H04JMULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION transmission in general H04B; peculiar to transmission of digital information H04L5/00; systems for the simultaneous or sequential transmission of more than one television signal H04N7/08; in exchanges H04Q11/00; stereophonic systems H04S This subclass covers
circuits or apparatus for combining or dividing signals for the purpose of transmitting them simultaneously or sequentially over the same transmission path; monitoring arrangements therefor. In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme. H04J1/00 H04J1/00Frequency-division multiplex systems H04J14/00 takes precedence H04J1/02Details H04J1/04Frequency-transposition arrangements modulation with carrier or side-band suppression H03C1/52, H03C1/60; single-band suppression H04B1/00, H04B15/00; telegraphic communication H04L27/02, H04L25/49; transference of modulation from one carrier to another, e.g. frequency- changing H03D7/00; demodulation or transference of modulation of modulated electromagnetic waves H03D9/00 H04J1/045Filters applied to frequency transposition H04J1/05using digital techniques H04J1/06Arrangements for supplying the carrier waves Arrangements for supplying synchronisation signals carrier supply H04L5/10; frequency multiplication H03B19/00, H03B21/00; mixing H03D7/00, H03D9/00; synchronisation in general H03B H04J1/065Synchronisation of carrier sources at the receiving station with the carrier source at the transmitting station H04J1/08Arrangements for combining channels branching filters H01P1/213, H03H7/46 H04J1/085Terminal station; Combined modulator and demodulator circuits H04J1/10Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off repeater circuits H04B3/36, H04B3/58; two-way amplifiers H03F3/62 H04J1/12Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels in line transmission systems H04B3/32; in cables or lines H04B3/26 - H04B3/30 H04J1/14Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals H04J1/16Monitoring arrangements for transmission in general H04B17/00; for amplifiers H03F1/52, H03F1/523 H04J1/18in which all the carriers are amplitude-modulated H04J1/02 takes precedence in telephony H04Q11/02, H04Q11/023; in stereophony H04H; in telegraphy H04L5/06; in telemetry G08C15/02, G08C15/04 H04J1/20in which at least one carrier is angle-modulated H04J1/02 takes precedence; FM without multiplex H04B1/00, H04B14/006, H04B15/00; PSK H04L5/12; impulse-modulation without multiplex H04B14/02; time-division multiplexing for data transmission H04L5/22; telemetry G08C15/06 - G08C15/12; telephony H04Q11/00, H04Q11/04, H04Q11/0407 H04J3/00Time-division multiplex systems H04J14/00 takes precedence; relay systems H04B7/14; selecting techniques H04Q H04J3/02Details electronic switching or gating H03K17/00 H04J3/025Filter arrangements H04J3/08 takes precedence; filters per se H03H7/00, H03H9/00 H04J3/04Distributors combined with modulators or demodulators pulse distributors in general H03K5/15; pulse counters H03K21/00 - H03K29/06; for telegraphy H04L5/22, H04L13/00 - H04L23/00, H04L25/45; for telephony H04Q11/04 H04J3/042Distributors with electron or gas discharge tubes H04J3/045Distributors with CRT H04J3/047Distributors with transistors or integrated circuits H04J3/06Synchronising arrangements for television systems H04N5/04; bit-synchronisation H04L7/00 H04J3/0602Systems characterised by the synchronising information used H04J3/0605Special codes used as synchronising signal H04J3/0608Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines H04J3/0611PN codes H04J3/0608 takes precedence H04J3/0614the synchronising signal being characterised by the amplitude, duration or polarity H04J3/0617the synchronising signal being characterised by the frequency or phase H04J3/062Synchronisation of signals having the same nominal but fluctuating bit rates, e.g. using buffers pulse-stuffing H04J3/07; asynchronous-synchronous conversion H04L5/24; speed conversion H04L25/05; speed conversion in computers G06F5/06 H04J3/0623Synchronous multiplexing systems, e.g. synchronous digital hierarchy/synchronous optical network (SDH/SONET), synchronisation with a pointer process H04J3/0626plesiochronous multiplexing systems, e.g. plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH], jitter attenuators H04J3/0629in a network, e.g. in combination with switching or multiplexing, slip buffers H04J3/0632Synchronisation of packets and cells, e.g. transmission of voice via a packet network, circuit emulation service [CES] queuing arrangements in packet switching elements H04L49/90; synchronising systems for the synchronous transmission of a