B21CMANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLINGAUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIALIn this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B21C1/00Metal drawing B21C1/00Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing B21C1/003Drawing materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special drawing methods or sequences B21C1/006using vibratory energy B21C1/02Drawing metal wire or like flexible metallic material by drawing machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by drums B21C1/04with two or more dies operating in series B21C1/06in which the material slips on the drums B21C1/08in which the material does not slip on the drums B21C1/10with accumulation of material between consecutively-arranged dies B21C1/12Regulating or controlling speed of drawing drums, e.g. to influence tensionDrivesStop or relief mechanisms B21C1/14Drums, e.g. capstansConnection of grippers theretoGrippers specially adapted for drawing machines or apparatus of the drum typeCouplings specially adapted for these drums B21C1/16Metal drawing by machines or apparatus in which the drawing action is effected by other means than drums, e.g. by a longitudinally-moved carriage pulling or pushing the work or stock for making metal sheets, bars, or tubes B21C1/18from stock of limited length B21C1/22 takes precedence B21C1/20from stock of essentially unlimited length B21C1/22 takes precedence B21C1/22specially adapted for making tubular articles bending sheet metal into tubular form by drawing B21D5/10 B21C1/24by means of mandrels B21C1/26Push-bench drawing B21C1/27CarriagesDrives B21C1/28CarriagesConnections of grippers theretoGrippers B21C1/30Drives, e.g. carriage-traversing mechanismsDriving elements, e.g. drawing chainsControlling the drive endlessly revolving chain systems for metal coiling: B21C47/3458 B21C1/305Linear motor pulling devices B21C1/32Feeding or discharging the material or mandrels B21C1/34Guiding or supporting the material or mandrels B21C3/00Profiling tools for metal drawingCombinations of dies and mandrels B21C3/02DiesSelection of material thereforCleaning thereof B21C3/025comprising diamond parts B21C3/04with non-adjustable section B21C3/08 takes precedence B21C3/06with adjustable section B21C3/08 takes precedence B21C3/08with section defined by rollers, balls, or the like B21C3/10with hydraulic forces acting immediately on work B21C3/12Die holdersRotating dies B21C3/14Die holders combined with devices for guiding the drawing material or combined with devices for cooling heating, or lubricating B21C3/16MandrelsMounting or adjusting same B21C3/18Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclassRepairing B21C5/00PointingPush-pointing B21C5/003of hollow material, e.g. tube B21C5/006of solid material, e.g. wire or profiles B21C9/00Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material B21C3/14 takes precedence B21C9/005Cold application of the lubricant when combined with heating steps B21C9/00 B21C9/02Selection of compositions therefor B21C19/00Devices for straightening wire or like work combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus B21C23/00Metal extruding B21C23/00Extruding metalImpact extrusion B21C23/001to improve the material properties, e.g. lateral extrusion B21C23/002Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences B21C23/004using vibratory energy B21C23/005Continuous extrusion starting from solid state material B21C23/008 takes precedence B21C23/007Hydrostatic extrusion B21C23/008Continuous extrusion B21C23/01starting from material of particular form or shape, e.g. mechanically pre-treated B21C23/22 takes precedence B21C23/02Making uncoated products B21C23/03by both direct and backward extrusion B21C23/035Making products of generally elongated shape B21C23/04by direct extrusion B21C23/06Making sheets B21C23/08Making wire, bars, tubes B21C23/085Making tubes B21C23/10 take precedence B21C23/10Making finned tubes B21C23/12Extruding bent tubes or rods B21C23/14Making other products B21C23/142Making profiles B21C23/145Interlocking profiles B21C23/147Making drill blanks making twist-drills B23P15/32 B21C23/16Making turbo blades or propellers B21C23/18by impact extrusion B21C23/183by forward extrusion B21C23/186by backward extrusion B21C23/20by backward extrusion B21C23/205Making products of generally elongated shape B21C23/21Presses specially adapted for extruding metal B21C23/211Press driving devices B21C23/212Details B21C23/217, B21C23/218 take precedence B21C23/214Devices for changing die or container B21C23/215Devices for positioning or centering press components, e.g. die or container B21C23/217Tube extrusion presses B21C23/218 takes precedence B21C23/218Indirect extrusion presses B21C23/22Making metal-coated productsMaking products from two or more metals B21C23/24Covering indefinite lengths of metal or non-metal material with a metal coating B21C23/26Applying metal coats to cables, e.g. to insulated electric cables B21C23/28on intermittently-operating extrusion presses B21C23/30on continuously-operating extrusion presses B21C23/32Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied B21C25/00Profiling