F01LCYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINESGroups F01L1/00 - F01L13/00 cover only valve-gear or valve arrangements without provision for variable fluid distribution.Valve gear or valve arrangements specially adapted for steam engines are covered by groups F01L15/00 - F01L35/00.Valve-gear arrangements specially adapted for machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution are covered by groups F01L15/00 - F01L35/00.Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class F01, especially Note (3).As regards the above-mentioned Note (3), attention is drawn to F01B3/10, F01B15/06, F01C21/18, F02B53/06, F03C1/08, F04B1/18, F04B7/00, F04B39/08, F04B39/10, and F04C15/06, F04C29/12. The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: F01L31/20 covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18 F01L31/22 covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18 F01L31/24 covered by F01L31/08 - F01L31/18 F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements for positive-displacement machines or engines other than steam engines, e.g. for internal-combustion piston engines, without provision for variable fluid distribution F01L1/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear lift-valve and valve-seat assemblies per se F01L3/00; slide-valve gear F01L5/00; actuated non-mechanically F01L9/00; valve arrangements in working piston or piston rod F01L11/00; modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations F01L13/00 F01L1/02Valve drive transmitting-gear between valve drive and valve F01L1/12 F01L1/022Chain drive F01L1/024Belt drive F01L1/026Gear drive F01L2001/028Pre-assembled timing arrangement, e.g. located in a cassette F01L1/04by means of cams, camshafts, cam discs, eccentrics or the like F01L1/10 takes precedence F01L1/042Cam discs F01L1/044Reciprocating camsGroup F01L1/044 is impacted by reclassification into group F01L1/10.
Groups F01L1/044 and F01L1/10 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. F01L1/047Camshafts F01L2001/0471Assembled camshafts F01L2001/0473Composite camshafts, e.g. with cams or cam sleeve being able to move relative to the inner camshaft or a cam adjusting rod F01L2001/0475Hollow camshafts F01L2001/0476Camshaft bearings F01L2001/0478Torque pulse compensated camshafts F01L1/053overhead type F01L1/0532the cams being directly in contact with the driven valve F01L2001/0535Single overhead camshafts [SOHC] F01L2001/0537Double overhead camshafts [DOHC] F01L2001/054Camshafts in cylinder block F01L1/06the cams, or the like, rotating at a higher speed than that corresponding to the valve cycle, e.g. operating fourstroke engine valves directly from crankshaft F01L1/08Shape of cams F01L1/10by means of crank-or eccentric-driven rodsGroup F01L1/10 is incomplete pending reclassification of documents from group F01L1/044.
Groups F01L1/044 and F01L1/10 should be considered in order to perform a complete search. F01L1/12Transmitting gear between valve drive and valve simultaneously operating two or more valves F01L1/26 F01L1/14Tappets hydraulic tappets for automatically adjusting or compensating clearance F01L1/24Push rods F01L1/143for use with overhead camshafts F01L1/146Push-rods F01L1/16Silencing impactReducing wear F01L1/18Rocking arms or levers F01L1/181Centre pivot rocking arms F01L1/182the rocking arm being pivoted about an individual fulcrum, i.e. not about a common shaft F01L1/183of the boat type F01L1/185Overhead end-pivot rocking arms F01L2001/186Split rocking arms, e.g. rocker arms having two articulated parts and means for varying the relative position of these parts or for selectively connecting the parts to move in unison F01L2001/187Clips, e.g. for retaining rocker arm on pivot F01L2001/188Fulcrums at upper surface F01L1/20Adjusting or compensating clearance F01L1/205by means of shims or the like F01L1/22automatically, e.g. mechanically F01L1/24by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically F01L1/2405by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the cylinder head and rocker arm F01L1/2411by means of a hydraulic adjusting device located between the valve stem and rocker arm F01L1/2416by means of a hydraulic adjusting device attached to an articulated rocker F01L1/2422by means or a hydraulic adjusting device located between the push rod and rocker arm F01L2001/2427by means of an hydraulic adjusting device located between cam and push rod F01L2001/2433Self contained, e.g. sealed hydraulic lash adjusters F01L2001/2438with means permitting forced opening of check valve F01L2001/2444Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit, e.g. lifter oil manifold assembly [LOMA] F01L1/245Hydraulic tappets F01L1/25between cam and valve stem F01L1/252for side-valve engines F01L1/255between cam and rocker arm F01L2001/256between cam and push rod F01L1/26characterised by the provision of two or more valves operated simultaneously by same transmitting-gearpeculiar to machines or engines with more than two lift-valves per cylinder with coaxial valves F01L1/28 F01L1/262with valve stems disposed radially from a centre which is substantially the centre of curvature of the upper wall surface of a combustion chamber F01L1/265 takes precedence F01L1/265peculiar to machines or engines with three or more intake valves per cylinder F01L1/267with means for varying the timing or the lift of the valves F01L1/28characterised by the provision of coaxial valvescharacterised by the provision of valves co-operating with both intake and exhaust ports F01L1/285Coaxial intake and exhaust valves F01L1/30characterised by the provision of positively opened and closed valves, i.e. desmodromic valves F01L1/32characterised by the provision of means for rotating lift valves, e.g. to diminish wear F01L1/34characterised by the provision of means for changing the timing of the valves without changing the duration of opening and without affecting the magnitude of the valve lift F01L1/344changing the angular relationship between crankshaft and camshaft, e.g. using helicoidal gear F01L1/34403using helically teethed sleeve or gear moving axially between crankshaft and camshaft F01L1/34406the helically teethed sleeve being located in the camshaft driving pulley F01L1/34409by torque-responsive means F01L1/34413using composite camshafts, e.g. with cams being able to move relative to the camshaft F01L1/34416using twisted cams F01L1/3442using hydraulic chambers with variable volume to transmit the rotating force F01L2001/34423Details relating to the hydraulic feeding circuit F01L2001/34426Oil control valves F01L2001/3443Solenoid driven oil control valves F01L2001/34433Location oil control valves F01L2001/34436Features or method for avoiding malfunction due to foreign matters in oil F01L2001/3444Oil filters F01L2001/34443Cleaning control of oil control valves F01L2001/34446Fluid accumulators for the feeding circuit F01L2001/3445Details relating to the hydraulic means for changing the angular relationship F01L2001/34453Locking means between driving and driven members F01L2001/34456Locking in only one position F01L2001/34459Locking in multiple positions F01L2001/34463Locking position intermediate between most retarded and most advanced positions F01L2001/34466with multiple locking devices F01L2001/34469Lock movement parallel to camshaft axis F01L2001/34473Lock movement perpendicular to camshaft axis F01L2001/34476Restrict range locking means F01L2001/34479Sealing of phaser devices F01L2001/34483Phaser return springs F01L2001/34486Location and number of the means for changing the angular relationship F01L2001/34489Two phasers on one camshaft F01L2001/34493Dual independent phasing system [DIPS] F01L2001/34496Two phasers on different camshafts F01L1/348by means acting on timing belts or chains F01L1/352using bevel or epicyclic gear F01L2001/3521Harmonic drive of flexspline type F01L2001/3522with electromagnetic brake F01L1/356making the angular relationship oscillate , e.g. non-homokinetic drive F01L1/36peculiar to machines or engines of specific type other than four-stroke cycle F01L1/38for engines with other than four-stroke cycle, e.g. with two-stroke cycle F01L1/26, F01L1/28 take precedence F01L1/40for engines with scavenging charge near top dead centre position, e.g. by overlapping inlet and exhaust time F01L1/42for machines or engines characterised by cylinder arrangements, e.g. star or fan F01L1/44Multiple-valve gear or arrangements, not provided for in preceding subgroups, e.g. with lift and different valves F01L1/443comprising a lift valve and at least one rotary valve F01L1/446comprising a lift valve and at least one reed valve F01L1/46Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups F01L1/462Valve return spring arrangements F01L1/465Pneumatic arrangements F01L2001/467Lost motion springs F01L3/00Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing facesParts or accessories thereof F01L3/02Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seatsValve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials F01L3/04Coated valve members or valve-seats F01L3/06Valve members or valve-seats with means for guiding or deflecting the medium controlled thereby, e.g. producing a rotary motion of the drawn-in cylinder charge for rotating lift-valves F01L1/32 F01L3/08Valves guidesSealing of valve stem, e.g. sealing by lubricant F01L3/085Valve cages F01L3/10Connecting springs to valve members F01L2003/11Connecting valve members to rocker arm or tappet F01L3/12Cooling of valves F01L3/14by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve F01L3/16by means of a fluid flowing through or along valve, e.g. air F01L3/18Liquid cooling of valve F01L3/20Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group F01L3/205Reed valves F01L3/22Valve-seats not provided for in preceding subgroups of this groupFixing of valve-seats F01L3/24Safety means or accessories, not provided for in preceding sub- groups of this group F01L2003/25Valve configurations in relation to engine F01L2003/251Large number of valves, e.g. five or more F01L2003/253configured parallel to piston axis F01L2003/255configured other than parallel or symmetrical relative to piston axis F01L2003/256configured other than perpendicular to camshaft axis F01L2003/258opening away from cylinder F01L5/00Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with pure rotary or oscillatory movement F01L7/00 F01L5/02with other than cylindrical, sleeve or part annularly shaped valves, e.g. with flat-type valves F01L5/04with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves F01L5/045Piston-type or cylinder-type valves arranged above the piston and coaxial with the cylinder axis F01L5/06surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L5/08Arrangements with several movements or several valves, e.g. one valve inside the other with part-annularly shaped valves F01L5/12 F01L5/10with reciprocating and other movements of the same valve F01L5/12Arrangements with part-annularly-shaped valves F01L5/14characterised by the provision of valves with reciprocating and other movements surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L5/06 F01L5/16with reciprocating and other movement of same valve, e.g. longitudinally of working cylinder and in cross direction F01L5/18with reciprocatory valve and other slide valve F01L5/20specially for two-stroke engines F01L5/06, F01L5/14 take precedence F01L5/22Multiple-valve arrangements with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L5/08; with reciprocatory and other slide valves F01L5/18; specially for two-stroke engines F01L5/20 F01L5/24Component parts, details or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups in this group F01L7/00Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements slide valves with combined rotary and non-rotary movements, combinations of rotary and non-rotary slide valves F01L5/00 F01L7/02with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves of disc type F01L7/06; of conical type F01L7/08 F01L7/021with one rotary valve F01L7/022Cylindrical valves having one recess communicating successively with aligned inlet and exhaust ports F01L7/023Cylindrical valves having a hollow or partly hollow body allowing axial inlet or exhaust fluid circulation F01L7/024Cylindrical valves comprising radial inlet and axial outlet or axial inlet and radial outlet F01L7/025Cylindrical valves comprising radial inlet and side outlet or side inlet and radial outlet F01L7/026with two or more rotary valves, their rotational axes being parallel, e.g. 4-stroke F01L7/027with two or more valves arranged coaxially F01L7/045 takes precedence F01L7/028having the rotational axis coaxial with the cylinder axis and the valve surface not surrounding piston or cylinder F01L7/029having the rotational axis of the valve parallel to the cylinder axis F01L7/04surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L7/045with two or more valves arranged coaxially F01L7/06with disc type valves F01L7/08with conically or frusto-conically shaped valves F01L7/10with valves of other specific shape, e.g. spherical F01L7/12specially for two-stroke engines F01L7/04 takes precedence F01L7/14Multiple-valve arrangements with valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L7/04; specially for two-stroke engines F01L7/12 F01L7/16Sealing or packing arrangements specially therefor F01L7/18Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group F01L9/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically F01L9/10 by fluid means, e.g. hydraulic F01L9/11in which the action of a cam is being transmitted to a valve by a liquid column F01L9/12with a liquid chamber between a piston actuated by a cam and a piston acting on a valve stem F01L9/14the volume of the chamber being variable, e.g. for varying the lift or the timing of a valve F01L9/16Pneumatic means F01L9/18Means for increasing the initial opening force on the valve F01L9/20by electric means F01L9/21actuated by solenoids F01L2009/2103comprising one coil F01L2009/2105comprising two or more coils F01L2009/2107being disposed coaxially to the armature shaft F01L2009/2109The armature being articulated perpendicularly to the coils axes F01L2009/2115Moving coil actuators F01L2009/2117Floating actuators for varying the valve stroke F01L2009/2125Shaft and armature construction F01L2009/2126Arrangements for amplifying the armature stroke F01L2009/2128Core and coil construction F01L2009/213Casing construction F01L2009/2132Biasing means F01L2009/2134Helical springs F01L2009/2136Two opposed springs for intermediate resting position of the armature F01L2009/2138Torsion springs F01L2009/214Pneumatic springs F01L2009/2142Means for varying the spring bias F01L2009/2144Means for connecting springs to valve or anchor F01L2009/2146Latching means F01L2009/2148using permanent magnet F01L2009/2149Means for varying the air gap F01L2009/2151Damping means F01L2009/2153Means for counteracting cylinder pressure F01L2009/2155Lash adjusting means F01L2009/2157Actuator cooling means F01L2009/2159Means for facilitating assembly F01L2009/2161Wiring F01L2009/2163Connectors F01L2009/2165Harnesses F01L2009/2167Sensing means F01L2009/2169Position sensors F01L2009/2171Vibration sensors F01L2009/2173Temperature sensors F01L2009/2174Flux sensors F01L2009/2176Spring force sensors F01L9/22actuated by rotary motors F01L9/24Piezo-electric actuators F01L2009/25Mixed arrangement with both mechanically and electromagnetically actuated valves F01L9/26Driving circuits therefor F01L9/30Arrangements for setting the actuator position, e.g. the initial position F01L9/40Methods of operation thereofControl of valve actuation, e.g. duration or lift F01L2009/408Engine starting F01L2009/4082in normal conditions F01L2009/4084Cold start F01L2009/4086Soft landing, e.g. applying braking current; Levitation of armature close to core surface F01L2009/4088Fail safe, e.g. valve kept closed if not opening properly F01L2009/409Determination of valve speed F01L2009/4092Determination of valve timing during particular working conditions, e.g. deceleration F01L2009/4094Engine stopping; Engine stall F01L2009/4096relating to sticking duration F01L2009/4098relating to gap between armature shaft and valve stem end F01L11/00Valve arrangements in working piston or piston-rod F01L11/02in piston F01L11/04operated by movement of connecting-rod F01L11/06operating oscillatory valve F01L13/00Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations F01L13/0005Deactivating valves F01L2013/001Deactivating cylinders F01L13/0015for optimising engine performances by modifying valve lift according to various working parameters, e.g. rotational speed, load, torque F01L13/0021by modification of rocker arm ratio F01L13/0026by means of an eccentric F01L13/0031by modification of tappet or pushrod length F01L13/0036the valves being driven by two or more cams with different shape, size or timing or a single cam profiled in axial and radial direction F01L13/0042with cams being profiled in axial and radial direction F01L13/0047the movement of the valves resulting from the sum of the simultaneous actions of at least two cams, the cams being independently variable in phase in respect of each other F01L2013/0052with cams provided on an axially slidable sleeve F01L13/0057by splittable or deformable cams F01L13/0063by modification of cam contact point by displacing an intermediate lever or wedge-shaped intermediate element, e.g. Tourtelot F01L2013/0068with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "BMW-Valvetronic" type F01L2013/0073with an oscillating cam acting on the valve of the "Delphi" type F01L2013/0078by modification of cam contact point by axially displacing the camshaft F01L2013/0084by modification of cam contact point by radially displacing the camshaft F01L2013/0089with means for delaying valve closing F01L2013/0094with switchable clamp for keeping valve open F01L13/02for reversing F01L13/04for starting by means of fluid pressure F01L13/06for braking F01L13/065Compression release engine retarders of the "Jacobs Manufacturing" type F01L13/08for decompression, e.g. during startingfor changing compression ratio F01L13/085the valve-gear having an auxiliary cam protruding from the main cam profile F01L2013/10Auxiliary actuators for variable valve timing F01L2013/101Electromagnets F01L2013/103Electric motors F01L2013/105Hydraulic motors F01L2013/106Pneumatic motors F01L2013/108Centrifugal force F01L2013/11Sensors for variable valve timing F01L2013/111Camshafts position or phase F01L2013/113crankshafts position F01L2013/115Pressure F01L2013/116Temperature F01L2013/118Valve lift F01L15/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements specially adapted for steam engines, or specially adapted for other positive-displacement machines or engines with variable working-fluid distributionGroups F01L15/00 - F01L31/00 cover:valve drive or means external to valves for adjustment during operation;tripping-gear;reversing-gear;use of pistons or piston-rods as valves or as valve-supporting elements;valve-gear or valve arrangements peculiar to free-piston machines or engines.Groups F01L15/00 - F01L31/00 do not fully cover subject matter restricted to rotary, oscillatory, or lift-valve gear or valve arrangements, which is covered by group F01L33/00 or F01L35/00. F01L15/00Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. with reciprocatory slide valves, other than provided for in groups F01L17/00 - F01L29/00 valve drive or external valve-adjustment during operation, tripping-gear or tripping of valves F01L31/00 F01L15/02with valves other than cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped, e.g. flat D-valves F01L15/04main valve being combined with auxiliary valve of drag valve type F01L15/10 F01L15/06of Meyer or Rider type, i.e. in which the expansion is varied at the expansion valve itself F01L15/08with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly-shaped valvesSuch main valves combined with auxiliary valves F01L15/10with main slide valve and auxiliary valve dragged thereby F01L15/12characterised by having means for effecting pressure equilibrium between two different cylinder spaces at idling F01L15/14Arrangements with several co-operating main valves, e.g. reciprocatory and rotary F01L15/16with reciprocatory slide valves only F01L15/18Valves arrangements not provided for in preceding subgroups of this main group F01L15/20Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this main group F01L17/00Slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part annularly-shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston F01L17/02Drive or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto, e.g. for reciprocating and oscillating movements or for several valves one inside the other F01L19/00Slide valve-gear or valve arrangements with reciprocatory and other movement of same valve, other than provided for in F01L17/00, e.g. longitudinally of working cylinder and in cross direction F01L19/02Drive or adjustment during operation, peculiar thereto F01L21/00Use of working pistons or pistons-rods as fluid-distributing valves or as valve-supporting elements, e.g. in free-piston machines F01L21/02Piston or piston-rod used as valve members F01L25/066 takes precedence F01L21/04Valves arranged in or on piston or piston-rod F01L23/00Valves controlled by impact by piston, e.g. in free-piston machines F01L25/00Drive, or adjustment during the operation, or distribution or expansion valves by non-mechanical means F01L25/02by fluid means F01L25/04by working-fluid of machine or engine, e.g. free-piston machine F01L25/06Arrangements with main and auxiliary valves, at least one of them being fluid-driven F01L25/063the auxiliary valve being actuated by the working motor-piston or piston-rod F01L25/066piston or piston-rod being used as auxiliary valve F01L25/08by electric or magnetic means F01L27/00Distribution or expansion valve-gear peculiar to free-piston machines or engines and not provided for in F01L21/00 - F01L25/00 F01L27/02the machine or engine having rotary or oscillatory valves F01L27/04Delayed-action controls, e.g. of cataract or dashpot type F01L29/00Reversing-gear F01L29/02by displacing eccentric F01L29/04by links or guide rods F01L29/06by interchanging inlet and exhaust ports F01L29/08specially for rotary or oscillatory valves F01L29/10Details, e.g. drive F01L29/12Powered reverse gear F01L31/00Valve drive, valve adjustment during operation, or other valve control, not provided for in groups F01L15/00 - F01L29/00 sensing elements measuring the variable or condition to be controlled or regulated F01B25/04 F01L31/02with tripping-gear for oscillatory valves F01L31/06Tripping of valves F01L31/04with positively-driven trip levers F01L31/06with tripping-gear specially for oscillatory valvesOscillatory tripping-valves, e.g. of Corliss type F01L31/08Valve drive or valve adjustment, apart from tripping aspectsPositively-driven gear F01L31/10the drive being effected by eccentrics F01L31/14 takes precedence F01L31/12Valve adjustment by displacing eccentric F01L31/14Valve adjustment by links or guide rods, e.g. in valve-gears with eccentric drive F01L31/16the drive being effected by specific means other than eccentric, e.g. camsValve adjustment in connection with such drives F01L31/18specially for rotary or oscillatory valves F01L33/00Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or lift-valve-gear or such valve arrangements specially for steam engines or specially for other machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution drive adjustment during operation, tripping-gear, reversing-gear, use of working pistons or piston-rods as valves or as valves-supporting elements, valve-gear or valve arrangements peculiar to free-piston machines or engines F01L15/00 - F01L31/00 F01L33/00Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements, specially adapted for machines or engines with variable fluid distribution drive, adjustment during operation, tripping-gear, reversing-gear, use of working pistons or piston-rods as valves or as valve-supporting elements, valve-gear or valve arrangements peculiar to free-piston machines or engines F01L15/00 - F01L31/00 F01L33/02rotary F01L33/04oscillatory F01L35/00Lift valve-gear or valve arrangements specially adapted for machines or engines with variable fluid distribution drive, adjustment during operation, tripping-gear, reversing-gear, use of working pistons or piston-rods as valves or as valve-supporting elements, valve-gear or valve arrangements peculiar to free-piston machines or engines F01L15/00 - F01L31/00 F01L35/02Valves F01L35/04Arrangements of valves in the machine or engine, e.g. relative to working cylinder F01L2201/00 F01L2201/00Electronic control systemsApparatus or methods therefor F01L2250/00Camshaft drives characterised by their transmission means F01L2250/02the camshaft being driven by chains F01L2250/04the camshaft being driven by belts F01L2250/06the camshaft being driven by gear wheels F01L2301/00Using particular materials F01L2301/02Using ceramic materials F01L2303/00Manufacturing of components used in valve arrangements F01L2303/01Tools for producing, mounting or adjusting, e.g. some part of the distribution F01L2303/02Initial camshaft settings F01L2305/00Valve arrangements comprising rollers F01L2305/02Mounting of rollers F01L2307/00Preventing the rotation of tappets F01L2309/00Self-contained lash adjusters F01L2311/00Differential gears located between crankshafts and camshafts for varying the timing of valves F01L2313/00Rotary valve drives F01L2710/00Control of valve gear, speed or power F01L2710/003Control of valve gear for two stroke engines F01L2710/006Safety devices therefor F01L2740/00Control of slide-valve gearControl pistons F01L2740/003more than one slide-valve, e.g. for four stroke engines F01L2740/006more than one slide-valve, e.g. for two stroke engines F01L2750/00Control of valve gear for four stroke engines directly driven by the crankshaft F01L2760/00Control of valve gear to facilitate reversing, starting, braking of four stroke engines F01L2760/001for starting four stroke engines F01L2760/002for reversing or starting four stroke engines F01L2760/003for switching to compressor action in order to brake F01L2760/004whereby braking is exclusively produced by compression in the cylinders F01L2760/005in cooperation with vehicle transmission or brakesdevices to facilitate switching to compressor action by means of other control devices, e.g. acceleration pedal or clutch F01L2760/006for reversing two stroke engines F01L2760/007for starting two stroke engines F01L2760/008for reversing and restarting two stroke engines F01L2800/00Methods of operation using a variable valve timing mechanism F01L2800/01Starting F01L2800/02Cold running F01L2800/03StoppingStalling F01L2800/04Timing control at idling F01L2800/05Timing control under consideration of oil condition F01L2800/06Timing or lift different for valves of same cylinder F01L2800/08Timing or lift different for valves of different cylinders F01L2800/09Calibrating F01L2800/10Providing exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] F01L2800/11Fault detection, diagnosis F01L2800/12Fail safe operation F01L2800/13Throttleless F01L2800/14Determining a position, e.g. phase or lift F01L2800/15Balancing of rotating parts F01L2800/16Preventing interference F01L2800/17MaintenanceServicing F01L2800/18Testing or simulation F01L2800/19Valves opening several times per stroke F01L2810/00Arrangements solving specific problems in relation with valve gears F01L2810/01Cooling F01L2810/02Lubrication F01L2810/03Reducing vibration F01L2810/04Reducing noise F01L2810/05Related to pressure difference on both sides of a valve F01L2820/00Details on specific features characterising valve gear arrangements F01L2820/01Absolute values F01L2820/02Formulas F01L2820/03Auxiliary actuators F01L2820/031Electromagnets F01L2820/032Electric motors F01L2820/033Hydraulic engines F01L2820/034Pneumatic engines F01L2820/035Centrifugal forces F01L2820/04Sensors F01L2820/041Camshafts position or phase sensors F01L2820/042Crankshafts position F01L2820/043Pressure F01L2820/044Temperature F01L2820/045Valve lift