pulse code modulated video signal with one or more other pulse code modulated signals H04N7/56 H04J3/0635Clock or time synchronisation in a network timer in protocols H04L69/28 H04J3/0638Clock or time synchronisation among nodes; Internode synchronisation synchronization for ring networks H04L12/422; data switching networks with synchronous transmission H04L12/43 H04J3/0641Change of the master or reference, e.g. take-over or failure of the master H04J3/0644External master-clock H04J3/0647Synchronisation among TDM nodes H04J3/065using timestamps H04J3/0652Synchronisation among time division multiple access [TDMA] nodes, e.g. time triggered protocol [TTP] bus network with centralized control in which slots are of a TDMA packet structure H04L12/4035 H04J3/0655using timestamps H04J3/0658Clock or time synchronisation among packet nodes H04J3/0661using timestamps H04J3/0664unidirectional timestamps H04J3/0667Bidirectional timestamps, e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays arrangements for monitoring round trip delays in packet switching networks H04L43/0864 H04J3/067Details of the timestamp structure H04J3/0673using intermediate nodes, e.g. modification of a received timestamp before further transmission to the next packet node, e.g. including internal delay time or residence time into the packet H04J3/0676Mutual H04J3/0679by determining clock distribution path in a network H04J3/0682by delay compensation, e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof, by ranging H04J3/0685Clock or time synchronisation in a node; Intranode synchronisation H04J3/0688Change of the master or reference, e.g. take-over or failure of the master H04J3/0691Synchronisation in a TDM node H04J3/0694Synchronisation in a TDMA node, e.g. TTP H04J3/0697Synchronisation in a packet node H04J3/07using pulse stuffing for systems with different or fluctuating information rates or bit rates H04J3/073Bit stuffing, e.g. PDH H04J3/076Bit and byte stuffing, e.g. SDH/PDH desynchronisers, bit-leaking H04J3/08Intermediate station arrangements, e.g. for branching, for tapping-off H04J3/085for ring networks, e.g. SDH/SONET rings, self-healing rings, meashed SDH/SONET networks H04J3/10Arrangements for reducing cross-talk between channels H04J3/12Arrangements providing for calling or supervisory signals H04J3/125One of the channel pulses or the synchronisation pulse is also used for transmitting monitoring or supervisory signals H04J3/14Monitoring arrangements for SDH/SONET rings H04J3/085 H04J3/16in which the time allocation to individual channels within a transmission cycle is variable, e.g. to accommodate varying complexity of signals, to vary number of channels transmitted H04J3/17, H04J3/24 take precedence H04J3/1605Fixed allocated frame structures H04J3/1611Synchronous digital hierarchy [SDH] or SONET H04J3/1664 takes precedence for interactions with OTN H04J3/1617carrying packets or ATM cells H04J3/1623Plesiochronous digital hierarchy [PDH] H04J3/1629Format building algorithm H04J3/1635Format conversion, e.g. CEPT/US H04J3/1641Hierarchical systems H04J3/1647Subrate or multislot multiplexing H04J3/1652Optical Transport Network [OTN] H04J3/1658carrying packets or ATM cells; H04J3/1664 takes precedence for payloads with different packet types H04J3/1664carrying hybrid payloads, e.g. different types of packets or carrying frames and packets in the paylaod H04J3/167interaction with SDH/SONET, e.g. carrying SDH/SONET frames, interfacing with SDH/SONET H04J3/1664 takes precedence H04J3/1676Time-division multiplex with pulse-position, pulse-interval, or pulse-width modulation H04J3/1682Allocation of channels according to the instantaneous demands of the users, e.g. concentrated multiplexers, statistical multiplexers H04J3/1688the demands of the users being taken into account after redundancy removal, e.g. by predictive coding, by variable sampling reducing bandwidth of signals in general H04B1/66; in PCM-systems H04B14/046; removal of redundancy in telegraph communication H03M7/30 H04J3/1694Allocation of channels in TDM/TDMA networks, e.g. distributed multiplexers Passive Optical Networks H04Q11/0062 H04J3/17in which the transmission channel allotted to a first user may be taken away and re-allotted to a second user if the first user becomes inactive, e.g. TASI speech analysis or identification G10L H04J3/172Digital speech interpolation, i.e. DSI H04J3/175Speech activity or inactivity detectors echo suppressors H04B3/20 H04J3/177Freeze-out systems, e.g. taking away active sources from transmission H04J3/18using frequency compression and subsequent expansion of the individual signals H04J3/20using