tools for metal extruding B21C25/02Dies B21C25/025Selection of materials therefor B21C25/04Mandrels B21C25/06Press heads, dies, or mandrels for coating work B21C25/08Dies or mandrels with section variable during extruding, e.g. for making tapered workControlling variation B21C25/10Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass B21C26/00Rams or plungersDiscs therefor B21C27/00Containers for metal to be extruded B21C29/02 takes precedence B21C27/02for making coated work B21C27/04Venting metal-container chamber B21C29/00Cooling or heating work or parts of the extrusion press; Gas treatment of work B21C29/003Cooling or heating of work B21C29/006Gas treatment of work, e.g. to prevent oxidation or to create surface effects B21C29/02Cooling or heating of containers for metal to be extruded B21C29/04Cooling or heating of press heads, dies or mandrels B21C31/00Control devices, e.g. for regulating the pressing speed or temperature of metal B21C25/08 takes precedenceMeasuring devices, e.g. for temperature of metal, combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with extrusion presses B21C33/00Feeding extrusion presses with metal to be extruded ; Loading the dummy block B21C33/002Encapsulated billet manufacturing wires or fine wires B21C37/045, B21C37/047 B21C33/004Composite billet B21C33/006Consecutive billets, e.g. billet profiles allowing air expulsion or bonding of billets B21C33/008Scalping billets, e.g. for removing oxide layers prior or during extrusion B21C33/02the metal being in liquid form B21C35/00Removing work or waste from extruding pressesDrawing-off extruded work in connection with the extruding of bent tubes or rods B21C23/12Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels B21C35/02Removing or drawing-off work linear motor pulling devices B21C1/305 B21C35/023Work treatment directly following extrusion, e.g. further deformation or surface treatment B21C35/03 takes precedence; gas treatment B21C29/006 B21C35/026Removing sections from the extruded work, e.g. removing a strip to create an open profile B21C35/03Straightening the work B21C35/04Cutting-off or removing waste B21C35/06Cleaning dies, ducts, containers or mandrels B21C37/00Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided forManufacture of tubes of special shape B21C37/02of sheets B21C37/04of bars or wire wire-like electrical connectors in or for semiconductor devices H01L24/42 B21C37/042Manufacture of coated wire or bars B21C37/045Manufacture of wire or bars with particular section or properties B21C37/047of fine wires B21C37/06of tubes or metal hosesCombined procedures for making tubes, e.g. for making multi-wall tubes B21C37/065starting from a specific blank, e.g. tailored blank B21C37/08Making tubes with welded or soldered seams with helically arranged seams B21C37/122 B21C37/0803the tubes having a special shape, e.g. polygonal tubes B21C37/0807Tube treating or manipulating combined with, or specially adapted for use in connection with tube making machines, e.g. drawing-off devices, cutting-off B21C37/0811removing or treating the weld bead B21C37/0815without continuous longitudinal movement of the sheet during the bending operation B21C37/0818Manufacture of tubes by drawing of strip material through dies B21C37/0822Guiding or aligning the edges of the bent sheet B21C37/0826Preparing the edges of the metal sheet with the aim of having some effect on the weld B21C37/083Supply, or operations combined with supply, of strip material B21C37/087using rods or strips of soldering material B21C37/09of coated strip material ; Making multi-wall tubes B21C37/10Making tubes with riveted seams or with non-welded and non-soldered seams B21C37/101Making of the seams B21C37/102of coated strip material (making multi-wall tubes) B21C37/104the tubes having a special shape, e.g. polygonal tubes B21C37/105Supply, or operations combined with supply, of strip material B21C37/107Tube treating or manipulating combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with tube-making machines, e.g. drawing-off devices, cutting-off B21C37/108without continuous longitudinal movement of the sheet during the bending operation B21C37/12Making tubes or metal hoses with helically arranged seams B21C37/121with non-welded and non-soldered seams B21C37/122with welded or soldered seams B21C37/123of coated strip material; Making multi-wall tubes B21C37/124the tubes having a special shape, e.g. with corrugated wall, flexible tubes B21C37/125curved section, e.g. elbow B21C37/126Supply, or operations combined with supply, of strip material B21C37/127Tube treating or manipulating combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with tube making machines, e.g. drawing-off devices, cutting-off B21C37/128Control or regulating devices B21C37/14Making tubes from double flat material B21C37/15Making tubes of special shapeMaking tube fittings B21C37/0803, B21C37/104, B21C37/124, take precedence B21C37/151Making tubes with multiple passages B21C37/152Making rifle and gunbarrels B21C37/153Making tubes with inner- and/or outer guides B21C37/154Making multi-wall tubes B21C37/155Making tubes with non circular section B21C37/151, B21C37/154 take