B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIALPUNCHING METAL working or processing of wire B21F This subclass covers cutting or perforating of sheet metal or other stock material This subclass does not cover the working of metal foils in a manner analogous to the working of paper, which is covered by classes B26, B31In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. B21D1/00StraighteningRestoring formBendingCorrugatingFlanging B21D1/00Straightening, restoring form or removing local distortions of sheet metal or specific articles made therefrom B21D3/00 takes precedenceStretching sheet metal combined with rolling working sheet metal of limited length by stretching B21D25/00; by localised hammering B21D31/06 B21D1/02by rollers B21D1/06 takes precedence B21D1/05Stretching combined with rolling B21D1/06Removing local distortions B21D1/065by hammering B21D1/08of hollow bodies made from sheet metal of substantially open bodies B21D1/10 ; flattening hollow objects for transport and reforming B21D51/14 B21D1/10of specific articles made from sheet metal, e.g. mudguards B21D1/12Straightening vehicle body parts or bodies B21D1/14 takes precedence B21D1/14Straightening frame structures B21D1/145Clamps therefor B21D3/00Straightening or restoring form of metal rods, metal tubes, metal profiles, or specific articles made therefrom, whether or not in combination with sheet metal parts straightening of well casings in situ E21B; straightening rails or rail joints E01B31/08 B21D3/005by eccentric turning members B21D3/02by rollers B21D3/04arranged on axes skew to the path of the work B21D3/045Workpiece feed channels therefor B21D3/05arranged on axes rectangular to the path of the work B21D3/06arranged inclined to a revolving flier rolling frame B21D3/08which move in an orbit without rotating round the work B21D3/10between rams and anvils or abutments B21D3/12by stretching with or without twisting by twisting only B21D11/14 B21D3/14Recontouring B21D3/16of specific articles made from metal rods, tubes, or profiles, e.g. crankshafts, by specially adapted methods or means B21D5/00Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves B21D11/06 - B21D11/18 take precedence; corrugating sheet metal B21D13/00; as edge treatment B21D19/00 B21D5/002Positioning devices B21D5/004with program control B21D5/006combined with measuring of bends B21D5/008combined with heating or cooling of the bends B21D5/01between rams and anvils or abutments B21D5/015for making tubes B21D5/02on press brakes without making use of clamping means B21D5/0209Tools therefor B21D5/0218Length adjustment of the punch B21D5/0227Length adjustment of the die B21D5/0236Tool clamping B21D5/0245Fluid operated B21D5/0254Tool exchanging B21D5/0263Die with two oscillating halves B21D5/0272Deflection compensating means B21D5/0281Workpiece supporting devices B21D5/029with shearing devices B21D5/04on brakes making use of clamping means on one side of the work B21D5/042With a rotational movement of the bending blade B21D5/045With a wiping movement of the bending blade B21D5/047Length adjustment of the clamping means B21D5/06by drawing procedure making use of dies or forming-rollers, e.g. making profiles B21D5/08making use of forming-rollers B21D5/12 takes precedence B21D5/083for obtaining profiles with changing cross-sectional configuration B21D5/086for obtaining closed hollow profiles B21D5/10for making tubes B21D5/12making use of forming-rollers B21D5/14by passing between rollers B21D5/06 takes precedence B21D5/143making use of a mandrel B21D5/146one roll being covered with deformable material B21D5/16FoldingPleating B21D7/00Bending rods, profiles, or tubes B21D11/02 - B21D11/18 take precedence; using mandrels or the like B21D9/00 B21D7/02over a stationary forming memberby use of a swinging forming member or abutment B21D7/021Construction of forming members having more than one groove B21D7/022over a stationary forming member only B21D7/0225using pulling members B21D7/024by a swinging forming member B21D7/025and pulling or pushing the ends of the work B21D7/028and altering the profile at the same time, e.g. forming bumpers B21D7/03Apparatus with means to keep the profile in shape B21D7/04over a movably-arranged forming menber B21D7/02 takes precedence B21D7/06in press brakes or between rams and anvils or abutmentsPliers with forming dies B21D7/063Pliers with forming dies B21D7/066combined with oscillating members B21D7/08by passing between rollers or through a curved die B21D7/085by passing through a curved die B21D7/10by abutting members and flexible bending means, e.g. with chains, ropes B21D7/12with programme control B21D7/14combined with measuring of bends or lengths B21D7/16Auxiliary equipment, e.g. for heating or cooling of bends B21D7/162Heating equipment B21D7/165Cooling equipment B21D7/167Greasing B21D9/00Bending tubes using mandrels or the like B21D11/02 - B21D11/18 take precedence B21D9/01the mandrel being flexible and engaging the entire tube length B21D9/03and built-up from loose elements, e.g. series of balls B21D9/04the mandrel being rigid B21D9/05co-operating with forming members B21D9/055Construction of forming members having more than one groove B21D9/07with one or more swinging forming members engaging tube ends only B21D9/073with one swinging forming member B21D9/076with more swinging forming members B21D9/08in press brakes or between rams and anvils or abutmentsPliers with forming dies B21D9/085Pliers with forming dies B21D9/10by passing between rollers B21D9/12by pushing over a curved mandrelby pushing through a curved die B21D9/125by pushing through a curved die B21D9/14Wrinkle-bending, i.e. bending by corrugating B21D9/15using filling material of indefinite shape, e.g. sand, plastic material filling of tubes with such material B21D9/16 B21D9/16Auxiliary equipment, e.g. machines for filling tubes with sand B21D9/165Machines for filling tubes with sand B21D9/18for heating or cooling of bends B21D11/00Bending not restricted to forms of material mentioned in only one of groups B21D5/00, B21D7/00, B21D9/00Bending not provided for in groups B21D5/00 - B21D9/00 corrugating or bending into wave form B21D13/00, B21D15/00; flanging B21D19/00Twisting B21D11/02Bending by stretching or pulling over a die working sheet metal of limited length by stretching B21D25/00 B21D11/06Bending into helical or spiral formForming a succession of return bends, e.g. serpentine form making helically seamed tubing B21C37/12 B21D11/07Making serpentine-shaped articles by bending essentially in one plane B21D11/08Bending by altering the thickness of part of the cross-section of the work B21D11/06 takes precedence B21D11/085by locally stretching or upsetting B21D11/10Bending specially adapted to produce specific articles, e.g. leaf springs making or bending leaf springs B21D53/886 B21D11/12the articles being reinforcements for concrete B21D11/125Bending wire nets B21D11/14Twisting B21D11/15Reinforcing rods for concrete B21D11/16Crankshafts B21D11/18Joggling B21D11/20Bending sheet metal, not otherwise provided for B21D11/203Round bending B21D11/206Curving corrugated sheets B21D11/22Auxiliary equipment, e.g. positioning devices B21D13/00Corrugating sheet metal, rods or profilesBending sheet metal, rods or profiles into wave form tubes B21D15/00 B21D13/02by pressing B21D13/04by rolling B21D13/045the corrugations being parallel to the feeding movement B21D13/06by drawing B21D13/08by combined methods B21D13/10into a peculiar profiling shape B21D15/00Corrugating tubes wrinkle-bending using mandrels or the like B21D9/14 B21D15/02longitudinally B21D15/03by applying fluid pressure B21D15/04transversely, e.g. helically B21D15/06annularly with thinning B21C37/205 B21D15/10by applying fluid pressure B21D15/105by applying elastic material B21D15/12Bending tubes into wave form B21D17/00Forming single grooves in sheet metal or tubular or hollow articles B21D17/02by pressing grooving or notching of bolts, studs, or the like B21K1/54 B21D17/025by pressing tubes axially B21D17/04by rolling B21D19/00Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes connecting by making use of folds B21D39/00; flaring-out tube ends B21D41/02 B21D19/005Edge deburring or smoothing B21D19/02by continuously-acting tools moving along the edge edge-curling B21D19/12 B21D19/04shaped as rollers B21D19/043for flanging edges of plates B21D19/046for flanging edges of tubular products B21D19/06working inwardly B21D19/08by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws B21D19/082for making negative angles B21D19/084with linear cams, e.g. aerial cams B21D19/086with rotary cams B21D19/088for flanging holes B21D19/10working inwardly B21D19/12Edge-curling B21D19/14Reinforcing edges, e.g. armouring same B21D19/16Reverse flanging of tube ends B21D21/00Combined processes according to methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D19/00 B21D22/00Stamping, Spinning, Deep-drawingWorking sheet metal of limited length by stretchingPunching B21D22/00Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads B21D26/00 B21D22/02Stamping using rigid devices or tools B21D22/022by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment C21D takes precedence B21D22/025for tubular articles B21D22/027for flattening the ends of corrugated sheets B21D22/04for dimpling combined with perforating B21D28/24 B21D22/06having relatively-movable die parts B21D22/08with die parts on rotating carriers B21D22/10Stamping using yieldable or resilient pads B21D22/105of tubular products B21D22/12using enclosed flexible chambers B21D22/125of tubular products B21D22/14Spinning B21D22/16over shaping mandrels or formers B21D22/18using tools guided to produce the required profile B21D22/185making bombed objects B21D22/20Deep-drawing special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses B21D24/00 B21D22/201Work-pieces; preparation of the work-pieces, e.g. lubricating, coating B21D22/203of compound articles B21D22/205Hydro-mechanical deep-drawing B21D22/206articles from a strip in several steps, the articles being coherent with the strip during the operation B21D22/208by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment C21D takes precedence B21D22/21without fixing the border of the blank B21D22/22with devices for holding the edge of the blanks B21D22/24 - B21D22/30 take precedence; shaping over a die without external former B21D11/02 B21D22/225with members for radially pushing the blanks B21D22/24involving two drawing operations having effects in opposite directions with respect to the blank B21D22/26for making peculiarly, e.g. irregularly, shaped articles B21D22/28of cylindrical articles using consecutive dies B21D22/283with ram and dies aligning means B21D22/286with lubricating or cooling means B21D22/30to finish articles formed by deep-drawing B21D24/00Special deep-drawing arrangements in, or in connection with, presses B21D24/005Multi-stage presses B21D24/02Die-cushions B21D24/04Blank holdersMounting means therefor B21D24/06Mechanically spring-loaded blank holders B21D24/08Pneumatically or hydraulically loaded blank holders B21D24/10Devices controlling or operating blank holders independently, or in conjunction with dies B21D24/12mechanically B21D24/14pneumatically or hydraulically B21D24/16Additional equipment in association with the tools, e.g. for shearing, for trimming B21D25/00Working sheet metal of limited length by stretching, e.g. for straightening B21D25/02by pulling over a die B21D25/04Clamping arrangements B21D26/00Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces stamping using resilient pads B21D22/10 B21D26/02by applying fluid pressure B21D26/021Deforming sheet bodies B21D26/023including an additional treatment performed by fluid pressure, e.g. perforating B21D26/025Means for controlling the clamping or opening of the moulds B21D26/027Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature B21D26/029Closing or sealing means B21D26/031Mould construction B21D26/025 - B21D26/029 take precedence B21D26/033Deforming tubular bodies corrugating tubes by applying fluid pressure B21D15/03, B21D15/10 B21D26/035including an additional treatment performed by fluid pressure, e.g. perforating B21D26/037Forming branched tubes B21D26/039Means for controlling the clamping or opening of the moulds B21D26/041Means for controlling fluid parameters, e.g. pressure or temperature B21D26/043Means for controlling the axial pusher B21D26/045Closing or sealing means B21D26/047Mould construction B21D26/037 - B21D26/045 take precedence B21D26/049Deforming bodies having a closed end B21D26/051Deforming double-walled bodies B21D26/053characterised by the material of the blanks B21D26/055Blanks having super-plastic properties B21D26/057Tailored blanks B21D26/059Layered blanks B21D26/06by shock waves B21D26/08generated by explosives, e.g. chemical explosives B21D26/10generated by evaporation, e.g. of wire, of liquids B21D26/12initiated by spark discharge B21D26/14applying magnetic forces B21D28/00Shaping by press-cuttingPerforating B21D28/002Drive of the tools B21D28/007 and B21D28/20 take precedence B21D28/005Adjustment of the punch stroke for compensating wear B21D28/007Explosive cutting or perforating B21D28/02Punching blanks or articles with or without obtaining scrap cutting nails or pins from strips or sheet material B21G3/26Notching B21D28/04Centering the workPositioning the tools B21D28/06Making more than one part out of the same blankScrapless working B21D28/08Zig-zag sequence working B21D28/10Incompletely punching in such a manner that the parts are still coherent with the work B21D28/12Punching using rotatable carriers B21D28/125with multi-tools B21D28/14Dies ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in punching machines or tools B21D45/00 B21D28/145with means for slug retention, e.g. a groove B21D28/16Shoulder or burr prevention , e.g. fine-blanking B21D28/18Yieldable, e.g. rubber, punching pads B21D28/20Applications of drives for reducing noise or wear B21D28/22Notching the peripheries of circular blanks, e.g. laminations for dynamo-electric machines B21D28/24Perforating, i.e. punching holes B21D28/243in profiles B21D28/246Selection of punches B21D28/26in sheets or flat parts B21D28/265with relative movement of sheet and tools enabling the punching of holes in predetermined locations of the sheet, e.g. holes punching with template B21D28/28in tubes or other hollow bodies B21D28/285punching outwards B21D28/30in annular parts, e.g. rims B21D28/32in other articles of special shape B21D28/325using cam or wedge mechanisms, e.g. aerial cams B21D28/34Perforating toolsDie holders B21D28/343Draw punches B21D28/346length adjustable perforating tools B21D28/36using rotatable work or tool holders B21D31/00Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles deforming one surface of tubes helically by rolling B21H3/00; upsetting B21J5/08; working metal by removing material therefrom B23; embossing B44B B21D31/005Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece B21D22/14 takes precedence B21D31/02Stabbing or piercing, e.g. for making sieves dimpling B21D22/04; perforating by punching B21D28/24 B21D31/04Expanding other than provided for in groups B21D1/00 - B21D28/00, e.g. for making expanded metal B21D47/00 takes precedence; enlarging tube ends B21D41/02 B21D31/043Making use of slitting discs or punch cutters B21D31/046making use of rotating cutters B21D31/06Deforming sheet metal, tubes or profiles by sequential impacts, e.g. hammering, beating, peen forming forging hammers B21J7/00 B21D33/00Special measures in connection with working metal foils, e.g. gold foils cutting or perforating of metal foil analogous to paper B26 B21D35/00Combined processes according to or processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 B21D21/00 takes precedence B21D35/001Shaping combined with punching, e.g. stamping and perforating B21D35/002Processes combined with methods covered by groups B21D1/00 - B21D31/00 B21D35/003Simultaneous forming, e.g. making more than one part per stroke B21D26/06 takes precedence B21D35/005characterized by the material of the blank or the workpiece B21D26/053 takes precedence B21D35/006Blanks having varying thickness, e.g. tailored blanks B21D35/007Layered blanks B21D22/203 takes precedence; joining superposed plates B21D39/031, B21D39/034, B21D39/035 B21D35/008involving vibration, e.g. ultrasonic B21D37/00Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass forms or constructions of tools uniquely adapted for particular operations, see the relevant groups for the operations B21D37/01Selection of materials B21D37/02Die constructions enabling assembly of the die parts in different ways B21D37/06 takes precedence B21D37/04Movable or exchangeable mountings for tools B21D37/06Pivotally-arranged tools, e.g. disengageable die sets with dies pivoted to one another B21D37/12 B21D37/08Dies with different parts for several steps in a process B21D37/10Die setsPillar guides B21D37/12Particular guiding equipment, e.g. pliersSpecial arrangements for interconnection or cooperation of dies B21D37/14Particular arrangements for handling and holding in place complete dies B21D37/142Spotting presses B21D37/145Die storage magazines B21D37/147Tool exchange carts B21D37/16Heating or cooling B21D37/18Lubricating , e.g. lubricating tool and workpiece simultaneously lubricating workpieces for deep-drawing B21D22/201 B21D37/20Making tools by operations not covered by a single other subclass B21D37/205Making cutting tools B21D39/00Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating joining mitred profiles B21D53/745; riveting B21J; uniting components by forging or pressing to form integral members B21K25/00; welding B23K; press-fitting, force-fitting, or shrinking in general B23P11/00, B21D19/00; by adhesives F16B11/00 ; Connections as such F16L, F16BTube expanders B21D39/02of sheet metal by folding, e.g. connecting edges of a sheet to form a cylinder B21D39/021for panels, e.g. vehicle doors B21D39/023using rollers B21D39/025Hand tools B21D39/026Reinforcing the connection by locally deforming B21D39/028Reinforcing the connection otherwise than by deforming, e.g. welding B21D39/03of sheet metal otherwise than by folding B21D39/031Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing B21D39/032by fitting a projecting part integral with one plate in a hole of the other plate B21D39/034Joining superposed plates by piercing B21D39/035Joining superposed plates by slitting B21D39/037Interlocking butt joints B21D39/038Perpendicular plate connections B21D39/04of tubes with tubesof tubes with rods crimped pipe joints as such F16L13/14 B21D39/042using explosives by explosive welding B23K20/08 B21D39/044perpendicular B21D39/046Connecting tubes to tube-like fittings B21D39/048using presses for radially crimping tubular elements B21D39/06of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in B21D39/063for assembling ladders B21D39/066using explosives B21D39/08Tube expanders B21D39/10with rollers for expanding only B21D39/12with rollers for expanding and flanging B21D39/14with balls B21D39/16with torque limiting devices B21D39/18Rollers of special shape B21D39/20with mandrels, e.g. expandable B21D39/203expandable by fluid or elastic material B21D39/206by axially compressing the elastic material B21D41/00Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends B21D39/00 takes precedence ; plastic tubes B29C57/08 B21D41/02Enlarging B21D41/021by means of tube-flaring hand tools B21D41/023comprising rolling elements B21D41/025by means of impact-type swaging hand tools B21D41/026by means of mandrels B21D41/028expandable mandrels B21D41/04ReducingClosing B21D41/045Closing B21D43/00Feeding, positioning or storing devices combined with, or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, apparatus for working or processing sheet metal, metal tubes or metal profilesAssociations therewith of cutting devices cutting devices associated with the tool, see the relevant group for the tool B21D43/003Positioning devices B21D28/04 and B21D28/265 take precedence; stops B21D43/26; centering moving strips B21D43/023 B21D43/006Feeding elongated articles, such as tubes, bars, or profiles B21D43/02Advancing work in relation to the stroke of the die or tool B21D43/021Control or correction devices in association with moving strips B21D43/022Loop-control B21D43/023Centering devices, e.g. edge guiding B21D43/025Fault detection, e.g. misfeed detection B21D43/026Combination of two or more feeding devices provided for in B21D43/04 - B21D43/18 B21D43/027Combined feeding and ejecting devices B21D43/028Tools travelling with material, e.g. flying punching machines B21D43/04by means in mechanical engagement with the work B21D43/05specially adapted for multi-stage presses B21D43/145 takes precedence B21D43/052Devices having a cross bar B21D43/055Devices comprising a pair of longitudinally and laterally movable parallel transfer bars B21D43/057Devices for exchanging transfer bars or grippers; Idle stages, e.g. exchangeable B21D43/06by positive or negative engaging parts co-operating with corresponding parts of the sheet or the like to be processed, e.g. carrier bolts or grooved section in the carriers B21D43/08by rollers B21D43/145 takes precedence B21D43/09by one or more pairs of rollers for feeding sheet or strip material B21D43/10by grippers B21D43/055, B21D43/057, B21D43/145 take precedence B21D43/105Manipulators, i.e. mechanical arms carrying a gripper element having several degrees of freedom B21D43/11for feeding sheet or strip material B21D43/12by chains or belts B21D43/145 takes precedence B21D43/13by linearly moving tables B21D43/14by turning devices, e.g. turn-tables B21D43/145Turnover devices, i.e. by turning about a substantially horizontal axis B21D43/16by gravity, e.g. chutes B21D43/18by means in pneumatic or magnetic engagement with the work B21D43/20Storage arrangementsPiling or unpiling in general B65G, B65H B21D43/22Devices for piling sheets B21D43/24Devices for removing sheets from a stack B21D43/26Stops B21D43/28Associations of cutting devices therewith B21D43/282Discharging crop ends or the like B21D43/285Devices for handling elongated articles, e.g. bars, tubes or profiles B21D43/282, B21D43/287 take precedence B21D43/287Devices for handling sheet or strip material B21D43/282 takes precedence B21D45/00Ejecting or stripping-off devices arranged in machines or tools dealt with in this subclass B21D45/003in punching machines or punching tools B21D45/006Stripping-off devices B21D45/02Ejecting devices B21D45/04interrelated with motion of tool B21D45/06Stripping-off devices B21D45/065for deep-drawn cans, e.g. using stripping fingers B21D45/08interrelated with motion of tool B21D45/10Combined ejecting and stripping-off devices B21D47/00Processing sheet metal or metal tubes, or processing metal profiles according to any of groups B21D1/00 - B21D45/00, in the manufacture of finished or semi-finished articles B21D47/00Making rigid structural elements or units, e.g. honeycomb structures B21D47/005Making gratings B21D47/01beams or pillars B21D47/02by expanding B21D47/04composite sheet metal profiles B21D49/00Sheathing or stiffening objects by winding wire or tape thereon B65H54/00, B65H81/00; specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables H01B13/26 B21D49/005Hollow objects B21D51/00Making hollow objects from thick-walled or non uniform tubes B21K21/00 B21D51/02characterised by the structure of the objects B21D51/26 takes precedence Making hollow objects characterised both by their structure and by their use is classified only in group B21D51/16 B21D51/04built-up objects, e.g. objects with rigidly-attached bottom or cover B21D51/06folded objects B21D51/08ball-shaped objects B21D51/10conically or cylindrically shaped objects B21D51/12objects with corrugated walls B21D51/14Flattening hollow objects for transport or storageRe-forming same making tubes from doubled flat material B21C37/14 B21D51/16characterised by the use of the objects making heat exchangers B21D53/02 B21D51/18vessels, e.g. tubs, vats, tanks, sinks, or the like B21D51/20barrels B21D51/22pots, e.g. for cooking B21D51/24high-pressure containers, e.g. boilers, bottles B21D51/26cans or tinsClosing same in a permanent manner making outlet arrangements B21D51/38; welding or soldering B23K B21D51/2607Locally embossing the walls of formed can bodies B44B5/00, B44C1/24, B44C3/085 take precedence; bulging B21D51/2646 B21D51/2615Edge treatment of cans or tins B21D51/2623Curling B21D51/263Flanging B21D51/2638Necking B21D51/2646Of particular non cylindrical shape, e.g. conical, rectangular, polygonal, bulged B21D51/2653Methods or machines for closing cans by applying caps or bottoms B21D51/2661Sealing or closing means therefor B21D51/2669Transforming the shape of formed can bodies; Forming can bodies from flattened tubular blanks; Flattening can bodies B21D51/2676Cans or tins having longitudinal or helical seams B21D51/2684Cans or tins having circumferential side seams B21D51/2692Manipulating, e.g. feeding and positioning devices; Control systems B21D51/28Folding the longitudinal seam B21D51/30Folding the circumferential seam B21D51/32by rolling B21D51/34by pressing B21D51/36collapsible or like thin-walled tubes, e.g. for toothpaste B21D51/365involving fixing closure members to the tubes, e.g. nozzles B21D51/38Making inlet or outlet arrangements of cans, tins, baths, bottles, or other vesselsMaking can endsMaking closures B21D51/383scoring lines, tear strips or pulling tabs B21D51/386on the side-wall of containers B21D51/40Making outlet openings, e.g. bung holes B21D51/42Making or attaching spouts B21D51/44Making closures, e.g. caps folded of thin metal foils in the way of making paper caps B31D5/00; making closures in conjunction with applying same B67B B21D51/443easily removable closures, e.g. by means of tear strips B21D51/446Feeding or removal of material B21D51/46Placing sealings or sealing material moulding plastic sealing material into closure members B29C70/80 B21D51/48Making crown caps B21D51/50Making screw caps B21D51/52boxes, cigarette cases, or the like B21D51/54cartridge cases, e.g. for ammunition, for letter carriers in pneumatic-tube plants B21D53/00Making other particular articles making wire fabrics B21F; making chains or chain parts B21L B21D53/02heat exchangers or parts thereof, e.g. radiators, condensers fins, headersmaking finned or ribbed tubes by fixing strip material or the like to tubes B21C37/22 B21D53/022Making the fins B21D53/025Louvered fins B21D53/027by helically or spirally winding elongated elements B21D53/04of sheet metal B21D53/045by inflating partially united plates B21D53/06of metal tubes B21D53/08of both metal tubes and sheet metal connecting tubes in openings B21D39/06 B21D53/085with fins places on zig-zag tubes or parallel tubes B21D53/10parts of bearingssleevesvalve seats or the like B21D53/12cages for bearings B21D53/14belts, e.g. machine-gun belts B21D53/16rings, e.g. barrel hoops B21D53/18of hollow or C-shaped cross-section, e.g. for curtains, for eyelets B21D53/20washers, e.g. for sealing B21D53/22with means for preventing rotation B21D53/24nuts or like thread-engaging members B21D53/26wheels or the like B21D53/261pulleys B21D53/262with inscriptions or the like, e.g. printing wheels B21D53/264wheels out of a single piece B21D53/261 takes precedence B21D53/265parts of wheels B21D53/28, B21D53/30 take precedence B21D53/267blower wheels, i.e. wheels provided with fan elements B21D53/268wheels having spokes B21D53/28gear wheels B21D53/30wheel rims B21D53/32wheel covers B21D53/34brake drums B21D53/36clips, clamps, or like fastening or attaching devices, e.g. for electric installation B21D53/38locksmith's goods, e.g. handles B21D53/40hinges, e.g. door hinge plates B21D53/42keys making keys by combined operations B23P15/005 B21D53/44fancy goods, e.g. jewellery products B21D53/46haberdashery, e.g. buckles, combspronged fasteners, e.g. staples B21D53/48buttons, e.g. press-buttons, snap fasteners B21D53/50metal slide-fastener parts B21D53/52fastener elementsAttaching such elements so far as this procedure is combined with the process for making the elements B21D53/54slides B21D53/56stops B21D53/58end-pieces for laces or ropes B21D53/60cutlery waresgarden tools or the like B21D53/62spoonstable forks B21D53/64knivesscissorscutting blades B21D53/72 takes precedence; handle portions B21D53/70 B21D53/642scissors B21D53/645safety razor blades B21D53/647mower blades B21D53/66spadesshovels handle portions B21D53/70 B21D53/68rakes, garden forks, or the like handle portions B21D53/70 B21D53/70handle portions B21D53/72 takes precedence B21D53/72sicklesscythes B21D53/74frames for openings, e.g. for windows, doors, handbags B21D53/745Joining mitred profiles comprising punching the profiles on a corner-angle connecting piece B21D53/76writing or drawing instruments, e.g. writing pens, erasing pens B21D53/78propeller bladesturbine blades B21D53/80dustproof coverssafety covers B21D53/82perforated music sheetspattern sheets, e.g. for control purposes, stencils B21D53/84other parts for engines, e.g. connecting-rods B21D53/845Making camshafts B21D53/86other parts for bicycles or motorcycles B21D53/88other parts for vehicles, e.g. cowlings, mudguards B21D53/883reflectors B21D53/886leaf springs B21D53/90axle-housings B21D53/92other parts for aircraft B21D55/00Safety devices protecting the machine or the operator, specially adapted for apparatus or machines dealt with in this subclass for presses in general B30B; safety devices in general F16P