resonant transfer H04J3/22in which the sources have different rates or codes simultaneous speech and digital data or video transmission H04M11/06; see provisional also H04J3/16 H04J3/24in which the allocation is indicated by an address the different channels being transmitted sequentiallyH04J3/17 takes precedence; in computers G06F12/00, G06F13/00 code multiplex systems H04J13/00; selecting techniques H04Q; relay systems H04B7/14 H04J3/242the frames being of variable length H04J3/245in which the allocation protocols between more than two stations share the same transmission medium stations for satellite systems H04B7/185 H04J3/247ATM or packet multiplexing H04J3/26in which the information and the address are simultaneously transmitted H04J4/00Combined time-division and frequency-division multiplex systems H04J13/00 takes precedence ; data transmission H04L5/26; telemetry G08C15/00 H04J4/005Transmultiplexing H04J7/00Multiplex systems in which the amplitudes or durations of the signals in individual channels are characteristic of those channels H04J7/02in which the polarity of the amplitude is characteristic H04J9/00Multiplex systems in which each channel is represented by a different type of modulation of the carrier H04J11/00Orthogonal multiplex systems, e.g. using WALSH codesH04J13/00 takes precedence H04J2011/0003Combination with other multiplexing techniques H04J2011/0006with CDM/CDMA H04J2011/0009with FDM/FDMA H04J2011/0013with TDM/TDMA H04J2011/0016with FDM/FDMA and TDM/TDMA H04J2011/002Delay multiplexing H04J11/0023Interference mitigation or co-ordination direct sequence spread spectrum [DSSS] systems H04B1/7097; frequency hopping H04B1/713; allocation criteria for ingress interference avoidance H04L5/0062; frequency allocation criteria for requirements on out-of-channel emissions H04L5/0066; arrangements for removing intersymbol interference or baseband equalisers H04L25/03006; peak power aspects in multicarrier modulation H04L27/2614; power management H04W52/00; traffic scheduling H04W72/54, H04W72/541 H04J11/0026of multi-user interference H04J11/003at the transmitter transmission to multiple receive units in multiple input multiple output [MIMO] H04B7/0452; transmit antenna weighting H04B7/0615 H04J11/0033by pre-cancellation of known interference, e.g. using a matched filter, dirty paper coder or Thomlinson-Harashima precoder correlative coding in synchronous or start-stop systems H04L25/497 H04J11/0036at the receiver H04J11/004using regenerative subtractive interference cancellation H04J11/0043by grouping or ordering the users H04J11/0046using joint detection algorithms H04J11/005of intercell interference H04J11/0053using co-ordinated multipoint transmission/reception co-ordinated antenna or beam-forming aspects H04B7/022 H04J11/0056Inter-base station aspects H04J11/0059Out-of-cell user aspects H04J11/0063of multipath interference, e.g. Rake receivers H04J11/0066of narrowband interference narrowband interference reduction H04B1/1036 H04J11/0069Cell search, i.e. determining cell identity [cell-ID] design of multiplexing codes H04J13/00; processing access restriction or access information H04W48/16; discovery of network devices for network data management H04W8/005; sounding signals for channel estimation H04L25/0226; structure of reference signals in multicarrier modulation systems H04L27/2613; frame, time or carrier synchronisation in multicarrier modulation systems H04L27/2655 H04J11/0073Acquisition of primary synchronisation channel, e.g. detection of cell-ID within cell-ID group H04J11/0076Acquisition of secondary synchronisation channel, e.g. detection of cell-ID group H04J11/0079Acquisition of downlink reference signals, e.g. detection of cell-ID H04J11/0083Multi-mode cell search, i.e. where several modes or systems can be used, e.g. backwards compatible, dual mode or flexible systems H04J11/0086Search parameters, e.g. search strategy, accumulation length, range of search, thresholds code acquisition in DSSS H04B1/7075 H04J11/0089Search hardware arrangements, e.g. sharing of correlators to reduce complexity H04J11/0093Neighbour cell search H04J2011/0096Network synchronisation H04J13/00Code division multiplex systems for frequency hopping H04B1/713 When classifying in this group, any aspect of spread spectrum techniques not specific to frequency hopping, and which is considered to represent information of interest for search, may also be classified in group H04B1/69. H04J13/0003Code application, i.e. aspects relating to how codes are applied to form multiplexed channels H04J13/0007Code type Code type information should be classified in addition to other relevant aspects. This should also be done in cases where the other relevant symbol refers to code type, e.g. H04J13/14, H04J13/20 ) H04J13/0011Complementary H04J13/0014Golay H04J13/0018Chaotic H04J13/0022PN, e.g. Kronecker H04J13/0025M-sequences H04J13/0029Gold H04J13/0033Kasami H04J2013/0037Multilevel codes H04J13/004Orthogonal H04J13/0044OVSF [orthogonal variable spreading factor] H04J13/0048Walsh H04J13/0051Orthogonal gold H04J13/0055ZCZ [zero correlation zone] H04J13/0059CAZAC [constant-amplitude and zero auto-correlation] H04J13/0062Zadoff-Chu H04J13/0066GCL [generalized chirp-like] sequences H04J13/007LAS, i.e. LA, LS and LAS codes H04J13/0074Code shifting or hopping H04J13/0077Multicode, e.g. multiple codes assigned to one user H04J2013/0081with FDM/FDMA H04J2013/0085with TDM/TDMA H04J2013/0088with FDM/FDMA and TDM/TDMA H04J2013/0092Delay multiplexing H04J2013/0096Network synchronisation H04J13/10Code generation H04J13/102Combining codes H04J13/105by extending H04J13/107by concatenation H04J13/12Generation of orthogonal codes H04J13/14Generation of codes with a zero correlation zone H04J13/16Code allocation H04J2013/165Joint allocation of code together with frequency or time H04J13/18Allocation of orthogonal codes H04J13/20having an orthogonal variable spreading factor [OVSF] H04J13/22Allocation of codes with a zero correlation zone H04J14/00Optical multiplex systems optical coupling, mixing or splitting, per se G02B H04J14/002Coherencemultiplexing H04J14/005Optical Code Multiplex H04J14/007Orthogonal Optical Code Multiplex H04J14/02Wavelength-division multiplex systems H04J14/0201Add-and-drop multiplexing H04J14/0202Arrangements therefor H04J14/0204Broadcast and select arrangements, e.g. with an optical splitter at the input before adding or dropping H04J14/0205Select and combine arrangements, e.g. with an optical combiner at the output after adding or dropping H04J14/0206Express channels arrangements H04J14/0208Interleaved arrangements H04J14/0209Multi-stage arrangements, e.g. by cascading multiplexers or demultiplexers H04J14/021Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] H04J14/0212using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS] H04J14/0213Groups of channels or wave bands arrangements H04J14/0215Architecture aspects H04J14/0216Bidirectional architectures H04J14/0217Multi-degree architectures, e.g. having a connection degree greater than two H04J14/0219Modular or upgradable architectures H04J14/022For interconnection of WDM optical networks H04J14/0221Power control, e.g. to keep the total optical power constant H04J14/0223Conversion to or from optical TDM H04J14/0224Irregular wavelength spacing, e.g. to accommodate interference to all wavelengths H04J14/0226Fixed carrier allocation, e.g. according to service H04J14/0227Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation H04J14/0228Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-all, e.g. broadcasting wavelengths H04J14/023in WDM passive optical networks [WDM-PON] H04J14/0232for downstream transmission H04J14/0234using multiple wavelengths H04J14/0235for upstream transmission H04J14/0236using multiple wavelengths H04J14/0238Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-many, e.g. multicasting wavelengths H04J14/0239in WDM-PON sharing multiple downstream wavelengths for groups of optical network units [ONU], e.g. multicasting wavelengths H04J14/0241Wavelength allocation for communications one-to-one, e.g. unicasting wavelengths H04J14/0242in WDM-PON H04J14/0245for downstream transmission, e.g. optical line terminal [OLT] to ONU H04J14/0246using one wavelength per ONU H04J14/0247Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs H04J14/0249for upstream transmission, e.g. ONU-to-OLT or ONU-to-ONU H04J14/025using one wavelength per ONU, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU H04J14/0252Sharing one wavelength for at least a group of ONUs, e.g. for transmissions from-ONU-to-OLT or from-ONU-to-ONU H04J2014/0253Allocation of downstream wavelengths for upstream transmission optical transmission using a single light source for multiple stations H04B10/2587 H04J14/0254Optical medium access H04J14/0256at the optical channel layer H04J14/0257Wavelength assignment algorithms H04J14/0258Wavelength identification or labelling H04J14/026using WDM channels of different transmission rates H04J14/0261at the optical multiplex section layer H04J14/0263Multiplex section layer wavelength assignment algorithms H04J14/0264Multiplex identification or labelling H04J14/0265Multiplex arrangements in bidirectional systems, e.g. interleaved allocation of wavelengths or