H02H

EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS indicating or signalling undesired working conditions G01R, e.g. G01R31/00, G08B; locating faults along lines G01R31/08; emergency protective devices H01H

This subclass covers only circuit arrangements for the automatic protection of electric lines or electric machines or apparatus in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions

In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.

H02H1/00

Details of emergency protective circuit arrangements

H02H1/0007

concerning the detecting means in general G01R or other subclasses of G01; reed switches H01H71/2445

H02H1/0015

Using arc detectors

H02H1/0023

sensing non electrical parameters, e.g. by optical, pneumatic, thermal or sonic sensors

H02H1/003

Fault detection by injection of an auxiliary voltage same for detection of earth fault currents H02H3/17; for monitoring earth connection H02H5/105

H02H1/0038

concerning the connection of the detecting means, e.g. for reducing their number

H02H1/0046

Commutating the detecting means in dependance of the fault, e.g. for reducing their number

H02H1/0053

Means for storing the measured quantities during a predetermined time

H02H1/0061

concerning transmission of signals transmission of measured quantities or switching orders; sectionalised protection involving signal transmission between at least two stations H02H7/261; comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system H02H3/28; transferring the output of a sensing member to another variable G01D5/00; electrical measuring arrangements using modulation of electromagnetic waves, e.g. light beams G01R15/24, G01R15/26

H02H1/0069

by means of light or heat rays

H02H1/0076

by superposition on the watched current

H02H1/0084

by means of pilot wires or a telephone network; watching of these wires

H02H1/0092

concerning the data processing means, e.g. expert systems, neural networks

H02H1/04

Arrangements for preventing response to transient abnormal conditions, e.g. to lightning

or to short duration over voltage or oscillations; Damping the influence of dc component by short circuits in ac networks

H02H1/043

to inrush currents H02H1/046 takes precedence; differential protection of transformers H02H7/045

H02H1/046

upon detecting saturation of current transformers for differential protection H02H3/283

H02H1/06

Arrangements for supplying operative power

power supply arrangements in general G05F, H02M

H02H1/063

primary power being supplied by fault current

H02H1/066

and comprising a shunt regulator

H02H3/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems H02H7/00; systems for change-over to standby supply H02J9/00

; integrated protection for motors H02H7/0822

H02H3/003

responsive to reversal of power transmission direction reversal of direct current H02H3/18

H02H3/006

Calibration or setting of parameters

H02H3/02

Details

H02H3/021

concerning the disconnection itself, e.g. at a particular instant, particularly at zero value of current, disconnection in a predetermined order disconnection at zero value in general H03K17/18

H02H3/023

by short-circuiting

H02H3/025

Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection

H02H3/027

with automatic disconnection after a predetermined time H02H3/033, H02H3/06 take precedence

; timing in overcurrent protection circuits H02H3/093; in undervoltage protection circuits H02H3/247; staggered disconnection H02H7/30

H02H3/033

with several disconnections in a preferential order,

e.g. following priority of the users, load repartition

H02H3/06 takes precedence

H02H3/04

with warning or supervision in addition to disconnection, e.g. for indicating that protective apparatus has functioned

watching of pilot wires H02H1/0084; protection of protective arrangements H02H7/008; indication of the state of electronic switches H03K17/18

H02H3/042

combined with means for locating the fault locating faults in cables G01R31/08

H02H3/044

Checking correct functioning of protective arrangements, e.g. by simulating a fault for differential current circuit breakers H02H3/335

H02H3/046

Signalling the blowing of a fuse detecting non functioning of a lamp H05B47/20

H02H3/048

Checking overvoltage diverters

H02H3/05

with means for increasing reliability, e.g. redundancy arrangements

for logic circuits H03K19/003

H02H3/06

with automatic reconnection

H02H3/063

Details concerning the co-operation of many similar arrangements, e.g. in a network sectionalised protection H02H7/26

H02H3/066

Reconnection being a consequence of eliminating the fault which caused disconnection

H02H3/07

and with permanent disconnection after a predetermined number of reconnection cycles

H02H3/08

responsive to excess current responsive to abnormal temperature caused by excess current H02H5/04

H02H3/081

and depending on the direction

H02H3/083

for three-phase systems

H02H3/085

making use of a thermal sensor, e.g. thermistor, heated by the excess current also responsive to the temperature of the protected device H02H5/041, thermal images H02H6/00

H02H3/087

for dc applications

H02H3/093

with timing means

in general H02H3/027; thermal delay H02H3/085; timing means for undervoltage protection H02H3/247

H02H3/0935

the timing being determined by numerical means

H02H3/10

additionally responsive to some other abnormal electrical conditions

H02H3/105

responsive to excess current and fault current to earth

H02H3/12

responsive to underload or no-load

for motors H02H7/0827

H02H3/13

for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption

H02H3/14

responsive to occurrence of voltage on parts normally at earth potential

monitoring earth connection H02H5/105

H02H3/16

responsive to fault current to earth, frame or mass with balanced or differential arrangement H02H3/26

; monitoring earth connection H02H5/105

H02H3/162

for ac systems

H02H3/165

for three-phase systems

H02H3/167

combined with other earth-fault protective arrangements

H02H3/17

by means of an auxiliary voltage injected into the installation to be protected

using summation current transformers H02H3/33

H02H3/18

responsive to reversal of direct current

H02H3/20

responsive to excess voltage

H02H3/202

for dc systems

H02H3/205

using a spark-gap as detector

H02H3/207

also responsive to under-voltage window comparators for indication G01R19/165

H02H3/22

of short duration, e.g. lightning

H02H3/24

responsive to undervoltage or no-voltage

H02H3/207 takes precedence

H02H3/243

for DC systems

H02H3/247

having timing means

H02H3/253

for multiphase applications, e.g. phase interruption

H02H3/26

responsive to difference between voltages or between currents

responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents

H02H3/265

responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents

H02H3/28

involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus

for transformers H02H7/045

H02H3/283

and taking into account saturation of current transformers

H02H3/286

involving comparison of similar homopolar quantities

H02H3/30

using pilot wires or other signalling channel

H02H3/302

involving phase comparison

H02H3/305

involving current comparison

H02H3/307

involving comparison of quantities derived from a plurality of phases, e.g. homopolar quantities; using mixing transformers

H02H3/32

involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points in different conductors of a single system, e.g. of currents in go and return conductors

H02H3/325

involving voltage comparison H02H3/347 takes precedence

H02H3/33

using summation current transformers H02H3/347 takes precedence

H02H3/331

responsive to earthing of the neutral conductor H02H3/338 takes precedence

H02H3/332

with means responsive to dc component in the fault current

H02H3/334

with means to produce an artificial unbalance for other protection or monitoring reasons or remote control H02H3/338 takes precedence

H02H3/335

the main function being self testing of the device

H02H3/337

avoiding disconnection due to reactive fault currents

H02H3/338

also responsive to wiring error, e.g. loss of neutral, break

H02H3/34

of a three-phase system

H02H3/343

using phase sequence analysers

H02H3/347

using summation current transformers

H02H3/353

involving comparison of phase voltages

H02H3/36

involving comparison of the voltage or current values at corresponding points of different systems, e.g. of parallel feeder systems

H02H3/365

one of the systems simulating the other system

H02H3/38

responsive to both voltage and current

responsive to phase angle between voltage and current

H02H3/382

involving phase comparison between current and voltage or between values derived from current and voltage

H02H3/385

using at least one homopolar quantity

H02H3/387

using phase-sequence analysing arrangements

H02H3/40

responsive to ratio of voltage and current

H02H3/402

using homopolar quantities

H02H3/405

using phase sequence analysing arrangements

H02H3/407

using induction relays

H02H3/42

responsive to product of voltage and current

H02H3/422

using homopolar quantities

H02H3/425

using phase sequence analysing arrangements

H02H3/427

using induction relays

H02H3/44

responsive to the rate of change of electrical quantities

H02H3/445

of DC quantities

H02H3/46

responsive to frequency deviations

H02H3/48

responsive to loss of synchronism

H02H3/50

responsive to the appearance of abnormal wave forms, e.g. ac in dc installations

H02H3/52

responsive to the appearance of harmonics

H02H5/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal non-electric working conditions with or without subsequent reconnection using simulators of the apparatus being protected H02H6/00; specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems H02H7/00

H02H5/005

responsive to ionising radiation; Nuclear-radiation circumvention circuits radiation detectors G01T; nuclear-explosion detection G21J5/00

H02H5/04

responsive to abnormal temperature

specially adapted for electric machines H02H7/0852

H02H5/041

additionally responsive to excess current H02H5/048 takes precedence

H02H5/042

using temperature dependent resistors

H02H5/043

the temperature dependent resistor being disposed parallel to a heating wire, e.g. in a heating blanket

H02H5/044

using a semiconductor device to sense the temperature

H02H5/045

using a thermal radiation sensor

H02H5/046

using a thermocouple

H02H5/047

using a temperature responsive switch

H02H5/048

additionally responsive to excess current due to heating of the switch

H02H5/06

in oil-filled electric apparatus

H02H5/08

responsive to abnormal fluid pressure, liquid level or liquid displacement, e.g. Buchholz relays

H02H5/083

responsive to the entry or leakage of a liquid into an electrical appliance moisture alarm G08B21/20

H02H5/086

of cooling or lubricating fluids

H02H5/10

responsive to mechanical injury, e.g. rupture of line, breakage of earth connection

H02H5/105

responsive to deterioration or interruption of earth connection for preventing switching-on H02H11/001

H02H5/12

responsive to undesired approach to, or touching of, live parts by living beings

H02H6/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements responsive to undesired changes from normal non-electric working conditions using simulators of the apparatus being protected, e.g. using thermal images

H02H6/005

using digital thermal images

H02H7/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus and their protection without automatic disconnection, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus

H02H7/001

for superconducting apparatus, e.g. coils, lines, machines

H02H7/003

for electrostatic apparatus

H02H7/005

for remote controlled apparatus; for lines connecting such apparatus

H02H7/006

for non-insulated low-voltage distribution systems, e.g. low-voltage halogen-lamp system

H02H7/008

for protective arrangements according to this subclass H02H9/042, H02H9/043 take precedence; protection of spark-gaps H02H7/24

H02H7/04

for transformers

H02H7/042

for current transformers

H02H7/045

Differential protection of transformers

H02H7/0455

taking into account saturation of current transformers

H02H7/05

for capacitive voltage transformers, e.g. against resonant conditions

H02H7/055

for tapped transformers or tap-changing means thereof

H02H7/06

for dynamo-electric generators

for synchronous capacitors

H02H7/062

for parallel connected generators

H02H7/065

against excitation faults

H02H7/067

on occurrence of a load dump control on sudden change of load H02P9/10

H02H7/08

for dynamo-electric motors

H02H7/0805

for synchronous motors

H02H7/0811

for dc motors H02H7/0833 takes precedence

H02H7/0816

concerning the starting sequence, e.g. limiting the number of starts per time unit, monitoring speed during starting

H02H7/0822

Integrated protection, motor control centres

H02H7/0827

responsive to underload or no-load, e.g. pump-off control circuits for pump motors

H02H7/0833

for electric motors with control arrangements

H02H7/0838

with H-bridge circuit

H02H7/0844

Fail safe control, e.g. by comparing control signal and controlled current, isolating motor on commutation error

H02H7/085

against excessive load

H02H6/00 takes precedence

H02H7/0851

for motors actuating a movable member between two end positions, e.g. detecting an end position or obstruction by overload signal

H02H7/0852

directly responsive to abnormal temperature by using a temperature sensor in a control circuit H02H7/0833

H02H7/0853

specially adapted for motors rotating in both directions H02H7/0851 takes precedence

H02H7/0854

responsive to rate of change of current, couple or speed, e.g. anti-kickback protection H02H7/0851 takes precedence

H02H7/0855

avoiding response to transient overloads, e.g. during starting

H02H7/0856

characterised by the protection measure taken

H02H7/0857

by lowering the mechanical load of the motor

H02H7/0858

by reversing, cycling or reducing the power supply to the motor

H02H7/0859

avoiding restarting after fault condition has disappeared

H02H7/09

against over-voltage

against reduction of voltage

against phase interruption

H02H7/093

against increase beyond, or decrease below, a predetermined level of rotational speed centrifugal switches H01H35/10

H02H7/097

against wrong direction of rotation

H02H7/10

for converters

for rectifiers

forming part of the control circuit of the converter, see the relevant group in H02M

H02H7/103

for rotating converters

H02H7/106

for dynamic converters

H02H7/12

for static converters or rectifiers

for discharge lamp power supplies using static converters H05B41/2851, H05B41/2921, H05B41/2981

H02H7/1203

Circuits independent of the type of conversion

H02H7/1206

specially adapted to conversion cells composed of a plurality of parallel or serial connected elements

H02H7/1209

for converters using only discharge tubes

H02H7/1213

for DC-DC converters

H02H7/1216

for AC-AC converters

H02H7/122

for inverters, i.e. dc/ac converters

H02H7/1222

responsive to abnormalities in the input circuit, e.g. transients in the DC input

H02H7/1225

responsive to internal faults, e.g. shoot-through avoiding shoot-through H02M1/38

H02H7/1227

responsive to abnormalities in the output circuit, e.g. short circuit

H02H7/125

for rectifiers

H02H7/1252

responsive to overvoltage in input or output, e.g. by load dump

H02H7/1255

responsive to internal faults, e.g. by monitoring ripple in output voltage

H02H7/1257

responsive to short circuit or wrong polarity in output circuit

H02H7/127

having auxiliary control electrode to which blocking control voltages or currents are applied in case of emergency

H02H7/16

for capacitors for synchronous capacitors H02H7/06

H02H7/18

for batteries

for accumulators

H02H7/20

for electronic equipment for converters H02H7/10; for electric measuring instruments G01R1/36; for dc voltage or current semiconductor regulators G05F1/569; for amplifiers H03F1/52; for electronic switching circuits H03K17/08

H02H7/205

for controlled semi-conductors which are not included in a specific circuit arrangement

H02H7/22

for distribution gear, e.g. bus-bar systems

for switching devices

detecting mechanical or electrical defects in gas-insulated switchgears H02B13/065

H02H7/222

for switches

H02H7/224

Anti-pump circuits

H02H7/226

for wires or cables, e.g. heating wires

H02H7/228

for covered wires or cables

H02H7/24

for spark-gap arresters

H02H7/26

Sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, e.g. for disconnecting a section on which a short-circuit, earth fault, or arc discharge has occured locating faults in cables G01R31/08

H02H7/261

involving signal transmission between at least two stations transmission of signals in general H02H1/0061

H02H7/262

involving transmissions of switching or blocking orders

H02H7/263

involving transmissions of measured values comparison of currents or voltages using pilot wires H02H3/30

H02H7/265

making use of travelling wave theory

H02H7/266

involving switching on a spare supply in general H02J9/00

H02H7/267

for parallel lines and wires

H02H7/268

for dc systems

H02H7/28

for meshed systems

H02H7/30

Staggered disconnection

H02H9/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection structural association of protective devices with specific machines or apparatus, see the relevant subclass for the machine or apparatus

H02H9/001

limiting speed of change of electric quantities, e.g. soft switching on or off progressive control of electronic switches for eliminating interferences H03K17/16

H02H9/002

limiting inrush current on switching on of inductive loads subjected to remanence, e.g. transformers

H02H9/004

in connection with live-insertion of plug-in units involving communication with a central processing unit G06F13/40

H02H9/005

avoiding undesired transient conditions

H02H9/007

avoiding or damping oscillations, e.g. fenoresonance or travelling waves

H02H9/008

Intrinsically safe circuits

H02H9/02

responsive to excess current

current limitation for voltage regulators G05F1/573; disconnection after limiting H02H3/025

H02H9/021

Current limitation using saturable reactors H02H9/023 takes precedence

H02H9/023

Current limitation using superconducting elements

H02H9/025

Current limitation using field effect transistors

H02H9/026

Current limitation using PTC resistors, i.e. resistors with a large positive temperature coefficient

H02H9/028

Current limitation by detuning a series resonant circuit H02H9/021, H02H9/023 take precedence

H02H9/04

responsive to excess voltage lightning arrestors H01C7/12, H01C8/04, H01G9/18, H01T

H02H9/041

using a short-circuiting device

H02H9/042

comprising means to limit the absorbed power or indicate damaged over-voltage protection device

H02H9/043

Protection of over-voltage protection device by short-circuiting

H02H9/044

Physical layout, materials not provided for elsewhere varistors H01C7/12; spark-gaps H01T; Ovshinsky devices H10N70/00

H02H9/045

adapted to a particular application and not provided for elsewhere

H02H9/046

responsive to excess voltage appearing at terminals of integrated circuits protection by specific structural integration design H01L27/0248

H02H9/047

Free-wheeling circuits

H02H9/048

Anti-latching or quenching devices, i.e. bringing the protection device back to its normal state after a protection action

H02H9/049

Circuit arrangements for limiting the number of protection devices

H02H9/06

using spark-gap arresters

H02H9/08

Limitation or suppression of earth fault currents, e.g. Petersen coil

H02H11/00

Emergency protective circuit arrangements for preventing the switching-on in case an undesired electric working condition might result

H02H11/001

in case of incorrect or interrupted earth connection disconnection by breaking of earth connection H02H5/105

H02H11/002

in case of inverted polarity or connection; with switching for obtaining correct connection

H02H11/003

using a field effect transistor as protecting element in one of the supply lines

H02H11/004

in case of incorrect phase sequence; with switching for obtaining correct phase sequence protection of motors against wrong direction of rotation H02H7/097

H02H11/005

in case of too low isolation resistance, too high load, short-circuit; earth fault

H02H11/006

in case of too high or too low voltage

H02H11/007

involving automatic switching for adapting the protected apparatus to the supply voltage

H02H11/008

preventing unsafe switching operations in substations (Schaltfehlerschutz)

H02H99/00

Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass