B23KSOLDERING OR UNSOLDERINGWELDINGCLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDINGCUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTINGWORKING BY LASER BEAM making metal-coated products by extruding metal B21C23/22; building up linings or coverings by casting B22D19/08; casting by dipping B22D23/04; manufacture of composite layers by sintering metal powder B22F7/00; arrangements on machine tools for copying or controlling B23Q; covering metals or covering materials with metals, not otherwise provided for C23C; burners F23D This subclass covers also electric circuits specially adapted for the purposes covered by the title of the subclass. In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: "soldering" means uniting metals using solder and applying heat without melting either of the parts to be unitedThe following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: B23K35/04 - B23K35/20 covered by B23K35/0205 - B23K35/0294B23K35/363 covered by B23K35/3601 - B23K35/3618In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering essentially requiring the use of welding machines or welding equipment, see the relevant groups for the welding machines or welding equipment B23K1/00Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering B23K3/00 takes precedence; characterised only by the use of special materials or media B23K35/00; dip or wave soldering in the manufacture of printed circuits H05K3/34 B23K1/0002Soldering by means of dipping in a fused salt bath B23K1/0004Resistance soldering B23K1/0006Exothermic brazing B23K1/0008specially adapted for particular articles or work B23K1/001Sealing small holes in metal containers, e.g. tins B23K1/0012Brazing heat exchangers B23K1/0014Brazing of honeycomb sandwich structures B23K1/0016Brazing of electronic components B23K1/0018Brazing of turbine parts B23K1/002Soldering by means of induction heating B23K1/005Soldering by means of radiant energy B23K1/0053soldering by means of I.R. B23K1/0056soldering by means of beams, e.g. lasers, E.B. B23K1/008Soldering within a furnace B23K1/012 takes precedence B23K1/012Soldering with the use of hot gas B23K1/015Vapour-condensation soldering B23K1/018UnsolderingRemoval of melted solder or other residues B23K1/06making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations B23K1/08Soldering by means of dipping in molten solder B23K1/085Wave soldering B23K1/14specially adapted for soldering seams making tubes involving operations other than soldering B21C B23K1/16longitudinal seams, e.g. of shells B23K1/18circumferential seams, e.g. of shells B23K1/19taking account of the properties of the materials to be soldered B23K1/20Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating preparation of surfaces in particular ways, see the relevant classes for the treatments or the materials treated, e.g. C04B, C23C B23K1/203Fluxing, i.e. applying flux onto surfaces B23K1/206Cleaning B23K3/00Tools, devices, or special appurtenances for soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering, not specially adapted for particular methods materials used for soldering B23K35/00 B23K3/02Soldering ironsBits B23K3/021Flame-heated soldering irons B23K3/022using a gaseous fuel B23K3/023using a liquid fuel B23K3/024using a solid fuel B23K3/025Bits or tips B23K3/026Removable soldering bits B23K3/027Holders for soldering irons B23K3/028Devices for cleaning soldering iron tips B23K3/027 takes precedence B23K3/029Solder or residue removing devices B23K3/03electrically heated B23K3/0307with current flow through the workpiece B23K3/0315Quick-heating soldering irons having the tip-material forming part of the electric circuit B23K3/0323 takes precedence B23K3/0323Battery-powered soldering irons B23K3/033comprising means for controlling or selecting the temperature or power B23K3/0338Constructional features of electric soldering irons B23K3/0346Handles B23K3/0353Heating elements or heating element housings B23K3/0361Couplings between the handle and the heating element housing B23K3/0369Couplings between the heating element housing and the bit or tip B23K3/0376comprising carbon heating elements or electrodes B23K3/0384 and B23K3/0392 take precedence B23K3/0384the heat being generated by an arc B23K3/0392the heat being generated by contact resistance B23K3/04Heating appliances soldering lamps or blowpipes F23D; electric heating in general H05B B23K3/043Flame-heated appliances B23K3/047electric B23K3/0471using resistance rod or bar, e.g. carbon silica B23K3/0473using Joule effect at the place of contact between a rod and the soldering tip B23K3/0475using induction effects, e.g. Kelvin or skin effects B23K3/0476Soldering pliers B23K3/0478comprising means for controlling or selecting the temperature or power B23K3/053using resistance wires B23K3/06Solder feeding devicesSolder melting pans B23K3/0607Solder feeding devices B23K3/0615forming part of a soldering iron B23K3/0623for shaped solder piece feeding, e.g. preforms, bumps, balls, pellets, droplets B23K3/063for wire feeding B23K3/0638for viscous material feeding, e.g. solder paste feeding B23K3/0623 takes precedence B23K3/0646Solder baths B23K3/0653with wave generating means, e.g. nozzles, jets, fountains B23K3/0661Oscillating baths B23K3/0669with dipping means B23K3/0676Conveyors therefor B23K3/0684with means for oscillating the workpiece B23K3/0692with intermediary means for bringing solder on workpiece, e.g. rollers B23K3/08Auxiliary devices therefor cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes, e.g. before soldering, B08B9/02 B23K3/082Flux dispensers; Apparatus for applying flux B23K3/085Cooling, heat sink or heat shielding means B23K3/087Soldering or brazing jigs, fixtures or clamping means B23K5/00Flame welding or cutting B23K5/00Gas flame welding B23K5/003the welding zone being shielded against the influence of the surrounding atmosphere selection of media B23K35/38 B23K5/006specially adapted for particular articles or work B23K5/02Seam welding making tubes involving operations other than welding B21C B23K5/023of horizontal seams in assembling vertical plates a welding unit being adapted to travel along the upper horizontal edge of the plates B23K5/026of non-horizontal seams in assembling non-horizontal plates B23K5/04using additional profiled strips or the like of welding metal along seam edges B23K5/06Welding longitudinal seams B23K5/08Welding circumferential seams B23K5/083Welding three-dimensional seams B23K5/086helicoidal seams B23K5/10Welding workpieces essentially comprising layers of different metals, e.g. plated workpieces B23K5/12taking account of the properties of the material to be welded B23K5/14of non-ferrous metals B23K5/16 takes precedence B23K5/16of different metals B23K5/18for purposes other than joining parts, e.g. built-up welding B23K5/20making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations B23K5/213Preliminary treatment B23K5/22Auxiliary equipment, e.g. backings, guides B23K5/24Arrangements for supporting torches not restricted to flame welding B23K37/02 B23K7/00Cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing by applying flames thermal deburring B23D79/005 B23K7/001for profiling plate edges or for cutting grooves B23K7/002Machines, apparatus, or equipment for cutting plane workpieces, e.g. plates B23K7/003Machines, apparatus, or equipment for cutting long articles, e.g. cast stands, plates, in parts of predetermined length B23K7/004Seam tracking B23K7/005Machines, apparatus, or equipment specially adapted for cutting curved workpieces, e.g. tubes B23K7/006for tubes B23K7/007for obtaining tube intersection profiles B23K7/008Preliminary treatment B23K7/06Machines, apparatus, or equipment specially designed for scarfing or desurfacing B23K7/08by applying additional compounds or means favouring the cutting, scarfing, or desurfacing procedure B23K7/10Auxiliary devices, e.g. for guiding or supporting the torch guiding means applicable to other metal-working machines B23Q B23K7/102for controlling the spacial relationship between the workpieces and the gas torch B23K7/105specially adapted for particular geometric forms B23K7/107for cutting circles B23K9/00Electric welding or cutting B23K9/00Arc welding or cutting electro-slag welding B23K25/00; welding transformers H01F; welding generators H02K B23K9/0008Welding without shielding means against the influence of the surrounding atmosphere B23K9/0017using more than one electrode B23K9/0026specially adapted for particular articles or work B23K9/0035of thin articles B23K9/0043Locally welding a thin plate to a thick piece spot arc welding B23K9/007 B23K9/0052Welding of pipe panels B23K9/0061Underwater arc welding B23K9/007Spot arc welding B23K9/013Arc cutting, gouging, scarfing or desurfacing B23K9/0135Arc saw cutting B23K9/02Seam weldingBacking meansInserts B23K9/0203Inserts B23K9/0206of horizontal seams in assembling vertical plates, a welding unit being adapted to travel along the upper horizontal edge of the plates B23K9/0209of non-horizontal seams in assembling non-horizontal plates B23K9/0213Narrow gap welding B23K9/0216Seam profiling, e.g. weaving, multilayer B23K9/022Welding by making use of electrode vibrations B23K9/025for rectilinear seams B23K9/0253for the longitudinal seam of tubes B23K9/0256for welding ribs on plates B23K9/028for curved planar seams B23K9/0282for welding tube sections B23K9/0284with an electrode working inside the tube B23K9/0286with an electrode moving around the fixed tube during the welding operation B23K9/0288for welding of tubes to tube plates B23K9/032for three-dimensional seams B23K9/0325helicoidal seams B23K9/035with backing means disposed under the seam B23K9/0352the backing means being movable during the welding operation B23K9/0354the backing means being expandable B23K9/0356the backing means being a tape or strip B23K9/0358the backing means being a ring or sleeve B23K9/038using moulding means not restricted to arc welding B23K37/06 B23K9/04Welding for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding B23K9/042Built-up welding on planar surfaces B23K9/044Built-up welding on three-dimensional surfaces B23K9/046on surfaces of revolution B23K9/048on cylindrical surfaces B23K9/06Arrangements or circuits for starting the arc, e.g. by generating ignition voltage, or for stabilising the arc B23K9/067Starting the arc B23K9/0671by means of brief contacts between the electrodes B23K9/0672without direct contact between electrodes B23K9/0673Ionisation of the arc gap by means of a tension with a step front (pulses or high frequency tensions) B23K9/0675Ionization of the arc gap by means of radiation or particle bombardtent B23K9/0676Ionization of the arc gap by means of heating B23K9/0677Ionization of the arc gap by means of a contact piece disposed between the electrodes B23K9/0678Ionization of the arc gap by means of an auxiliary arc B23K9/073Stabilising the arc B23K9/0731Stabilising of the arc tension B23K9/0732Stabilising of the arc current B23K9/0734Stabilising of the arc power B23K9/0735Stabilising of the arc length B23K9/0737Stabilising of the arc position B23K9/0738Stabilising of the arc by automatic re-ignition means B23K9/08Arrangements or circuits for magnetic control of the arc stabilising of the arc position by magnetic means B23K9/0737 B23K9/09Arrangements or circuits for arc welding with pulsed current or voltage B23K9/091characterised by the circuits B23K9/092characterised by the shape of the pulses produced B23K9/093the frequency of the pulses produced being modulatable B23K9/095Monitoring or automatic control of welding parameters B23K9/0953using computing means B23K9/0956using sensing means, e.g. optical B23K9/10Other electric circuits thereforProtective circuitsRemote controls B23K9/1006Power supply B23K9/1012characterised by parts of the process B23K9/1018Improvements of the cos (phi) of arc welding installations B23K9/1025Means for suppressing or reducing DC components in AC arc welding installations B23K9/1031Reduction of the arc voltage beneath the arc striking value, e.g. to zero voltage, during non-welding periods B23K9/1037Means preventing crater forming at the extremity of the seam B23K9/1043characterised by the electric circuit B23K9/1012 takes precedence B23K9/105by using discharge tubes or mechanical contactors B23K9/1068 takes precedence B23K9/1056by using digital means B23K9/1068 takes precedence B23K9/1062with computing means B23K9/1068Electric circuits for the supply of power to two or more arcs from a single source B23K9/1075Parallel power supply, i.e. multiple power supplies or multiple inverters supplying a single arc or welding current B23K9/1081Arc welding by means of accumulated energy B23K9/1087Arc welding using remote control B23K9/1093Consumable electrode or filler wire preheat circuits B23K9/12Automatic feeding or moving of electrodes or work for spot or seam welding or cutting B23K9/121Devices for the automatic supply of at least two electrodes one after the other B23K9/122Devices for guiding electrodes, e.g. guide tubes B23K9/123Serving also as contacting devices supplying welding current to an electrode B23K9/124Circuits or methods for feeding welding wire B23K9/125Feeding of electrodes for stabilising arc B23K9/073 B23K9/126Controlling the spatial relationship between the work and the gas torch between wire tip and piece B23K9/073 B23K9/127Means for tracking lines during arc welding or cutting copying in general B23Q35/00 B23K9/1272Geometry oriented, e.g. beam optical trading B23K9/1274Using non-contact, optical means, e.g. laser means B23K9/1276Using non-contact, electric or magnetic means, e.g. inductive means B23K9/1278Using mechanical means B23K9/133Means for feeding electrodes, e.g. drums, rolls, motors B23K9/1333Dereeling means B23K9/1336Driving means B23K9/14making use of insulated electrodes B23K9/142Drag welding, the arc length being determined by an insulated layer between the welding electrode and the welding spot or seam B23K9/145the insulated welding electrode being laid along the seam B23K9/147the insulated welding electrode resting with one extremity on the workpiece B23K9/16making use of shielding gas selection of media B23K35/38 B23K9/162making use of a stationary fluid B23K9/164making use of a moving fluid B23K9/167and of a non-consumable electrode B23K9/1675making use of several electrodes B23K9/173and of a consumable electrode B23K9/1735making use of several electrodes B23K9/18Submerged-arc welding B23K9/182making use of a non-consumable electrode B23K9/184making use of several electrodes B23K9/186making use of a consumable electrodes B23K9/188making use of several electrodes B23K9/20Stud welding B23K9/201of the extremity of a small piece on a great or large basis B23K9/202by means of portable equipment, e.g. stud welding gun B23K9/203of cooling fins B23K9/205Means for determining, controlling or regulating the arc interval B23K9/206with automatic stud supply B23K9/207Features related to studs welding studs per se B23K35/0288 B23K9/208Ferrules, e.g. for confining molten material B23K9/22Percussion welding B23K9/23taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded B23K9/232of different metals B23K9/235Preliminary treatment B23K9/24Features related to electrodes form or composition of electrodes B23K35/00 B23K9/26Accessories for electrodes, e.g. ignition tips B23K9/28Supporting devices for electrodes not restricted to arc welding or cutting B23K37/02 B23K9/282Electrode holders not supplying shielding means to the electrode B23K9/285Cooled electrode holders B23K9/287Supporting devices for electrode holders not restricted to arc welding B23K37/02 B23K9/29Supporting devices adapted for making use of shielding means B23K9/291the shielding means being a gas B23K9/293using consumable electrode-rod B23K9/295using consumable electrode-wire B23K9/296using non-consumable electrodes B23K9/298the shielding means being a powder B23K9/30Vibrating holders for electrodes B23K9/022 takes precedence B23K9/32Accessories earthing connections H01R B23K9/321Protecting means protecting means in general F16P1/06 B23K9/322Head protecting means masks, shields or hoods for weldersp A61F9/06 B23K9/323Combined coupling means, e.g. gas, electricity, water or the like electrical only H01R B23K9/324Devices for supplying or evacuating a shielding or a welding powder, e.g. a magnetic powder B23K9/325Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas B23K9/326Purge gas rings, i.e. devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas inside of hollow or tubular articles, e.g. pipes, vessels B23K9/327Means for transporting supplies carriages in general B23K37/02 B23K9/328Cleaning of weld torches, i.e. removing weld-spatter; Preventing weld-spatter, e.g. applying anti-adhesives B23K10/00Welding or cutting by means of a plasma B23K10/003Scarfing, desurfacing or deburring by applying flames B23K7/06 B23K10/006Control circuits therefor circuits for plasma torches H05H1/36 B23K10/02Plasma welding B23K10/022Spot welding B23K10/025by making use of electrode vibrations B23K10/027Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. build-up welding B23K11/00Resistance weldingSevering by resistance heating B23K11/0006the welding zone being shielded against the influence of the surrounding atmosphere selection of media B23K35/38 B23K11/0013welding for reasons other than joining, e.g. build up welding B23K11/002specially adapted for particular articles or work B23K11/0026Welding of thin articles B23K11/0033Welding locally a thin plate to a large piece B23K11/004Welding of a small piece to a great or broad piece B23K11/0046the extremity of a small piece being welded to a base, e.g. cooling studs or fins to tubes or plates B23K11/0053Stud welding, i.e. resistive with an arc B23K9/20 B23K11/006Welding a tip to a base, e.g. pen point nibs B23K11/0066Riveting B23K11/0073Butt welding of long articles advanced axially B23K11/008Manufacturing of metallic grids or mats by spot welding B23K11/0086Grids or mats used in concrete structures B23K11/11 takes precedence B23K11/0093Welding of honeycomb sandwich structures brazing of honeycomb sandwich structure B23K1/0014 B23K11/02Pressure butt welding B23K11/04Flash butt welding B23K11/043characterised by the electric circuits used therewith B23K11/046Apparatus therefor B23K11/06using roller electrodes B23K11/061for welding rectilinear seams B23K11/062for welding longitudinal seams of tubes B23K11/063Lap welding B23K11/065for welding curved planar seams B23K11/066of tube sections B23K11/067for welding three-dimensional seams B23K11/068of helicoidal seams B23K11/08Seam welding not restricted to one of the preceding subgroups B23K11/082of three-dimensional seams B23K11/084of helicoïdal seams B23K11/087for rectilinear seams B23K11/0873of the longitudinal seam of tubes B23K11/0876Lap welding B23K11/093for curved planar seams B23K11/0935of tube sections B23K11/10Spot weldingStitch welding B23K11/105Stitch welding B23K11/11Spot welding B23K11/115by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts B23K11/12making use of vibrations B23K11/14Projection welding B23K11/16taking account of the properties of the material to be welded B23K11/163Welding of coated materials B23K11/166of galvanized or tinned materials B23K11/18of non-ferrous metals B23K11/20 takes precedence B23K11/185of aluminium or aluminium alloys B23K11/20of different metals B23K11/22Severing by resistance heating B23K11/24Electric supply or control circuits therefor B23K11/241Electric supplies B23K11/248 takes precedence B23K11/243Multiple welding installations fed by one source B23K11/245using a stepping counter in synchronism with the welding pulses electromagnetic counters G06M B23K11/246for flash welding B23K11/248Electric supplies using discharge tubes B23K11/25Monitoring devices B23K11/251using analog means B23K11/252using digital means B23K11/253the measured parameter being a displacement or a position B23K11/255the measured parameter being a force B23K11/253 takes precedence B23K11/256the measured parameter being the inter-electrode electrical resistance B23K11/257the measured parameter being an electrical current B23K11/258the measured parameter being a voltage B23K11/26Storage discharge welding B23K11/28Portable welding equipment B23K11/30Features relating to electrodes form or composition of electrodes B23K35/00 B23K11/3009Pressure electrodes B23K11/3018Cooled pressure electrodes B23K11/3027Slide or drag electrodes B23K11/3036Roller electrodes B23K11/3045Cooled roller electrodes B23K11/3054Cooled electrodes B23K11/3018, B23K11/3045 take precedence B23K11/3063Electrode maintenance, e.g. cleaning, grinding B23K11/3072Devices for exchanging or removing electrodes or electrode tips B23K11/3081Electrodes with a seam contacting part shaped so as to correspond to the shape of the bond area, e.g. for making an annular bond without relative movement in the longitudinal direction of the seam between the electrode holder and the work B23K11/309Wire electrodes B23K11/31Electrode holders and actuating devices therefornot restricted to resistance welding or severing by resistance heating B23K37/02 B23K11/311the actuating device comprising an electric motor B23K11/312for several electrodes B23K11/314Spot welding guns, e.g. mounted on robots B23K11/315with one electrode moving on a linear path B23K11/317Equalizing; Balancing devices for electrode holders B23K11/318Supporting devices for electrode holders B23K11/34Preliminary treatment B23K11/36Auxiliary equipment B23K11/31 takes precedence B23K11/362Contact means for supplying welding current to the electrodes B23K11/364Clamping contacts B23K11/366Sliding contacts B23K11/368Liquid contacts, e.g. mercury contacts B23K13/00Welding by high-frequency current heating B23K13/01by induction heating B23K13/015Butt welding B23K13/02Seam welding B23K13/025for tubes B23K13/04by conduction heating B23K13/02 takes precedence B23K13/043Seam welding B23K13/046for tubes B23K13/06characterised by the shielding of the welding zone against influence of the surrounding atmosphere selection of media B23K35/38 B23K13/08Electric supply or control circuits therefor B23K15/00Other welding or cuttingWorking by laser beam B23K15/00Electron-beam welding or cutting electron- or ion- beam tubes H01J37/00 B23K15/0006specially adapted for particular articles B23K15/0013Positioning or observing workpieces, e.g. with respect to the impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing electronbeams B23K15/002Devices involving relative movement between electronbeam and workpiece B23K15/0026Auxiliary equipment B23K15/0033Preliminary treatment B23K15/004Tandem beams or torches, i.e. working simultaneously with several beams or torches B23K15/0046Welding B23K15/0053Seam welding B23K15/006of rectilinear seams B23K15/0066with backing means disposed under the seams B23K15/0073with interposition of particular material to facilitate connecting the parts, e.g. using a filler B23K15/008Spot welding B23K15/0086welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding B23K15/0093characterised by the properties of the materials to be welded B23K15/02Control circuits therefor B23K15/04for welding annular seams B23K15/06within a vacuum chamber B23K15/04 takes precedence B23K15/08Removing material, e.g. by cutting, by hole drilling B23K15/085Boring B23K15/10Non-vacuum electron beam-welding or cutting B23K17/00Use of the energy of nuclear particles in welding or related techniques B23K20/00Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating B23K20/001by extrusion or drawing B23K20/002specially adapted for particular articles or work B23K20/129 takes precedence B23K20/004Wire welding B23K20/005Capillary welding B23K20/007Ball bonding B23K20/008pressure combined with radiant energy B23K20/02by means of a press ; Diffusion bonding B23K20/001, B23K20/04 take precedence B23K20/021Isostatic pressure welding B23K20/023Thermo-compression bonding B23K20/025Bonding tips therefor B23K20/026with diffusion of soldering material B23K20/028Butt welding B23K20/04by means of a rolling mill B23K20/06by means of high energy impulses, e.g. magnetic energy B23K20/08Explosive welding B23K20/085for tubes, e.g. plugging B23K20/10making use of vibrations, e.g. ultrasonic welding B23K20/103using a roller B23K20/106Features related to sonotrodes B23K20/12the heat being generated by frictionFriction welding B23K20/1205using translation movement B23K20/121Control circuits therefor B23K20/1215for other purposes than joining, e.g. built-up welding B23K20/122using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding B23K20/1225Particular aspects of welding with a non-consumable tool B23K20/123Controlling or monitoring the welding process B23K20/1235with temperature control during joining B23K20/124at the beginning or at the end of a weld B23K20/1245characterised by the apparatus B23K20/125Rotary tool drive mechanism B23K20/1255Tools therefor, e.g. characterised by the shape of the probe B23K20/126Workpiece support, i.e. backing or clamping B23K20/1265Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds B23K20/127friction stir welding involving a mechanical connection forged connections B21K25/005; riveted connections B21J15/027 B23K20/1275involving metallurgical change B23K20/128making use of additional material B23K20/1285Portable friction welding machines B23K20/129specially adapted for particular articles or workpieces B23K20/1295Welding studs B23K20/14Preventing or minimising gas access, or using protective gases or vacuum during welding formed by material interposed between workpieces B23K20/18 B23K20/16with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts, e.g. material for absorbing or producing gas B23K20/165involving an exothermic reaction of the interposed material B23K20/18Zonal welding by interposing weld-preventing substances between zones not to be welded B23K20/20Special methods allowing subsequent separation, e.g. of metals of high quality from scrap material B23K20/22taking account of the properties of the materials to be welded B23K20/227with ferrous layer B23K20/2275the other layer being aluminium B23K20/233without ferrous layer B23K20/2333one layer being aluminium, magnesium or beryllium B23K20/2336both layers being aluminium B23K20/24Preliminary treatment B23K20/26Auxiliary equipment B23K23/00Alumino-thermic welding B23K25/00Slag welding, i.e. using a heated layer or mass of powder, slag, or the like in contact with the material to be joined B23K23/00 takes precedence; submerged-arc welding B23K9/18 B23K25/005Welding for purposes other than joining, e.g. built-up welding B23K26/00Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boringThis subclass covers: laser working for making a weakened layer, with or without removing material;laser shock processing;apparatus for laser surface treatment;laser ablation.This subclass does not cover: laser assisted deposition which is covered by subclass C23C;laser sintering which is covered by group B22F3/105 for metallic powder, by group B29C67/04 for plastics, by group C03B19/06 for glass or by group C04B35/64 for ceramics;laser assisted chemical etching which is covered by group C23F1/00. B23K26/0006taking account of the properties of the material involved B23K26/32, B23K26/40 take precedence B23K26/009using a non-absorbing, e.g. transparent, reflective or refractive, layer on the workpiece using a mask on the workpiece B23K26/066 B23K26/0093combined with mechanical machining or metal-working covered by other subclasses than B23K combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus B23K28/02 B23K26/0096Portable laser equipment, e.g. hand-held laser apparatus surgical laser instruments A61B18/20, Dental Lasers A61C1/0046, Hand-held laser dental apparatus for curing resins A61C19/004 B23K26/02Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impactAligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam B23K26/03Observing, e.g. monitoring, the workpiece B23K26/032using optical means B23K26/034Observing the temperature of the workpiece B23K26/0342Observing magnetic fields related to the workpiece B23K26/0344Observing the speed of the workpiece B23K26/035Aligning the laser beam automatically B23K26/042 B23K26/037by pressing on the workpiece, e.g. pressing roller foot B23K26/04Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light B23K26/042Automatically aligning the laser beam B23K26/043along the beam path, i.e. alignment of laser beam axis relative to laser beam apparatus B23K26/044Seam tracking B23K26/046Automatically focusing the laser beam B23K26/048by controlling the distance between laser head and workpiece B23K26/06Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing B23K26/0604by a combination of beams B23K26/0608in the same heat affected zone [HAZ] B23K26/0613, B23K26/0619 take precedence B23K26/0613having a common axis B23K26/0619 takes precedence B23K26/0617and with spots spaced along the common axis B23K26/0619with spots located on opposed surfaces of the workpiece B23K26/062by direct control of the laser beam B23K26/0622by shaping pulses B23K26/0624using ultrashort pulses, i.e. pulses of 1ns or less B23K26/0626Energy control of the laser beam B23K26/0622 takes precedence B23K26/064by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms B23K26/0643comprising mirrors B23K26/0648comprising lenses B23K26/0652comprising prisms B23K26/066by using masks B23K26/0661disposed on the workpiece B23K26/0665by beam condensation on the workpiece, e.g. for focusing B23K26/067Dividing the beam into multiple beams, e.g. multifocusing B23K26/0673into independently operating sub-beams, e.g. beam multiplexing to provide laser beams for several stations B23K26/0676into dependently operating sub-beams, e.g. an array of spots with fixed spatial relationship or for performing simultaneously identical operations B23K26/073Shaping the laser spot B23K26/0732into a rectangular shape B23K26/0734into an annular shape B23K26/0736into an oval shape, e.g. elliptic shape B23K26/0738into a linear shape B23K26/08Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece B23K26/082Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head B23K26/0821using multifaceted mirrors, e.g. polygonal mirror B23K26/0823Devices involving rotation of the workpiece B23K26/083Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least one axial direction B23K26/0838by using an endless conveyor belt B23K26/0846for moving elongated workpieces longitudinally, e.g. wire or strip material B23K26/0853Devices involving movement of the workpiece in at least in two axial directions, e.g. in a plane B23K26/0861in at least in three axial directions B23K26/0869Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction B23K26/0876in at least two axial directions B23K26/0884in at least in three axial directions, e.g. manipulators, robots B23K26/0892Controlling the laser beam travel length B23K26/10using a fixed support , i.e. involving moving the laser beam B23K26/103the laser beam rotating around the fixed workpiece B23K26/28 takes precedence B23K26/106inside the workpiece B23K26/12in a special atmosphere, e.g. in an enclosure B23K26/122in a liquid, e.g. underwater B23K26/1224in vacuum B23K26/123in an atmosphere of particular gases B23K26/125of mixed gases B23K26/126in an atmosphere of gases chemically reacting with the workpiece B23K26/127in an enclosure B23K26/128Laser beam path enclosures B23K26/14using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beamNozzles therefor B23K26/12 takes precedence B23K26/142for the removal of by-products B23K26/1423the flow carrying an electric current B23K26/1435involving specially adapted flow control means B23K26/1436for pressure control B23K26/1437for flow rate control B23K26/1438for directional control B23K26/144the fluid stream containing particles, e.g. powder B23K26/146the fluid stream containing a liquid B23K26/1462Nozzles; Features related to nozzles B23K26/1464Supply to, or discharge from, nozzles of media, e.g. gas, powder, wire B23K26/147Features outside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream towards the workpiece B23K26/1476Features inside the nozzle for feeding the fluid stream through the nozzle B23K26/1482Detachable nozzles, e.g. exchangeable or provided with breakaway lines B23K26/1488Means for protecting nozzles, e.g. the tip surface by breakaway lines B23K26/1482 B23K26/1494Maintenance of nozzles B23K26/16Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece by a fluid stream B23K26/142 B23K26/18using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes B23K26/20Bonding soldering by means of radiant energy B23K1/005; joining of preformed plastics parts by heating using laser beam B29C65/16 B23K26/206Laser sealing B23K26/21by welding B23K26/211with interposition of special material to facilitate connection of the parts B23K26/22Spot welding B23K26/24Seam welding B23K26/242Fillet welding, i.e. involving a weld of substantially triangular cross section joining two parts B23K26/244Overlap seam welding B23K26/26of rectilinear seams B23K26/262of longitudinal seams of tubes B23K26/28of curved planar seams B23K26/282of tube sections B23K26/30of three-dimensional seams B23K26/302of helicoidal seams B23K26/32taking account of the properties of the material involved B23K26/322involving coated metal parts using absorbing layers on the workpiece B23K26/18 B23K26/323involving parts made of dissimilar metallic material B23K26/324involving non-metallic parts B23K26/34Laser welding for purposes other than joining B23K26/342Build-up welding B23K26/346in combination with welding or cutting covered by groups B23K5/00 - B23K25/00, e.g. in combination with resistance welding B23K26/348in combination with arc heating, e.g. TIG [tungsten inert gas], MIG [metal inert gas] or plasma welding laser beam for starting a welding or cutting arc B23K9/067 B23K26/351for trimming or tuning of electrical components B23K26/352for surface treatment B23K26/354by melting B23K26/355Texturing B23K26/356by shock processing B23K26/3568Modifying rugosity B23K26/3576Diminishing rugosity, e.g. grinding; Polishing; Smoothing B23K26/3584Increasing rugosity, e.g. roughening B23K26/359by providing a line or line pattern, e.g. a dotted break initiation line B23K26/36Removing material B23K26/55, B23K26/57 take precedence B23K26/361for deburring or mechanical trimming B23K26/351 takes precedence B23K26/362Laser etching B23K26/364for making a groove or trench, e.g. for scribing a break initiation groove B23K26/38by boring or cutting B23K26/382by boring B23K26/384of specially shaped holes B23K26/386of blind holes B23K26/388Trepanning, i.e. boring by moving the beam spot about an axis B23K26/389of fluid openings, e.g. nozzles, jets laser machining of inkjet nozzles B41J2/1634 B23K26/40taking account of the properties of the material involved B23K26/402involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators B23K26/50Working by transmitting the laser beam through or within the workpiece B23K26/53for modifying or reforming the material inside the workpiece, e.g. for producing break initiation cracks B23K26/55for creating voids inside the workpiece, e.g. for forming flow passages or flow patterns B23K26/57the laser beam entering a face of the workpiece from which it is transmitted through the workpiece material to work on a different workpiece face, e.g. for effecting removal, fusion splicing, modifying or reforming B23K26/60Preliminary treatment B23K26/70Auxiliary operations or equipment B23K26/702Auxiliary equipment B23K26/703Cooling arrangements by using a fluid stream B23K26/14 B23K26/704Beam dispersers, e.g. beam wells B23K26/705Beam measuring device B23K26/706Protective screens B23K26/707for monitoring laser beam transmission optics B23K28/00Welding or cutting not covered by any of the preceding groups, e.g. electrolytic welding B23K28/003Welding in a furnace B23K28/006Welding metals by means of an electrolyte working metal, e.g. cutting, by means of an electrolyte B23H B23K28/02Combined welding or cutting procedures or apparatus B23K31/00Processes relevant to this subclass, specially adapted for particular articles or purposes, but not covered by only one of the preceding main groups making tubes or profiled bars involving operations other than soldering or welding B21C37/04, B21C37/08 B23K31/003relating to controlling of welding distortion B23K31/006relating to using of neural networks B23K31/02relating to soldering or welding dip or wave soldering in the manufacture of printed circuits H05K3/34 B23K31/022Making profiled bars with soldered or welded seams B23K31/025Connecting cutting edges or the like to tools; Attaching reinforcements to workpieces, e.g. wear-resisting zones to tableware B23K31/027Making tubes with soldering or welding B23K31/10relating to cutting or desurfacing B23K31/12relating to investigating the properties, e.g. the weldability, of materials B23K31/125Weld quality monitoring B23K33/00Specially-profiled edge portions of workpieces for making soldering or welding connectionsFilling the seams formed thereby B23K11/14 takes precedence B23K33/002Crimping or bending the workpieces at the joining area B23K33/004Filling of continuous seams B23K33/006for cylindrical workpieces B23K33/008for automotive applications B23K35/00Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting B23K35/001Interlayers, transition pieces for metallurgical bonding of workpieces B23K35/002at least one of the workpieces being of light metal B23K35/004at least one of the workpieces being of a metal of the iron group B23K35/005at least one of the workpieces being of a refractory metal B23K35/007at least one of the workpieces being of copper or another noble metal B23K2035/008at least one of the workpieces being of silicium B23K35/02characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape B23K35/0205Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes B23K35/0211for use in cutting B23K35/0205 takes precedence B23K35/0216Rods, electrodes, wires B23K35/0222for use in soldering, brazing B23K35/0205 takes precedence B23K35/0227Rods, wires B23K35/0244 takes precedence B23K35/0233Sheets, foils B23K35/0244 takes precedence B23K35/0238layered B23K35/0244Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom B23K35/025Pastes, creams, slurries B23K35/0255for use in welding B23K35/0205 takes precedence B23K35/0261Rods, electrodes, wires B23K35/0266flux-cored B23K35/0272with more than one layer of coating or sheathing material B23K35/0277of non-circular cross-section B23K35/0283multi-cored; multiple B23K35/0288Welding studs B23K35/0294Consumable guides B23K35/22characterised by the composition or nature of the material B23K35/222Non-consumable electrodes B23K35/224Anti-weld compositions; Braze stop-off compositions B23K35/226Non-corrosive coatings; Primers applied before welding B23K35/228Selection of materials for cutting B23K35/24Selection of soldering or welding materials proper B23K35/34 takes precedence B23K35/26with the principal constituent melting at less than 400 degrees C B23K35/262Sn as the principal constituent B23K35/264Bi as the principal constituent B23K35/266Cd as the principal constituent B23K35/268Pb as the principal constituent B23K35/28with the principal constituent melting at less than 950 degrees C B23K35/282Zn as the principal constituent B23K35/284Mg as the principal constituent B23K35/286Al as the principal constituent B23K35/288with Sn or Zn B23K35/30with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C B23K35/3006Ag as the principal constituent B23K35/3013Au as the principal constituent B23K35/302Cu as the principal constituent B23K35/3026Mn as the principal constituent B23K35/3033Ni as the principal constituent B23K35/304with Cr as the next major constituent B23K35/3046Co as the principal constituent B23K35/3053Fe as the principal constituent B23K35/306with C as next major constituent, e.g. cast iron B23K35/3066with Ni as next major constituent B23K35/3073with Mn as next major constituent B23K35/308with Cr as next major constituent B23K35/3086containing Ni or Mn B23K35/3093with other elements as next major constituents B23K35/32with the principal constituent melting at more than 1550 degrees C B23K35/322a Pt-group metal as principal constituent B23K35/325Ti as the principal constituent B23K35/327comprising refractory compounds, e.g. carbides B23K35/34comprising compounds which yield metals when heated B23K35/36Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings, fluxes B23K35/34 takes precedenceSelection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest selection of soldering or welding materials proper B23K35/24 B23K35/3601with inorganic compounds as principal constituents B23K35/3602Carbonates, basic oxides or hydroxides B23K35/3603Halide salts B23K35/3605Fluorides B23K35/3606Borates or B-oxides B23K35/3607Silica or silicates B23K35/3608Titania or titanates B23K35/361Alumina or aluminates B23K35/3611Phosphates B23K35/3612with organic compounds as principal constituents B23K35/3613Polymers, e.g. resins B23K35/3615N-compounds B23K35/3616Halogen compounds B23K35/3617B-compounds B23K35/3618Carboxylic acids or salts B23K35/362Selection of compositions of fluxes B23K35/365, B23K35/368 take precedence B23K35/365Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials B23K35/368Selection of non-metallic compositions of core materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials B23K35/38Selection of media, e.g. special atmospheres for surrounding the working area B23K35/383mainly containing noble gases or nitrogen B23K35/386for condensation soldering B23K35/40Making wire or rods for soldering or welding processes involving a single technical art, see the relevant subclasses, e.g. B05D, B21C B23K35/402Non-consumable electrodes; C-electrodes B23K35/404Coated rods; Coated electrodes B23K35/406Filled tubular wire or rods B23K35/402 takes precedence B23K2035/408with welded longitudinal seam B23K37/00Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups eye-shields for welders worn on the operator's body or carried in the hand A61F9/00 , i.e. A61F9/02; applicable to metal-working machines other than soldering, welding, or flame-cutting machines B23Q; laser protective screens B23K26/706; protective shields for other welding methods F16P1/06 B23K37/003Cooling means B23K37/006Safety devices B23K37/02Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element B23K37/0205guided by hand B23K37/0211travelling on a guide member, e.g. rail, track B23K37/0217the guide member being fixed to the workpiece B23K37/0223the guide member being a part of the workpiece B23K37/0229the guide member being situated alongside the workpiece B23K37/0235the guide member forming part of a portal B23K37/0241Attachments between the welding or cutting element and the carriage B23K37/0247Driving means B23K37/0252Steering means B23K37/0258Electric supply or control circuits therefor B23K37/0264magnetically attached to the workpiece B23K37/027for making circular cuts or welds B23K37/0276for working on or in tubes B23K37/0211 takes precedence B23K37/0282Carriages forming part of a welding unit B23K37/0288Carriages forming part of a cutting unit B23K37/0294Transport carriages or vehicles B23K37/04for holding or positioning work B23K37/0408for planar work B23K37/0417for spherical work B23K37/0426Fixtures for other work B23K37/0435Clamps B23K37/0443Jigs B23K37/0452Orientable fixtures B23K37/0461 takes precedence B23K37/0461Welding tables B23K37/047moving work to adjust its position between soldering, welding or cutting steps B23K37/053 takes precedence B23K37/053aligning cylindrical workClamping devices therefor B23K37/0531internal pipe alignment clamps B23K37/0533external pipe alignment clamps B23K37/0535longitudinal pipe seam alignment clamps B23K37/0536for maintaining flanges on tubes B23K37/0538for rotating tubes, e.g. rollers B23K37/06for positioning the molten material, e.g. confining it to a desired area B23K37/08for flash removal B23K2101/00Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting B23K2101/001Turbines B23K2101/002Drill-bits B23K2101/003Pistons B23K2101/005Camshafts B23K2101/006Vehicles B23K2101/007Marks, e.g. trade marks B23K2101/008Gears B23K2101/02Honeycomb structures B23K2101/04Tubular or hollow articles B23K2101/045Hollow panels B23K2101/06Tubes B23K2101/08finned or ribbed B23K2101/10Pipe-lines B23K2101/12Vessels B23K2101/125Cans B23K2101/14Heat exchangers B23K2101/16Bands or sheets of indefinite length B23K2101/18Sheet panels B23K2101/185Tailored blanks B23K2101/20Tools B23K2101/22Nets, wire fabrics or the like B23K2101/24Frameworks B23K2101/26Railway- or like rails B23K2101/28Beams B23K2101/30Chains, hoops or rings B23K2101/32Wires B23K2101/34Coated articles , e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles B23K2101/35Surface treated articles B23K2101/36Electric or electronic devices B23K2101/38Conductors B23K2101/40Semiconductor devices B23K2101/42Printed circuits B23K2103/00Materials to be soldered, welded or cut B23K2103/02Iron or ferrous alloys B23K2103/04Steel or steel alloys B23K2103/05Stainless steel B23K2103/06Cast-iron alloys B23K2103/08Non-ferrous metals or alloys B23K2103/10Aluminium or alloys thereof B23K2103/12Copper or alloys thereof B23K2103/14Titanium or alloys thereof B23K2103/15Magnesium or alloys thereof B23K2103/16Composite materials , e.g. fibre reinforced B23K2103/166Multilayered materials B23K2103/172wherein at least one of the layers is non-metallic B23K2103/18Dissimilar materials B23K2103/20Ferrous alloys and aluminium or alloys thereof B23K2103/22Ferrous alloys and copper or alloys thereof B23K2103/24Ferrous alloys and titanium or alloys thereof B23K2103/26Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium B23K2103/30Organic material B23K2103/32Material from living organisms, e.g. skins B23K2103/34Leather B23K2103/36Wood or similar materials B23K2103/38Fabrics, fibrous materials B23K2103/40Paper B23K2103/42Plastics B23K2103/16 takes precedence B23K2103/50Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26 B23K2103/52Ceramics B23K2103/54Glass B23K2103/56semiconducting semiconducting devices B23K2101/40