F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICESSYSTEMS THEREOFVEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORSThis subclass covers:devices or systems intended for fixed installation or for use at a permanent location, e.g. free-standing floor- or table-lamps.aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. headlamps.aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle light signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. brake lamps or direction indicator lights.This subclass does not cover:devices or systems specially adapted for transportation, which are covered by subclass F21L.aspects related to the vehicles in which lighting devices are arranged, e.g. the arrangement or operation of lighting devices on vehicles, which are covered by B60Q.control of vehicle lighting devices in relation to the vehicle as a whole, e.g. for levelling, swivelling or aiming. Such arrangements are covered by group B60Q1/06, even if the movement of the lighting device occurs inside the lamp housing.Non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups F21S11/00 - F21S15/00 only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses F21W and F21Y.In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. F21S2/00Electric lighting F21S2/00Systems of lighting devices, not provided for in main groups F21S4/00 - F21S10/00 or F21S19/00, e.g. of modular construction F21S2/005of modular construction F21S4/00Lighting devices or systems using a string or strip of light sources F21S4/10with light sources attached to loose electric cables, e.g. Christmas tree lights F21S4/15the cables forming a grid, net or web structure F21S4/20with light sources held by or within elongate supports F21S4/22flexible or deformable, e.g. into a curved shape F21S4/24of ribbon or tape form, e.g. LED tapes F21S4/26of rope form, e.g. LED lighting ropes, or of tubular form F21S4/28rigid, e.g. LED bars F21S6/00Lighting devices intended to be free-standing F21S9/00, F21S10/00, F21S13/12 take precedence lighting devices specially adapted to be transported from place to place, e.g. lighting devices carried on wheeled supports F21L; details of supports for lighting devices F21V21/00 F21S6/001being candle-shaped with varying lighting effect of simulating flames F21S10/04; string of light sources F21S4/00 F21S6/002Table lamps, e.g. for ambient lighting F21S6/003for task lighting, e.g. for reading or desk work, e.g. angle poise lamps F21S6/004with a lamp housing in direct contact with the floor or ground F21S6/005with a lamp housing maintained at a distance from the floor or ground via a support, e.g. standing lamp for ambient lighting F21S6/006for direct lighting only, e.g. task lighting F21S6/007for indirect lighting only, e.g. torchiere with reflector bowl directed towards ceiling F21S6/008with a combination of direct and indirect lighting F21S8/00Lighting devices intended for fixed installation F21S9/00, F21S10/00 take precedence; using a string or strip of light sources F21S4/00 F21S8/003Searchlights, i.e. outdoor lighting device producing powerful beam of parallel rays, e.g. for military or attraction purposes searchlights mounted on a vehicle B60Q1/245 F21S8/006Solar simulators, e.g. for testing photovoltaic panels F21S8/02of recess-mounted type, e.g. downlighters specially adapted for vehicle exteriors F21S41/00-F21S45/00 F21S8/022intended to be recessed in a floor or like ground surface, e.g. pavement or false floor F21S8/024intended to be recessed in a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade F21S8/026intended to be recessed in a ceiling or like overhead structure, e.g. suspended ceiling F21S8/028being retractable, i.e. having two fixed positions, one recessed, e.g. in a wall, floor or ceiling, and one extended when in use F21S8/03of surface-mounted type F21S8/02, F21S8/04 take precedence; details of wall or floor bases F21V21/02 F21S8/031the device consisting essentially only of a light source holder with an exposed light source, e.g. a fluorescent tube F21S8/032the surface being a floor or like ground surface, e.g. pavement F21S8/033the surface being a wall or like vertical structure, e.g. building facade F21S8/035by means of plugging into a wall outlet, e.g. night light F21S8/036by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm F21S8/037for mounting in a corner, i.e. between adjacent walls or wall and ceiling F21S8/038intended to be mounted on a light track suspended from a light track F21S8/066; details of supporting elements displaceable along a guiding element F21V21/34 F21S8/04intended only for mounting on a ceiling or the like overhead structures F21S8/02 takes precedence; details of ceiling bases F21V21/03 F21S8/043mounted by means of a rigid support, e.g. bracket or arm F21S8/046having multiple lighting devices, e.g. connected to a common ceiling base F21S8/06by suspension F21S8/061with a non-rigid pendant, i.e. a cable, wire or chain F21S8/063with a rigid pendant, i.e. a pipe or rod F21S8/065multi-branched, e.g. a chandelier F21S8/066from a light track details of supporting elements displaceable along a guiding element F21V21/34 F21S8/068from a stretched wire F21S8/08with a standard F21S6/00 takes precedence F21S8/081of low-built type, e.g. landscape light F21S8/083of bollard type, i.e. with lighting fixture integrated into the standard or mounted on top of it and having substantially the same diameter F21S8/085of high-built type, e.g. street light F21S8/086with lighting device attached sideways of the standard, e.g. for roads and highways F21S8/088with lighting device mounted on top of the standard, e.g. for pedestrian zones F21S9/00Lighting devices with a built-in power supplySystems employing lighting devices with a built-in power supply F21S9/02the power supply being a battery or accumulator F21S9/022Emergency lighting devices F21S9/024using a supplementary light source for emergency lighting F21S9/026rechargeable by using wind power, e.g. using wind turbines F21S9/028rechargeable by using hydropower, e.g. using water powered turbines F21S9/03rechargeable by exposure to light F21S9/032the solar unit being separate from the lighting unit F21S9/035the solar unit being integrated within the support for the lighting unit, e.g. within or on a pole F21S9/037the solar unit and the lighting unit being located within or on the same housing F21S9/04the power supply being a generator F21S9/043driven by wind power, e.g. by wind turbines F21S9/046driven by hydropower, e.g. by water powered turbines F21S10/00Lighting devices or systems producing a varying lighting effect F21S10/002using liquids, e.g. water F21S10/005using light guides light guides specially adapted for lighting devices G02B6/0001 F21S10/007using rotating transparent or colored disks, e.g. gobo wheels F21S10/02changing colors F21S10/002 - F21S10/007, F21S10/04 take precedence F21S10/023by selectively switching fixed light sources F21S10/026by movement of parts, e.g. by movement of reflectors or light sources F21S10/007 takes precedence F21S10/04simulating flames F21S10/043by selectively switching fixed light sources F21S10/046by movement of parts, e.g. by movement of reflectors or light sources F21S10/06flashing, e.g. with rotating reflector or light source signalling lighting devices mounted on vehicles B60Q1/26 F21S10/063for providing a rotating light effect F21S10/066by selectively switching fixed light sources F21S11/00Non-electric lighting F21S11/00Non-electric lighting devices or systems using daylight roofs with sky-light opening E04D13/03; sun blinds for windows with means for redirecting light onto ceiling of a room E06B9/00; hybrid lighting devices combining artificial and natural light F21S19/00; solar heat collectors F24S; solar cells or solar cell modules H01L31/00 F21S11/002characterised by the means for collecting or concentrating the sunlight, e.g. parabolic reflectors or Fresnel lenses F21S11/005with tracking means for following the position of the sun F21S11/007characterised by the means for transmitting light into the interior of a building F21S13/00Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light sourceNon-electric lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape F21S13/02Devices intended to be fixed, e.g. ceiling lamp, wall lamp F21S13/04with a pendant F21S13/06multi-branched, e.g. chandelier F21S13/08with suspension from a stretched wire F21S13/10with a standard, e.g. street lamp F21S13/12Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp F21S13/14Lighting systems F21S15/00Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing light sources not covered by main groups F21S11/00, F21S13/00 or F21S19/00 F21S2017/00 F21S2017/00Details solely applicable to the devices covered by groups F21S13/00 and F21S15/00 F21S2017/02Fastening and lifting of the lamp-glass F21S19/00Lighting devices or systems employing combinations of electric and non-electric light sourcesReplacing or exchanging electric light sources with non-electric light sources or vice versa F21S19/005Combining sunlight and electric light sources for indoor illumination F21S41/00Vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors F21S41/00Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps reversing lights F21S43/00 F21S41/10characterised by the light source F21S41/12characterised by the type of emitted light F21S41/125Coloured light F21S41/13Ultraviolet lightInfrared light F21S41/135Polarised F21S41/14characterised by the type of light source F21S41/141Light emitting diodes [LED] F21S41/143the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device F21S41/145the main emission direction of the LED being opposite to the main emission direction of the illuminating device F21S41/147the main emission direction of the LED being angled to the optical axis of the illuminating device F21S41/148the main emission direction of the LED being perpendicular to the optical axis F21S41/151arranged in one or more lines F21S41/153arranged in a matrix F21S41/155Surface emitters, e.g. organic light emitting diodes [OLED] F21S41/16Laser light sources F21S41/162Incandescent light sources, e.g. filament or halogen lamps F21S41/164having two or more filaments F21S41/166characterised by the shape of the filament F21S41/168having a filament arranged transversally to the optical axis of the illuminating device F21S41/17Discharge light sources F21S41/172High-intensity discharge light sources F21S41/173Fluorescent light sources F21S41/176Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element F21S41/18Combination of light sources of different types or shapes F21S41/19Attachment of light sources or lamp holders achieving variable light distribution by movable light sources F21S41/657 F21S41/192Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors F21S41/194Bayonet attachments F21S41/196Wire spring attachments F21S41/198Snap-fit attachments F21S41/20characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters F21S41/24Light guides F21S41/25Projection lenses F21S41/255Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline F21S41/26Elongated lenses F21S41/265Composite lensesLenses with a patch-like shape F21S41/27Thick lenses F21S41/275Lens surfaces, e.g. coatings or surface structures F21S41/28Cover glass F21S41/285Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S41/24-F21S41/28 F21S41/29Attachment thereof for achieving variable light distribution F21S41/63 F21S41/295specially adapted to projection lenses F21S41/30characterised by reflectors F21S41/32Optical