blabla/PATSTAT/CPC_data/CPCSchemeXML202302/cpc-scheme-C23C.xml

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<class-scheme publication-date="2023-02-01" scheme-type="cpc" publication-type="official">
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>COATING METALLIC MATERIAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION</text></title-part><title-part><text>COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL </text><reference><text>making metal-coated products by extrusion <class-ref scheme="cpc">B21C23/22</class-ref>; covering with metal by connecting pre-existing layers to articles, <u>see</u> the relevant places, e.g. <class-ref scheme="cpc">B21D39/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">B23K</class-ref>; metallising of glass <class-ref scheme="cpc">C03C</class-ref>; metallising mortars, concrete, artificial stone, ceramics or natural stone <class-ref scheme="cpc">C04B41/00</class-ref>; enamelling of, or applying a vitreous layer to, metals <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23D</class-ref>; treating metal surfaces or coating of metals by electrolysis or electrophoresis <class-ref scheme="cpc">C25D</class-ref>; single-crystal film growth <class-ref scheme="cpc">C30B</class-ref>; by metallising textiles <class-ref scheme="cpc">D06M11/83</class-ref>; decorating textiles by locally metallising <class-ref scheme="cpc">D06Q1/04</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, an operation is considered as pre-treatment or after-treatment when it is specially adapted for, but quite distinct from, the coating process concerned and constitutes an independent operation. If an operation results in the formation of a permanent sub- or upper layer, it is not considered as pre-treatment or after-treatment and is classified as a multi-coating process.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">C23C14/36</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="ipc">C23C14/44</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/34</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/358</class-ref> </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><text>Coating by applying the coating material in the molten state</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape</text></title-part><title-part><text>Apparatus therefor</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/325</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/003" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/003</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Apparatus</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0032</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/004</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/325</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0032" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0032</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>specially adapted for batch coating of substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0032</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00322</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00322" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00322</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Details of mechanisms for immersing or removing substrate from molten liquid bath, e.g. basket or lifting mechanism</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0034" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0034</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Details related to elements immersed in bath</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0034</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00348</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>. <br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00342" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00342</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Moving elements, e.g. pumps or mixers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00344" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00344</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Means for moving substrates, e.g. immersed rollers or immersed bearings</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00348" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00348</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Fixed work supports or guides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0035" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0035</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Means for continuously moving substrate through, into or out of the bath </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00344</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0035</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>. <br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0036" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0036</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Crucibles</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0036</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00362</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00361" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00361</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterised by structures including means for immersing or extracting the substrate through confining wall area</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/00362" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/00362</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Details related to seals, e.g. magnetic means</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0038" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0038</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterised by the pre-treatment chambers located immediately upstream of the bath or occurring locally before the dipping process</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0038</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/004</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/004" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/004</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Snouts</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/006" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/006</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Pattern or selective deposits</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0032</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00322</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0034</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00342</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00344</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00348</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0035</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0036</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00361</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00362</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0038</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/004</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0062</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0064</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/51</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/52</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/521</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/522</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/523</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/524</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/5245</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/525</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/526</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/54</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/542</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search. </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0062" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0062</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>without pre-treatment of the material to be coated, e.g. using masking elements such as casings, shields, fixtures or blocking elements</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0062</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0062</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0064" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0064</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using masking layers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0064</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0064</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/02" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/30</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/022</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0222</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0224</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/024</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/026</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0032</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/004</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/325</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/022" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/022</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by heating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/022</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/0224</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0222" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0222</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>in a reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmosphere </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/024</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/0224" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/0224</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Two or more thermal pretreatments</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/024" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/024</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by cleaning or etching</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/024</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/024</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/026" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/026</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Deposition of sublayers, e.g. adhesion layers or pre-applied alloying elements or corrosion protection</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/026</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/026</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/04" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the coating material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Tin or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Lead or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Aluminium or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/14" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Removing excess of molten coatings</text></title-part><title-part><text>Controlling or regulating the coating thickness</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/16" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using fluids under pressure, e.g. air knives</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Removing excess of molten coatings from elongated material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/185" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/185</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Tubes; Wires</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Strips</text></title-part><title-part><text>Plates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>by rubbing, e.g. using knives </text><CPC-specific-text><text>, e.g. rubbing solids</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using magnetic or electric fields</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/26</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/325</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref>. <br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/261" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/261</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>in a gas atmosphere, e.g. inert or reducing atmosphere</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/26</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/265</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/28</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/285</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/265" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/265</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by applying solid particles to the molten coating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/265</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/265</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><text>Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/28</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/29</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/28</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/29</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/285" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/285</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>for remelting the coating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-source">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/285</class-ref> is impacted by reclassification into group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/285</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/261</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/29" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/29</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cooling or quenching</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/29</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/28</class-ref>.<br/>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/28</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/29</class-ref> should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/30" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Fluxes or coverings on molten baths </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/22</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/32" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using vibratory energy applied to the bath or substrate </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/325" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/325</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Processes or devices for cleaning the bath</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Group <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/325</class-ref> is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/26</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the shape of the material to be treated </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Elongated material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Wires</text></title-part><title-part><text>Tubes</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/385" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/385</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Tubes of specific length</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Plates</text></title-part><title-part><text>Strips</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/405" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/405</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Plates of specific length</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Controlling or regulating the coating processes </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination">Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/50</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/544</class-ref> are incomplete pending reclassification of documents from groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/003</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/006</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/02</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/14</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/26</class-ref>.<br/>All groups listed in this Warning should be considered in order to perform a complete search.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/51" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/51</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Computer-controlled implementation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/52" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with means for measuring or sensing</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/521" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/521</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Composition of the bath</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/522" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/522</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Temperature of the bath</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/523" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/523</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Bath level or amount</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/524" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/524</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Position of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/5245" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/5245</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>for reducing vibrations of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/525" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/525</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Speed of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/526" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/526</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>for visually inspecting the surface quality of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/54" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of the mixing or stirring the bath</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/542" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/542</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using static devices separate from the substrate, e.g. a fixed plate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C2/544" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C2/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2/544</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using moving mixing devices separate from the substrate, e.g. an impeller of blade</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge </text><reference><text>build-up welding <class-ref scheme="cpc">B23K</class-ref>, e.g. <class-ref scheme="cpc">B23K5/18</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">B23K9/04</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/01" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/01" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/01</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/02" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/04" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the coating material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/06" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>Metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/067" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C4/067" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/067</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/073" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/073" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/073</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/08" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>containing only metal elements </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C4/073</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/10" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides</text></title-part><title-part><text>Mixtures thereof</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/11" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/11" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/11</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Oxides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/12" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method of spraying</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/123" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/123" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/123</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Spraying molten metal</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/126" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/126" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/126</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Detonation spraying</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/129" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/129" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/129</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Flame spraying</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/131" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/131" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/131</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Wire arc spraying</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/134" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/134" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/134</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Plasma spraying</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/137" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C4/137" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/137</classification-symbol><class-title><title-part><text>Spraying in vacuum or in an inert atmosphere</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C4/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-01-01"><title-part><text>for coating elongate material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C4/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Wires</text></title-part><title-part><text>Tubes</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C4/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C4/185" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C4/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C4/185</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Separation of the coating from the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C6/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C6/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C6/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating by casting molten material on the substrate</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/00" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Solid state diffusion into metallic material surfaces</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C8/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces </text><reference><text>diffusion of silicon <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C10/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/00</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/02" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C8/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C8/04</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/04" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C8/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of selected surface areas, e.g. using masks</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using gases </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C8/36</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>only one element being applied</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Oxidising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using elemental oxygen or ozone</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Oxidising of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Oxidising of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carburising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Nitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in one step</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carbo-nitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in more than one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/36" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C8/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>using ionised gases, e.g. ionitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/42" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>only one element being applied</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carburising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/46" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/46</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/48" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/48</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Nitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/50" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/52" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/52" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in one step</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/54" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carbo-nitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/56" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/56" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/56</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/58" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/58</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in more than one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/60" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/60" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/60</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using solids, e.g. powders, pastes </text><reference><text>using liquid suspensions of solids <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C8/40</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/62" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/62" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/62</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>only one element being applied</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/64" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/64" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/64</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carburising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/66" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/66" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/66</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/68" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/68" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/68</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Boronising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/70" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/70" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/70</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/72" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/72" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/72</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in one step</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/74" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/74" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/74</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carbo-nitriding</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/76" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/76" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/76</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/78" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/78" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/78</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being applied in more than one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C8/80" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C8/80" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C8/80</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C10/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Solid state diffusion of only metal elements or silicon into metallic material surfaces</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/02" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C10/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C10/04</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/04" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C10/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Diffusion into selected surface areas, e.g. using masks</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using gases</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>only one element being diffused</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Chromising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being diffused in one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being diffused in more than one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using liquids, e.g. salt baths, liquid suspensions</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>only one element being diffused</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Metal melt containing the element to be diffused</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Salt bath containing the element to be diffused</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being diffused</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using solids, e.g. powders, pastes</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using a layer of powder or paste on the surface </text><reference><text>using liquid suspensions of solids <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C10/18</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Chromising</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Embedding in a powder mixture, i.e. pack cementation</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>only one element being diffused</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Chromising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/42" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>in the presence of volatile transport additives, e.g. halogenated substances</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Siliconising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/46" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/46</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/48" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/48</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Aluminising</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/50" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of ferrous surfaces</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/52" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/52" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being diffused in one step</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/54" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Diffusion of at least chromium</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/56" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/56" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/56</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>and at least aluminium</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/58" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/58</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>more than one element being diffused in more than one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C10/60" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C10/60" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C10/60</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C12/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C12/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C12/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Solid state diffusion of at least one non-metal element other than silicon and at least one metal element or silicon into metallic material surfaces</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C12/02" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C12/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C12/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Diffusion in one step</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/00" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C14/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/0688" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/0688</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cermets, e.g. mixtures of metal and one or more of carbides, nitrides, oxides or borides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/0694" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/0694</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Halides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Oxides </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/10</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/081" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/081</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/082" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/082</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of alkaline earth metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/083" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/083</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of refractory metals or yttrium</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/085" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/085</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of iron group metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/086" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/086</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/087" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/087</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of copper or solid solutions thereof</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/088" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/088</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of the type ABO<sub>3</sub> with A representing alkali, alkaline earth metal or Pb and B representing a refractory or rare earth metal</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Glass or silica</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Organic material</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Metallic material, boron or silicon</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/165" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/165</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by cathodic sputtering</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>on other inorganic substrates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/185" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/185</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by cathodic sputtering</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>on organic substrates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/205" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/205</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by cathodic sputtering</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the process of coating</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/221" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/221</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Ion beam deposition </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/46</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/48</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/223" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/223</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-02-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>specially adapted for coating particles</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/225" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/225</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Oblique incidence of vaporised material on substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/226" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/226</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>in order to form films with columnar structure</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/228" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/228</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Gas flow assisted PVD deposition</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Vacuum evaporation</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/243" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/243</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Crucibles for source material </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/28</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/30</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/246" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/246</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Replenishment of source material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by resistance or inductive heating of the source</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><text>by wave energy or particle radiation </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/32</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/48</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/325" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/325</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Electric arc evaporation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3407" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3407</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3414" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3414</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3421" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3421</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using heated targets</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3428" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3428</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using liquid targets</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3435" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3435</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3442" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3442</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using an ion beam</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/345" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/345</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using substrate bias</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3457" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3457</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using other particles than noble gas ions </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/0036</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/46</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3464" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3464</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using more than one target </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/56</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/3478" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/3478</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using electrons, e.g. triode sputtering</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/5853" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/5853</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Oxidation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/586" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/586</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Nitriding</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/5873" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/5873</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Removal of material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/588" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/588</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by mechanical treatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/5886" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/5886</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Mechanical treatment </text><reference><text>involving removal of material <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/588</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C14/5893" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C14/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C14/5893</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Mixing of deposited material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/00" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><text>Chemical deposition or plating by decomposition</text></title-part><title-part><text>Contact plating</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C16/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes </text><reference><text>reactive sputtering or vacuum evaporation <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C14/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/003" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/003</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coating on a liquid substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/006" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/006</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterized by the colour of the layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/01" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/01" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/01</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>on temporary substrates, e.g. substrates subsequently removed by etching</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/02" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/04</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0209" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0209</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by heating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0218" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0218</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>in a reactive atmosphere </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/0227</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0227" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0227</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by cleaning or etching</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0236" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0236</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by etching with a reactive gas</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0245" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0245</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by etching with a plasma</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0254" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0254</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Physical treatment to alter the texture of the surface, e.g. scratching or polishing</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0263" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0263</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Irradiation with laser or particle beam</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0272" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0272</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Deposition of sub-layers, e.g. to promote the adhesion of the main coating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/0281" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/0281</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of metallic sub-layers </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/029</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/029" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/029</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Graded interfaces</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/04" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/042" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/042</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using masks</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/045" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/045</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/047" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/047</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using irradiation by energy or particles</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the deposition of metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>from metal halides</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of chromium only</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of aluminium only</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of only one other metal element</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>from metal carbonyl compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>from metallo-organic compounds</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of aluminium only</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of silicon only</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of carbon only</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/27" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/27</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Diamond only</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/271" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/271</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using hot filaments</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/272" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/272</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using DC, AC or RF discharges</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/274" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/274</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using microwave discharges</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/275" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/275</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using combustion torches</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/276" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/276</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using plasma jets</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/277" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/277</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using other elements in the gas phase besides carbon and hydrogen; using other elements besides carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in case of use of combustion torches; using other elements besides carbon, hydrogen and inert gas in case of use of plasma jets</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/278" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/278</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>doping or introduction of a secondary phase in the diamond</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/279" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/279</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>control of diamond crystallography</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of only one other non-metal element</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/301" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/301</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/303" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/303</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Nitrides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/305" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/305</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Sulfides, selenides, or tellurides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/306" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/306</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>AII BVI compounds, where A is Zn, Cd or Hg and B is S, Se or Te</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/308" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/308</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Oxynitrides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carbides</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/325" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/325</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Silicon carbide</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Nitrides </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/303</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/342" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/342</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Boron nitride</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/345" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/345</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Silicon nitride</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/347" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/347</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Carbon nitride</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Carbonitrides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Borides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Oxides</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/401" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/401</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing silicon</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/402" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/402</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Silicon dioxide</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/403" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/403</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/404" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/404</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of alkaline earth metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/405" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/405</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of refractory metals or yttrium</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/406" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/406</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of iron group metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/407" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/407</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/408" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/408</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of copper or solid solutions thereof</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/409" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/409</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of the type ABO<sub>3</sub> with A representing alkali, alkaline earth metal or lead and B representing a refractory metal, nickel, scandium or a lanthanide</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/42" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Silicides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method of coating </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/04</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4401" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4401</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Means for minimising impurities, e.g. dust, moisture or residual gas, in the reaction chamber</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4402" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4402</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Reduction of impurities in the source gas</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4404" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4404</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coatings or surface treatment on the inside of the reaction chamber or on parts thereof</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4405" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4405</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cleaning of reactor or parts inside the reactor by using reactive gases</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4407" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4407</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cleaning of reactor or reactor parts by using wet or mechanical methods</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4408" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4408</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by purging residual gases from the reaction chamber or gas lines</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4409" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4409</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterised by sealing means</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4411" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4411</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cooling of the reaction chamber walls </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/45572</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4412" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4412</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Details relating to the exhausts, e.g. pumps, filters, scrubbers, particle traps</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4414" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4414</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Electrochemical vapour deposition [EVD]</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4415" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4415</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Acoustic wave CVD</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4417" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4417</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Methods specially adapted for coating powder</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4418" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4418</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Methods for making free-standing articles </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/01</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/442" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/442" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/442</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using fluidised bed process</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/448" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/448</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method used for generating reactive gas streams, e.g. by evaporation or sublimation of precursor materials</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4481" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4481</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by evaporation using carrier gas in contact with the source material </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/4486</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4482" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4482</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by bubbling of carrier gas through liquid source material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4483" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4483</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using a porous body</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4485" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4485</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by evaporation without using carrier gas in contact with the source material </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/4486</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4486" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4486</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by producing an aerosol and subsequent evaporation of the droplets or particles</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4487" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4487</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by using a condenser</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4488" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/448" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4488</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by <u>in situ</u> generation of reactive gas by chemical or electrochemical reaction</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/452" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/452" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-11-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/452</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-11-01"><title-part><text>by activating reactive gas streams before </text><CPC-specific-text><text>their</text></CPC-specific-text><text> introduction into the reaction chamber, e.g. by </text><CPC-specific-text><text>ionisation</text></CPC-specific-text><text> or addition of reactive species</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/453" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/453" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/453</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>passing the reaction gases through burners or torches, e.g. atmospheric pressure CVD </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/513</class-ref> takes precedence; for flame or plasma spraying of coating material in the molten state <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C4/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/455" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/455" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/455</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method used for introducing gases into reaction chamber or for modifying gas flows in reaction chamber</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/45502" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/455" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/45502</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Flow conditions in reaction chamber</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/45504" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/455" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/45504</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Laminar flow</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/45506" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/455" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/45506</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Turbulent flow</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/458" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/458</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method used for supporting substrates in the reaction chamber</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4581" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4581</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterised by material of construction or surface finish of the means for supporting the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4582" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4582</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Rigid and flat substrates, e.g. plates or discs </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/4581</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4583" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4583</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>the substrate being supported substantially horizontally</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4584" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4584</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>the substrate being rotated</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4585" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4585</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Devices at or outside the perimeter of the substrate support, e.g. clamping rings, shrouds</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4586" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4586</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Elements in the interior of the support, e.g. electrodes, heating or cooling devices</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4587" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4587</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>the substrate being supported substantially vertically</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/4588" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/458" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/4588</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>the substrate being rotated</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/46" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/46</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the method used for heating the substrate </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/48</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/50</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/463" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/463</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cooling of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/466" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/466</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using thermal contact gas</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/48" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/48</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, radiolysis, particle radiation</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/481" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/481</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by radiant heating of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/482" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/482</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using incoherent light, UV to IR, e.g. lamps</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/483" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/483</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using coherent light, UV to IR, e.g. lasers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/484" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/484</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using X-ray radiation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/485" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/485</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using synchrotron radiation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/486" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/486</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using ion beam radiation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/487" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/487</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>using electron radiation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/488" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/488</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Protection of windows for introduction of radiation into the coating chamber</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/50" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using electric discharges </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>generation and control of plasma in discharge tubes for surface treatment <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01J37/32</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01J37/34</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/503" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/503" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/503</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using dc or ac discharges</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/505" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/505" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/505</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using radio frequency discharges</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/507" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/507" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/507</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using external electrodes, e.g. in tunnel type reactors</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/509" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/509" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/509</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using internal electrodes</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/5093" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/509" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/5093</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coaxial electrodes</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/5096" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/509" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/5096</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Flat-bed apparatus</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/511" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/511" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/511</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using microwave discharges</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/513" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/513" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/513</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using plasma jets</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/515" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/515" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/515</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using pulsed discharges</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/517" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/517" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/517</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><text>using a combination of discharges covered by two or more of groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/503</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/515</class-ref></text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/52" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C16/52" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Controlling or regulating the coating process </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/45557</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C16/279</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/54" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/545" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/545</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>for coating elongated substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C16/56" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C16/56" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C16/56</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating</text></title-part><title-part><text>Contact plating</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This groups covers also suspensions containing reactive liquids and non-reactive solid particles.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/02" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by thermal decomposition</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/04" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/06</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/06" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/08" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the deposition of metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Deposition of aluminium only</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/12" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the deposition of inorganic material other than metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1204" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2014-06-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1204</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>inorganic material, e.g. non-oxide and non-metallic such as sulfides, nitrides based compounds</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1208" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1208</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Oxides, e.g. ceramics</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1212" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1212</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Zeolites, glasses</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1216" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1216</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Metal oxides </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/1212</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1225" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1225</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Deposition of multilayers of inorganic material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1229" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1229</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Composition of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1233" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1233</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Organic substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1241" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1241</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Metallic substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/125" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/125</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Process of deposition of the inorganic material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1254" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1254</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Sol or sol-gel processing</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1258" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1258</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Spray pyrolysis</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1262" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1262</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>involving particles, e.g. carbon nanotubes [CNT], flakes</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1266" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1266</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Particles formed <u>in situ</u></text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/127" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/127</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Preformed particles</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1275" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1275</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>performed under inert atmosphere</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1279" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1279</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>performed under reactive atmosphere, e.g. oxidising or reducing atmospheres</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1283" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1283</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of temperature, e.g. gradual temperature increase, modulation of temperature</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1287" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1287</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with flow inducing means, e.g. ultrasonic</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1291" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1291</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by heating of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1295" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1295</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with after-treatment of the deposited inorganic material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/14" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2021-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>Decomposition by irradiation, e.g. photolysis, particle radiation </text><CPC-specific-text><text>or by mixed irradiation sources</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/143" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2021-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/143</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiation by light, e.g. photolysis or pyrolysis</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/145" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2021-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/145</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiation by charged particles, e.g. electron beams or ion irradiation</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/16" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/54</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1601" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1601</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Process or apparatus</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1603" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1603</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>coating on selected surface areas</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1605" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1605</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by masking</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1607" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1607</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by direct patterning</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1608" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1608</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>from pretreatment step, i.e. selective pre-treatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/161" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/161</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>from plating step, e.g. inkjet</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1612" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1612</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>through irradiation means</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1614" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1614</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>plating on one side</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1616" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1616</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>interior or inner surface</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1619" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1619</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Apparatus for electroless plating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1621" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1621</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Protection of inner surfaces of the apparatus</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1623" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1623</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>through electrochemical processes</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1625" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1625</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>through chemical processes</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1626" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1626</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>through mechanical processes</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1628" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1628</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Specific elements or parts of the apparatus</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/163" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/163</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Supporting devices for articles to be coated</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1632" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1632</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Features specific for the apparatus, e.g. layout of cells and of its equipment, multiple cells</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1633" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1633</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Process of electroless plating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1635" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1635</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Composition of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1637" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1637</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>metallic substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1639" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1639</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Substrates other than metallic, e.g. inorganic or organic or non-conductive</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1641" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1641</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Organic substrates, e.g. resin, plastic</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1642" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1642</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>semiconductor </text><reference><text>semiconductor <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01L21/288</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1644" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1644</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>porous substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1646" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1646</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Characteristics of the product obtained</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1648" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1648</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Porous product</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/165" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/165</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Multilayered product </text><reference><text>layered product <class-ref scheme="cpc">B32B</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1651" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1651</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Two or more layers only obtained by electroless plating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1653" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1653</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Two or more layers with at least one layer obtained by electroless plating and one layer obtained by electroplating</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1655" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1655</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Process features</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1657" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1657</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Electroless forming, i.e. substrate removed or destroyed at the end of the process</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1658" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1658</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with two steps starting with metal deposition followed by addition of reducing agent</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/166" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/166</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with two steps starting with addition of reducing agent followed by metal deposition</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1662" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1662</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1664" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1664</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with additional means during the plating process</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1666" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1666</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Ultrasonics</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1667" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1667</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiant energy, e.g. laser</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1669" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-11-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1669</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-11-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Agitation, e.g. air introduction</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1671" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1671</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Electric field</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1673" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1673</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Magnetic field</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1675" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1675</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Process conditions</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1676" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1676</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heating of the solution</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1678" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1678</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heating of the substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/168" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/168</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of temperature, e.g. temperature of bath, substrate</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1682" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1682</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of atmosphere</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1683" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1683</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of electrolyte composition, e.g. measurement, adjustment </text><reference><text>regeneration of bath <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/1617</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1685" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1685</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with supercritical condition, e.g. chemical fluid deposition</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1687" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1687</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with ionic liquid</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1689" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1689</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>After-treatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1691" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1691</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Cooling, e g. forced or controlled cooling</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1692" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1692</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heat-treatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1694" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1694</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Sequential heat treatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1696" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1696</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of atmosphere</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1698" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1698</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Control of temperature</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/18" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1803" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1803</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of metallic material surfaces or of a non-specific material surfaces</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1806" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1806</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/181" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/181</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by formation of electrostatic charges, e.g. tribofriction</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1813" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1813</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by radiant energy</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1817" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1817</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heat</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/182" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/182</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiation, e.g. UV, laser</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1824" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1824</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by chemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1827" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1827</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>only one step pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1831" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1831</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of metal, e.g. activation, sensitisation with noble metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1834" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1834</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1837" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1837</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Multistep pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1841" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1841</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of metal first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1844" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1844</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1848" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1848</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by electrochemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1851" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1851</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>of surfaces of non-metallic or semiconducting in organic material</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1855" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1855</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination"> the groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/1855</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/1896</class-ref> are not complete, pending reorganisation. See also <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/18</class-ref></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1858" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1858</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by formation of electrostatic charges, e.g. tribofriction</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1862" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1862</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by radiant energy</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1865" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1865</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heat</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1868" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1868</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiation, e.g. UV, laser</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1872" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1872</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by chemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1875" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1875</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>only one step pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1879" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1879</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of metal, e.g. activation, sensitisation with noble metals</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1882" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1882</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1886" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1886</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Multistep pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1889" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1889</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of metal first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1893" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1893</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/1896" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/1896</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by electrochemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>of organic surfaces, e.g. resins</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2006" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2006</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by other methods than those of <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/22</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/30</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2013" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2013</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by mechanical pretreatment, e.g. grinding, sanding</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="reclass-destination"> the groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/2013</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/2093</class-ref> are not complete, pending reorganisation. See also <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/2006</class-ref></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/202" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/202</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by formation of electrostatic charges, e.g. tribofriction</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2026" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2026</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by radiant energy</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2033" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2033</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Heat</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/204" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/204</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Radiation, e.g. UV, laser</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2046" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2046</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by chemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2053" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2053</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>only one step pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="14" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/206" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/206</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of metal other than noble metals and tin, e.g. activation, sensitisation with metals </text><reference><text>sensitising with tin <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/285</class-ref>, sensitising with noble metals <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/30</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="14" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2066" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2066</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, e.g. activation, sensitisation with polymers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2073" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2073</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Multistep pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="14" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/208" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/208</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of metal first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="14" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2086" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2086</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with use of organic or inorganic compounds other than metals, first</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/2093" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/2093</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by electrochemical pretreatment</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Roughening, e.g. by etching</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using acid aqueous solutions</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using organic liquids</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-05-01"><title-part><text>Sensitising or activating</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/285" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/285</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Sensitising or activating with tin based compound or composition</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-11-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-11-01"><title-part><text>Activating </text><CPC-specific-text><text>or accelerating or sensitising with palladium or other noble metal</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/31" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/31" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/31</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with metals</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/50</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using reducing agents</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using hypophosphites</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with copper</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using reducing agents</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/405" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/405</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Formaldehyde</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/42" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with noble metals</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using reducing agents</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/48" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/48</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with alloys</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/50" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with alloys based on iron, cobalt or nickel</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/52" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C18/52" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><text>using reducing agents for coating with metallic material not provided for in a single one of groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/32</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C18/50</class-ref></text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C18/54" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C18/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C18/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Contact plating, i.e. electroless electrochemical plating</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C20/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C20/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C20/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Chemical coating by decomposition of either solid compounds or suspensions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This group <u>covers</u> also suspensions containing non-reactive liquids and reactive solid particles.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C20/02" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C20/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C20/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C20/04" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C20/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C20/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with metals</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C20/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C20/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C20/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with inorganic material, other than metallic material</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C20/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C20/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C20/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/00" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-08-01"><title-part><text>Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C22/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This group <u>covers</u> also suspensions containing reactive liquids and non-reactive solid particles.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> In groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C22/02</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C22/86</class-ref>, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the last appropriate place. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Rejuvenating of the bath is classified in the appropriate place for the specific bath composition.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/02" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using non-aqueous solutions</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/03" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/03" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/03</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing phosphorus compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/04" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing hexavalent chromium compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/05" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/05" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/05</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using aqueous solutions</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/07" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/07" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/07</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing phosphates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Orthophosphates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing oxidants</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/12" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/12" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/12</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing zinc cations</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/13" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/13" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/13</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also nitrate or nitrite anions</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/14" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/14" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/14</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also chlorate anions</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/16" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/16" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also peroxy-compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/17" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/17" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/17</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also organic acids</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/18" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/18</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing manganese cations</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/182" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/182</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also zinc cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="14" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/184" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/184</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also nickel cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/186" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/186</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also copper cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/188" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/18" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/188</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also magnesium cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/20" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing aluminium cations</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/22" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/22" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing alkaline earth metal cations</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/23" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/23" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/23</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Condensed phosphates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/24" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/24" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing hexavalent chromium compounds</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/26" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/26" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also organic compounds</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/27" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/27" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/27</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Acids</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/28" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/28" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Macromolecular compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/30" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also trivalent chromium</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/32" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also pulverulent metals</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/33" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/33" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/33</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also phosphates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/34" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing fluorides or complex fluorides</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also phosphates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/361" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/361</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/362" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/362</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also zinc cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/364" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/364</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also manganese cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="13" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/365" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/365</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing also zinc and nickel cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/367" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/367</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing alkaline earth metal cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/368" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/36" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/368</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>containing magnesium cations</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/37" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/37" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/37</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also hexavalent chromium compounds</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="12" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/38" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/38" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/38</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also phosphates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/40" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing molybdates, tungstates or vanadates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/42" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also phosphates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/43" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/43" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/43</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also hexavalent chromium compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/44" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also fluorides or complex fluorides</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/46" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/46" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/46</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing oxalates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/47" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/47" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/47</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>containing also phosphates</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/48" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/48" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/48</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/50" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/50" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/50</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/52" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/52" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/52</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/53" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/53" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/53</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of zinc or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/54" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/54" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/54</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of refractory metals or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/56" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/56" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/56</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/57" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/57" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/57</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of magnesium or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/58" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/58" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/58</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of other metallic material</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/60" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/60" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/60</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/62" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/62" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/62</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/63" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/63" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/63</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of copper or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/64" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/64" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/64</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of refractory metals or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/66" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/66" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/66</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of aluminium or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/67" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/67" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/67</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with solutions containing hexavalent chromium</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/68" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/68" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/68</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using aqueous solutions with pH between 6 and 8</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/70" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/70" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/70</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>using melts</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/72" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/72" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/72</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/73" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/73" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/73</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>characterised by the process</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/74" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/74" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/74</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>for obtaining burned-in conversion coatings</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/76" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/76" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/76</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Applying the liquid by spraying</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/77" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C22/77" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/77</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Controlling or regulating of the coating process</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/78" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/78" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2017-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/78</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>Pretreatment of the material to be coated</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/80" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/80" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/80</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with solutions containing titanium or zirconium compounds</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/82" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/82" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/82</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>After-treatment</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/83" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/83" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/83</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Chemical after-treatment</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/84" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/84" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/84</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Dyeing</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C22/86" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C22/86" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C22/86</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Regeneration of coating baths</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C24/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating starting from inorganic powder </text><reference><text>spraying of the coating material in molten state <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C4/00</class-ref>; solid state diffusion <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C8/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C12/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/02" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by application of pressure only</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/04" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C24/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Impact or kinetic deposition of particles</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/045" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/045</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>by trembling using impacting inert media</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/06" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/06" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/06</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Compressing powdered coating material, e.g. by milling</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/08" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/08</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>by application of heat or pressure and heat </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C24/04</class-ref> takes precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/082" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/082</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>without intermediate formation of a liquid in the layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/085" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/085</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/087" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/08" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/087</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coating with metal alloys or metal elements only</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>with intermediate formation of a liquid phase in the layer</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C24/103" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C24/10" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C24/103</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coating with metallic material, i.e. metals or metal alloys, optionally comprising hard particles, e.g. oxides, carbides or nitrides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C26/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C26/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C26/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><text>Coating not provided for in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C2/00</class-ref>&#160;-&#160;<class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C24/00</class-ref></text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/021" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-10-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/021</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-10-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>including at least one metal alloy layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/022" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-10-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/022</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-10-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one MCrAlX layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/028" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/02" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-10-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/028</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-10-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/042" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2015-10-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/042</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2015-10-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, rare earth oxides</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/044" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2016-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/044</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/046" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/046</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one amorphous inorganic material layer, e.g. DLC, a-C:H, a-C:Me, the layer being doped or not</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/048" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/04" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/048</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with layers graded in composition or physical properties</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/30" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/30</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/32" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/32</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>including at least one pure metallic layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/321" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/321</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one metal alloy layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/3215" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/3215</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>at least one MCrAlX layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/322" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/322</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>only coatings of metal elements only</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/3225" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/3225</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one zinc-based layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/323" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/323</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one amorphous metallic material layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/324" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/324</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one metal matrix material layer comprising a mixture of at least two metals or metal phases or a metal-matrix material with hard embedded particles, e.g. WC-Me</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/325" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/325</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with layers graded in composition or in physical properties</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/34" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/34</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/341" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/341</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one carbide layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/343" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/343</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one DLC or an amorphous carbon based layer, the layer being doped or not</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/345" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/345</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with at least one oxide layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="11" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/3455" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/3455</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="10" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/347" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/347</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/36" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/36</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>including layers graded in composition or physical properties</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/40" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/40</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/42" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterized by the composition of the alternating layers</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="9" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C28/44" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="C23C28/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C28/44</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>characterized by a measurable physical property of the alternating layer or system, e.g. thickness, density, hardness</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C30/00" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C30/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C30/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Coating with metallic material characterised only by the composition of the metallic material, i.e. not characterised by the coating process </text><reference><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C26/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C23C28/00</class-ref> take precedence</text></reference></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="false" sort-key="C23C30/005" definition-exists="true" ipc-concordant="C23C30/00" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C30/005</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><CPC-specific-text><text>on hard metal substrates</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="true" not-allocatable="true" level="6" additional-only="true" sort-key="C23C222/00" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2222/00</classification-symbol>
<classification-item breakdown-code="true" not-allocatable="false" level="7" additional-only="true" sort-key="C23C222/00" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="CPCONLY" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2222/00</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Aspects relating to chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive medium</text></title-part></class-title>
<classification-item breakdown-code="true" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="true" sort-key="C23C222/10" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="CPCONLY" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2222/10</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Use of solutions containing trivalent chromium but free of hexavalent chromium</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
<classification-item breakdown-code="true" not-allocatable="false" level="8" additional-only="true" sort-key="C23C222/20" definition-exists="false" ipc-concordant="CPCONLY" c-set-base-allowed="false" c-set-subsequent-allowed="true" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>C23C2222/20</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>Use of solutions containing silanes</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></class-scheme>