allocation of wavelength groups H04J14/0267Optical signaling or routing routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks H04L45/00 H04J14/0268Restoration of optical paths, e.g. p-cycles route fault recovery of packets in data switching networks H04L45/28 H04J14/0269using tables for routing organization of routing tables of packets in data switching networks H04L45/54 H04J14/0271Impairment aware routing H04J14/0272Transmission of OAMP information using a supervisory or additional signal for monitoring of optical transmission parameters in general H04B10/077 H04J14/0273using optical overhead, e.g. overhead processing H04J14/0275using an optical service channel H04J14/0276using pilot tones H04J14/0278WDM optical network architectures H04J14/0279WDM point-to-point architectures H04J14/028WDM bus architectures H04J14/0282WDM tree architectures H04J14/0283WDM ring architectures H04J14/0284WDM mesh architectures H04J14/0286WDM hierarchical architectures H04J14/0287Protection in WDM systems H04J14/0289Optical multiplex section protection H04J14/029Dedicated protection at the optical multiplex section (1+1) H04J14/0291Shared protection at the optical multiplex section (1:1, n:m) H04J14/0293Optical channel protection H04J14/0294Dedicated protection at the optical channel (1+1) H04J14/0295Shared protection at the optical channel (1:1, n:m) H04J14/0297Optical equipment protection H04J14/0298with sub-carrier multiplexing [SCM] H04J14/04Mode multiplex systems H04J14/06Polarisation multiplex systems H04J14/08Time-division multiplex systems H04J14/083Add and drop multiplexing H04J14/086Medium access H04J3/16 takes precedence H04J99/00Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass H04J2203/00 H04J2203/00Aspects of optical multiplex systems other than those covered by H04J14/00 H04J2203/0001Provisions for broadband connections in integrated services digital network using frames of the Optical Transport Network [OTN] or using synchronous transfer mode [STM], e.g. SONET, SDH H04J2203/0003Switching fabrics, e.g. transport network, control network H04J2203/0005Switching elements H04J2203/0007Space switch details H04J2203/0008Time switch details H04J2203/001using a shared central buffer H04J2203/0012Switching modules and their interconnections H04J2203/0014Clos H04J2203/0016Crossbar H04J2203/0017Parallel switch planes H04J2203/0019Multicast/broadcast capabilities H04J2203/0021Control mechanisms H04J2203/0023Routing/path finding H04J2203/0025Peripheral units H04J2203/0026Physical details H04J2203/0028Local loop H04J2203/003Medium of transmission, e.g. fibre, cable, radio H04J2203/0032Fibre H04J2203/0033Metallic H04J2203/0035Radio H04J2203/0037Satellite H04J2203/0039Topology H04J2203/0041Star, e.g. cross-connect, concentrator, subscriber group equipment, remote electronics H04J2203/0042Ring H04J2203/0044Bus, e.g. DQDB H04J2203/0046User Network Interface H04J2203/0048Network termination, e.g. NT1, NT2, PBX H04J2203/005Terminal equipment, e.g. codecs, synch H04J2203/0051Network Node Interface, e.g. tandem connections, transit switching H04J2203/0053Routing H04J2203/0055Network design, dimensioning, topology or optimisation H04J2203/0057Operations, administration and maintenance [OAM] H04J2203/0058Network management, e.g. Intelligent nets H04J2203/006Fault tolerance and recovery H04J2203/0062Testing H04J2203/0064Admission Control H04J2203/0066Signalling, e.g. protocols, reference model H04J2203/0067Resource management and allocation H04J2203/0069Channel allocation H04J2203/0071Monitoring H04J2203/0073Services, e.g. multimedia, GOS, QOS H04J2203/0075Connection-oriented H04J2203/0076Channel characteristics, e.g. BER, error detection, error correction, delay, jitter H04J2203/0078Support of N-ISDN H04J2203/008Support of video H04J2203/0082Interaction of SDH with non-ATM protocols H04J2203/0083Support of the IP protocol H04J2203/0085Support of Ethernet H04J2203/0087Support of voice H04J2203/0089Multiplexing, e.g. coding, scrambling, SONET H04J2203/0091Time slot assignment H04J2203/0092Code Division Multiple Access [CDMA] H04J2203/0094Virtual Concatenation H04J2203/0096Serial Concatenation H04J2203/0098Traffic aspects, e.g. arbitration, load balancing, smoothing, buffer management H04J2211/00Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to orthogonal multiplex systems H04J2211/001using small cells within macro cells, e.g. femto, pico or microcells H04J2211/003within particular systems or standards H04J2211/005Long term evolution [LTE] H04J2211/006Single carrier frequency division multiple access [SC FDMA] H04J2211/008Interleaved frequency division multiple access [IFDMA]