layout thereof F21S41/321the reflector being a surface of revolution or a planar surface, e.g. truncated F21S41/322the reflector using total internal reflection F21S41/323the reflector having two perpendicular cross sections having regular geometrical curves of a distinct nature F21S41/33Multi-surface reflectors, e.g. reflectors with facets or reflectors with portions of different curvature F21S41/331the reflector consisting of complete annular areas F21S41/332with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S41/333with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S41/334the reflector consisting of patch like sectors F21S41/335with continuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S41/336with discontinuity at the junction between adjacent areas F21S41/337the reflector having a structured surface, e.g. with facets or corrugations F21S41/338the reflector having surface portions added to its general concavity F21S41/36Combinations of two or more separate reflectors F21S41/365successively reflecting the light F21S41/37characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings F21S41/39Attachment thereof achieving variable light distribution by movable reflectors F21S41/675 F21S41/395specially adapted to extension reflectors F21S41/40characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades F21S41/43characterised by the shape thereof F21S41/435Hoods or cap-shaped F21S41/47Attachment thereof achieving variable light distribution by movable screens F21S41/683 F21S41/50characterised by aesthetic components not otherwise provided for, e.g. decorative trim, partition walls or covers F21S41/55Attachment thereof F21S41/60characterised by a variable light distribution F21S41/62for adaptation between right-hand and left-hand traffic F21S41/63by acting on refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S41/635by moving refractors, filters or transparent cover plates F21S41/64by changing their light transmissivity, e.g. by liquid crystal or electrochromic devices F21S41/645by electro-optic means, e.g. liquid crystal or electrochromic devices F21S41/65by acting on light sources F21S41/657by moving light sources F21S41/663by switching light sources by switching incandescent light sources F21S41/162 F21S41/67by acting on reflectors F21S41/675by moving reflectors F21S41/68by acting on screens F21S41/683by moving screens F21S41/686Blades, i.e. screens moving in a vertical plane F21S41/689Flaps, i.e. screens pivoting around one of their edges F21S41/692Shields, i.e. screens not creating an image meant to be projected F21S41/695Screens rotating around a vertical axis rotating flaps F21S41/689 F21S41/698Shaft-shaped screens rotating along its longitudinal axis F21S43/00Signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. brake lamps, direction indicator lights or reversing lights F21S43/10characterised by the light source F21S43/13characterised by the type of light source F21S43/14Light emitting diodes [LED] F21S43/145Surface emitters, e.g. organic light emitting diodes [OLED] F21S43/15Strips of light sources F21S43/16Light sources where the light is generated by photoluminescent material spaced from a primary light generating element F21S43/19Attachment of light sources or lamp holders F21S43/195Details of lamp holders, terminals or connectors F21S43/20characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters F21S43/235Light guides F21S43/236characterised by the shape of the light guide F21S43/237rod-shaped F21S43/239plate-shaped F21S43/241of complex shape F21S43/242characterised by the emission area F21S43/243emitting light from one or more of its extremities F21S43/245emitting light from one or more of its major surfaces F21S43/247with a single light source being coupled into the light guide F21S43/249with two or more light sources being coupled into the light guide F21S43/251the light guides being used to transmit light from remote light sources F21S43/255Filters F21S43/26Refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters not provided in groups F21S43/235 - F21S43/255 F21S43/27Attachment thereof F21S43/30characterised by reflectors F21S43/31Optical layout thereof F21S43/315using total internal reflection F21S43/33characterised by their material, surface treatment or coatings F21S43/37Attachment thereof F21S43/40characterised by the combination of reflectors and refractors F21S43/50characterised by aesthetic components not otherwise provided for, e.g. decorative trim, partition walls or covers F21S43/51Attachment thereof F21S45/00Arrangements within vehicle lighting devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, for purposes other than emission or distribution of light F21S45/10Protection of lighting devices cooling of lighting devices F21S45/40; waterproofing of lighting devices F21S45/50 F21S45/20Promoting gas flow in lighting devices, e.g. directing flow toward the cover glass for demisting ventilation F21S45/30; forced cooling F21S45/42 F21S45/30Ventilation or drainage of lighting devices F21S45/33specially adapted for headlamps F21S45/37specially adapted for signal lamps F21S45/40Cooling of lighting devices F21S45/42Forced cooling F21S45/43using gas F21S45/435circulating the gas within a closed system F21S45/46using liquid F21S45/465from other vehicle cooling systems, e.g. from air-conditioning or engine cooling systems F21S45/47Passive cooling, e.g. using fins, thermal conductive elements or openings F21S45/48with means for conducting heat from the inside to the outside of the lighting devices, e.g. with fins on the outer surface of the lighting device F21S45/49Attachment of the cooling means F21S45/50Waterproofing F21S45/60Heating of lighting devices, e.g. for demisting F21S45/70Prevention of harmful light leakage