precedence B21C37/156Making tubes with wall irregularities B21C37/20, B21C37/22 take precedence B21C37/157Perforations B21C37/158Protrusions, e.g. dimples B21C37/16Making tubes with varying diameter in longitudinal direction B21C37/18conical tubes B21C37/185starting from sheet material B21C37/20Making helical or similar guides in or on tubes without removing material, e.g. by drawing same over mandrels, by pushing same through dies ; Making tubes with angled walls, ribbed tubes and tubes with decorated walls B21C37/202with guides parallel to the tube axis B21C37/205with annular guides B21C37/207with helical guides B21C37/22Making finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip or like material to tubes B21C37/225longitudinally-ribbed tubes B21C37/24annularly-ribbed tubes B21C37/26helically-ribbed tubes B21C37/28Making tube fittings for connecting pipes, e.g. U-pieces B21C37/283Making U-pieces B21C37/286 takes precedence B21C37/286starting from sheet material B21C37/29Making branched pieces, e.g. T-pieces B21C37/292Forming collars by drawing or pushing a rigid forming tool through an opening in the tube wall B21C37/294Forming collars by compressing a fluid or a yieldable or resilient mass in the tube B21C37/296Making branched pieces starting from strip material; Making branched tubes by securing a secondary tube in an opening in the undeformed wall of a principal tube B21C37/298Forming collars by flow-drilling flow drilling B21J5/066 B21C37/30Finishing tubes, e.g. sizing, burnishing B21C43/00Devices for cleaning metal products combined with or specially adapted for use with machines or apparatus provided for in this subclass B21C43/02combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with drawing or winding machines or apparatus B21C43/04Devices for de-scaling wire or like flexible work B21C45/00Auxiliary operation used in connection with metal working without essentially removing material B21C45/00Separating mandrels from work or vice versa B21C47/00Winding-up, coiling or winding-off metal wire, metal band or other flexible metal material characterised by features relevant to metal processing only coiling wire into particular forms B21F3/00 B21C47/003Regulation of tension or speed; Braking B21C47/006winding-up or winding-off several parallel metal bands B21C47/02Winding-up or coiling B21C47/04on or in reels or drums, without using a moving guide B21C47/045in rotating drums B21C47/06with loaded rollers, bolts, or equivalent means holding the material on the reel or drum B21C47/063with pressure rollers only B21C47/066with belt wrappers only B21C47/08without making use of a reel or drum, the first turn being formed by a stationary guide B21C47/10by means of a moving guide B21C47/12the guide moving parallel to the axis of the coil B21C47/14 takes precedence B21C47/14by means of a rotating guide, e.g. laying the material around a stationary reel or drum B21C47/143the guide being a tube B21C47/146Controlling or influencing the laying pattern of the coils B21C47/16Unwinding or uncoiling B21C47/18from reels or drums B21C47/20the unreeled material moving transversely to the tangent line of the drum, e.g. axially, radially B21C47/22Unwinding coils without reels or drums B21C47/24Transferring coils to or from winding apparatus or to or from operative position thereinPreventing uncoiling during transfer B21C47/242Devices for swinging the coil from horizontal to vertical, or vice versa B21C47/245Devices for the replacement of full reels by empty reels or vice versa, without considerable loss of time B21C47/247Joining wire or band ends B21C47/26Special arrangements with regard to simultaneous or subsequent treatment of the material B21C47/262Treatment of a wire, while in the form of overlapping non-concentric rings B21C47/265"helicofil" systems B21C47/267Scrap treatment B21C47/28Drums or other coil-holders B21C47/30expansible or contractible B21C47/32Tongs or gripping means specially adapted for reeling operations B21C47/323Slits or pinces on the cylindrical wall of a reel or bobbin, adapted to grip the end of the material being wound B21C47/326Devices for pressing the end of the material being wound against the cylindrical wall of the reel or bobbin B21C47/34Feeding or guiding devices not specially adapted to a particular type of apparatus B21C47/3408for monitoring the lateral position of the material B21C47/3416with lateral edge contact B21C47/3425without lateral edge contact B21C47/3433for guiding the leading end of the material, e.g. from or to a coiler B21C47/3441Diverting the leading end, e.g. from main flow to a coiling device B21C47/345for monitoring the tension or advance of the material B21C47/3458Endlessly revolving chain systems metal drawing B21C1/30 B21C47/3466by using specific means B21C47/3475Fluid pressure or vacuum B21C47/3483Magnetic field B21C47/3491Brushes B21C49/00Devices for temporarily accumulating material B21C51/00Measuring, gauging, indicating, counting, or marking devices specially adapted for use in the production or manipulation of material in accordance with subclasses B21B - B21F B21C51/005Marking devices B21C99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass