25C

PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE

In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

"ice" means any frozen liquid and also covers frozen semiliquids or pasty substances.

F25D

REFRIGERATORS

COLD ROOMS

ICE-BOXES

COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR refrigerated showcases A47F3/04; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use A47J41/00; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes B60-B64; containers with thermal insulation in general B65D81/38; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion C09K5/00; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases F17C; air-conditioning or air-humidification F24F; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration G12B; cooling of engines or pumps, see the relevant classes

In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:

"device" means an enclosed space to be cooled; such devices being associated either with refrigerating machinery, e.g. in a refrigerator, or with other cold sources, e.g. in an ice-box.

Attention is drawn to Note (2) following the title of subclass F24F.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F25J

LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS

OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS

MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT

OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE cryogenic pumps F04B37/08; gas storage vessels, gas holders F17; filing vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied or solidified gases F17C; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems F25B

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F26

DRYING

F26B

DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM racks for drying fruit and vegetables A01F25/12; drying foodstuffs A23; drying hair A45D20/00; body-drying implements A47K10/00; drying household articles A47L,

e.g. drying footwear A47L23/20;

drying gases and vapours B01D; chemical and physical processes for dewatering or like separating liquids from solids B01D43/00; centrifugal apparatus B04; drying ceramics C04B33/30; drying yarns and fabrics in association with some other form of treatment D06C; drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation, domestic and like spin-dryers, wringing and hot pressing laundry D06F; furnaces, kilns, ovens F27;

treatment including a drying step of semiconductor substrates, e.g. wafers, H01L21/67028

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F26B11/06

covered by

F26B11/0486

F26B13/02

covered by

F26B13/10

F26B13/04

covered by

F26B13/10

F26B13/20

covered by

F26B13/104

F26B23/08

covered by F26B3/343, F26B3/347

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F27

FURNACES

KILNS

OVENS

RETORTS

This class deals with furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus, and details or accessories therefor, in general. It includes the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces, but not the elements themselves. It is not concerned with the processes carried on within the furnaces.

In this class, where appropriate, the term "furnaces" is to be understood as covering kilns, ovens, or retorts.

F27B

FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL

OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS

Attention is drawn to the references and notes following the title of class F27 and the note (par. III) following the Contents of Section H.

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F27B1/09

covered by

F27B1/08

F27B5/05

covered by

F27B5/04

F27B14/16, F27B14/18 covered by

F27B14/0806

F27B21/08 - F27B21/14 covered by F27D3/00, F27D21/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F27D

DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE combustion apparatus F23

Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class F27 and the Note III following the Contents of Section H.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F27M

INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS

This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only.

F28

HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL

Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined below) for specific purposes is classified either in subclass F28B or in the appropriate subclasses of, for example, classes F22, F24, F25, F26; if no such other subclass is appropriate, such apparatus is to be classified in F28C or F28D.

In this class the following terms are used with the meanings indicated:

"Heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid;

"Heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body.

F28B

STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS condensation of vapours B01D5/00; steam engine plants having condensers F01K; liquefaction of gases F25J; details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer arrangements of general application F28F

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F28C

HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION safety devices in general F16P; fluid heaters having heat generating means F24H; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media F28D15/00 - F28D19/00; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application F28F

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F28D

HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means F24H; furnaces F27; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F28F

DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION water and air traps, air venting F16

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F28G

CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS cleaning pipes or tubes in general B08B9/02; devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals, or sludge from boilers while the boiler is in operation, or which remain in position while the boiler is in operation, or are specifically adapted to boilers without any other utility F22B37/48; removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues F23J; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus F28F17/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41

WEAPONS

BLASTING

F41

WEAPONS

This class covers also means for practice and training which may cover also means for practice and training which may have aspects of simulation, e.g. in apparatus for so-called "military games", although simulators are generally covered by class G09.

In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"smallarm" means a firearm which is generally held with one or both hands for firing, but this term also includes a light machine-gun which may be supported on a tripod or the like during firing;

"gun" means any weapon having a barrel and a trigger or firing mechanism for projecting a missile; it may be a piece of ordnance or a smallarm. It may use combustible or explosive propellant charges, air pressure, electromagnetism or other propulsive forces;

"revolver-type gun" means a gun having a revolving drum magazine, the chambers of which are used successively as firing chamber;

"revolver" means a revolver-type pistol;

"semi-automatic firearm" means a firearm from which one shot is fired after actuation of the trigger and which then returns to a condition for firing a subsequent shot upon renewed actuation of the trigger;

"automatic gun" means a gun which will continue firing so long as the initial firing pressure is maintained on the trigger;

"sighting" means bringing into visual coincidence a direction of a target;

"aiming" means bringing a weapon to a direction differing from the sighting direction by corrections in order that the projectile may hit the target;

"laying" means setting a weapon in the correct position for hitting a mark.

Attention is drawn to the definitions of "projectile", "missile" and "rocket" given in Note 2 following the title of class F42.

F41A

FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS

MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE

This subclass covers those features or details which are considered to be of a kind generally applicable to, or to be concerned with intrinsic functions common to, both smallarms and ordnance.

Such features or details are classified in this subclass, even if they are stated to be applied only to smallarms or only to ordnance.

Attention is drawn to the definitions given in Note (2) following the title of class F41.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41B

WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE

WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR projectiles for fishing, e.g. fish-spears, A01K81/00; sports implements for throwing A63B65/00, e.g. boomerangs A63B65/08; stationary apparatus for projecting sports balls, e.g. tennis balls, A63B69/40; throwing or slinging toys A63H33/18; knives, axes B26B; projectiles or missiles other than those incorporating springs as projecting means F42B6/00

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F41B5/16

covered by

F41B5/1473

F41B5/18

covered by

F41B5/1469

F41B5/20

covered by

F41B5/1426

F41B5/22

covered by

F41B5/143

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41C

SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B

ACCESSORIES THEREFOR

Attention is drawn to the definitions in Note (2) following the title of class F41.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41F

APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS smallarms F41C

LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES

HARPOON GUNS functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor F41A; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge F41B

This subclass does not cover the arrangement of armaments, adaptation of mountings therefor, or arrangements of ammunition handlers on ships or aircraft, if they present a shipbuilding or aircraft-building aspect, which are covered by subclass B63G or B64D.

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41G

WEAPON SIGHTS

AIMING optical aspects thereof G02B

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41H

ARMOUR

ARMOURED TURRETS

ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES

MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F41J

TARGETS

TARGET RANGES

BULLET CATCHERS

targets for shooting or hurling games A63F9/0204

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F42

AMMUNITION

BLASTING

This class covers also means for practice or training which may have aspects of simulation, although simulators are generally covered by class G09.

In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:

"primer" effects the first explosive step in the sequence of explosion;

"percussion cap" means a primer which is struck to explode;

"igniter" effects the first spark-producing or heat-producing step but may not be explosive;

"firing-means" or "initiator" (used respectively in the arts of weaponry and blasting) means a device acting directly on the primer, which device may or may not form part of the fuze;

"detonator" or "detonator charge" means a charge used to amplify the explosion of the primer;

"fuze" means an assembly or mechanism which incorporates safety and arming means in order that the explosion can only take place under certain conditions; this assembly or mechanism determines also the moment (instantaneous or delayed) or the manner, e.g. impact, proximity, hydrostatic pressure, of the firing;

"ammunition" covers propulsive charge and projectile whether or not forming a single body, unless otherwise made clear;

"projectile", "missile" or "projectile or missile" means any body which is projected or propelled;

"guided missile" means projectile or missile which is guided during at least part of its trajectory;

"rocket" means projectile or missile which is self-propelled, during at least part of its trajectory, by a rocket engine, i.e. by a jet-propulsion engine carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor;

"fuse" or "fuse cord" means a continuous train of explosive enclosed in a usually flexible cord or cable for setting-off an explosive charge in the art of blasting.

F42B

EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION explosive compositions C06B; fuzes F42C; blasting F42D

The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:

F42B5/14

covered by F42B12/40, A01K11/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F42C

AMMUNITION FUZES blasting cartridge initiators F42B3/10; chemical aspects C06C

ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR filling fuzes F42B33/02; fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes F42B33/04; containers for fuzes F42B39/30

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F42D

BLASTING fuses, e.g. fuse cords, C06C5/00;

for obtaining fluid from wells E21B43/00; for mining or quarrying E21C37/00; for making tunnels or galleries E21D9/006

; cartridges F42B3/00

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

F99

SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION

F99Z

SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION

This subclass covers subject matter that:

Is not provided for, but is most closely related to, the subject matter covered by the subclasses of this section, and

Is not explicitly covered by any subclass of another section.