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130 lines
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<class-scheme publication-date="2023-02-01" scheme-type="cpc" publication-type="official">
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="2" additional-only="false" sort-key="F" date-revised="2019-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-05-01"><title-part><text>MECHANICAL ENGINEERING</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIGHTING</text></title-part><title-part><text>HEATING</text></title-part><title-part><text>WEAPONS</text></title-part><title-part><text>BLASTING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph><u>Guide to the use of this subsection (classes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>)</u> <br/>The following notes are meant to assist in the use of this part of the classification scheme. <subnote type="number"><note-paragraph> In this subsection, subclasses or groups designating "engines" or "pumps" cover methods of operating the same, unless otherwise specifically provided for. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> In this subsection, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph> "engine" means a device for continuously converting fluid energy into mechanical power. Thus, this term includes, for example, steam piston engines or steam turbines, <u>per se</u>, or internal-combustion piston engines, but it excludes single-stroke devices. "Engine" also includes the fluid-motive portion of a meter unless such portion is particularly adapted for use in a meter; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "pump" means a device for continuously raising, forcing, compressing, or exhausting fluid by mechanical or other means. <subnote><note-paragraph> Thus, this term includes fans or blowers; </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "machine" means a device which could equally be an engine and a pump, and not a device which is restricted to an engine or one which is restricted to a pump;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, in which variations of volume created by the working fluid in a working chamber produce equivalent displacements of the mechanical member transmitting the energy, the dynamic effect of the fluid being of minor importance, and <u>vice versa</u>; <br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "non-positive displacement" means the way the energy of a working fluid is transformed into mechanical energy, by transformation of the energy of the working fluid into kinetic energy, and <u>vice versa</u>;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "oscillating-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member oscillates. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "rotary-piston machine" means a positive-displacement machine in which a fluid-engaging work-transmitting member rotates about a fixed axis or about an axis moving along a circular or similar orbit. This definition applies also to engines and pumps;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "rotary piston" means the work-transmitting member of a rotary-piston machine and may be of any suitable form, e.g., like a toothed gear;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "cooperating members" means the "oscillating piston" or "rotary piston" and another member, e.g., the working-chamber wall, which assists in the driving or pumping action;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"movement of the co-operating members" is to be interpreted as relative, so that one of the "co-operating members" may be stationary, even though reference may be made to its rotational axis, or both may move; </note-paragraph> <note-paragraph> "teeth or tooth equivalents" include lobes, projections or abutments;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "internal-axis type" means that the rotational axes of the inner and outer co-operating members remain at all times within the outer member, e.g., in a similar manner to that of a pinion meshing with the internal teeth of a ring gear;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "free piston" means a piston of which the length of stroke is not defined by any member driven thereby;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> cylinders" means positive-displacement working chambers in general. Thus, this term is not restricted to cylinders of circular cross-section;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> main shaft" means the shaft which converts reciprocating piston motion into rotary motion or <u>vice versa</u>;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "plant" means an engine together with such additional apparatus as is necessary to run the engine. For example, a steam engine plant includes a steam engine and means for generating the steam;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "working fluid" means the driven fluid in a pump or the driving fluid in an engine. The working fluid can be in a compressible, gaseous state, called elastic fluid, e.g. steam; in a liquid state; or in a state where there is coexistence of an elastic fluid and liquid phase. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "steam" includes condensable vapours in general, and "special vapour" is used when steam is excluded;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "reaction type" as applied to non-positive-displacement machines or engines means machines or engines in which pressure/velocity transformation takes place wholly or partly in the rotor. Machines or engines with no, or only slight, pressure/velocity transformation in the rotor are called "impulse type". </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subsection: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph> cyclically operating valves, lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling are classified in subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01M</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01N</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01P</class-ref> irrespective of their stated application, unless their classifying features are peculiar to their application, in which case they are classified only in the relevant subclass of classes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>- <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>;<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> lubricating, gas-flow silencers or exhaust apparatus, or cooling of machines or engines are classified in subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01M</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01N</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01P</class-ref> except for those peculiar to steam engines which are classified in subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref>. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> For use of this subsection with a good understanding, it is essential to remember, so far as subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref>, and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D</class-ref>, which form its skeleton, are concerned: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>the principle which resides in their elaboration </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>the classifying characteristics which they call for, and </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>their complementarity<subnote type="roman"><note-paragraph><u>Principle</u> <subnote><note-paragraph> This concerns essentially the subclasses listed above. Other subclasses, notably those of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02</class-ref>, which cover better-defined matter, are not considered here.<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Each subclass covers fundamentally a genus of apparatus (engine or pump) and by extension covers equally "machines" of the same kind. Two different subjects, one having a more general character than the other, are thus covered by the same subclass.<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref>, beyond the two subjects which they cover, have further a character of generality in relation to other subclasses concerning the different species of apparatus in the genus concerned.<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> This generality applies as well for the two subjects dealt with, without these always being in relation to the same subclasses.<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Thus, subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref>, in its part dealing with "machines", should be considered as being the general class relating to subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref>, and in its part dealing with "engines" as being general in relation to subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref>.<br/> </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph><u>Characteristics</u> <subnote type="alpha"><note-paragraph>The principal classifying characteristic of the subclass is that of genera of apparatus, of which there are three possible: <subnote><note-paragraph>Machines; engines; pumps.</note-paragraph></subnote> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>As stated above, "machines" are always associated with one of the other two genera.These main genera are subdivided according to the general principles of operation of the apparatus: <subnote><note-paragraph>Positive displacement; non-positive displacement.</note-paragraph></subnote> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>The positive displacement apparatus are further subdivided according to the ways of putting into effect the principle of operation, that is, to the kind of apparatus: <subnote><note-paragraph>Simple reciprocating piston; rotary or oscillating piston; other kind.</note-paragraph></subnote> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Another classifying characteristic is that of the working fluid, in respect of which three kinds of apparatus are possible, namely: <subnote><note-paragraph>Liquid and elastic fluid; elastic fluid; liquid.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph><u>Complementarity</u> <subnote><note-paragraph>This resides in association of pairs of the subclasses listed above, according to the characteristics under consideration in respect of kind of apparatus or working fluid.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>The subclasses concerned with the various principles, characteristics and complementarity are shown in the following table:</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></subnote><pre> <br/>______________________________________________________________________ <br/> Kind positive non- Working fluid Relations <br/> of ____________________ posi- ______________________ of gene- <br/> dis- rotary tive rality in <br/> place- reci- or os- liquid respect <br/> ment pro- cillat- and of kind <br/> cating ing elastic elastic of dis- <br/> piston piston other fluid fluid liquid placement <br/>______________________________________________________________________ <br/> MACHINES <br/>__________ <br/> X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref> <br/> X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref> <br/> X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref> <br/> X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref> <br/> X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref> <br/> X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref> <br/> ENGINES <br/>__________ <br/> X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref> <br/> X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref> <br/> X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref> <br/> X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref> <br/> X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref> <br/> PUMPS <br/>__________ <br/> X X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref> <br/> X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref> <br/> X X X X <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D</class-ref> <br/>______________________________________________________________________ <br/></pre>It is seen from the table that : <br/>- For the same kind of apparatus in a given genus, the characteristic of "working fluid" associates: <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref> ) <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref> ) Machines <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref> ) <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref> ) <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref> ) Engines <br/> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref> ) <br/>- For the same kind of working fluid, the "apparatus" characteristic relates subclasses in the same way as considerations of relative generality.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="3" additional-only="false" sort-key="F01" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ENGINES OR PUMPS</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F01" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>STEAM ENGINES</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01B.xml" sort-key="F01B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES </text><reference><text>of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref>; of non-positive-displacement type <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref>; internal-combustion aspects of reciprocating-piston engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B57/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B59/00</class-ref>; crankshafts, crossheads, connecting-rods <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16C</class-ref>; flywheels <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F</class-ref>; gearings for interconverting rotary motion and reciprocating motion in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H</class-ref>; pistons, piston rods, cylinders, for engines in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16J</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u>, with the exception of the matter provided for in subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01P</class-ref> : <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam engines; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>engines for liquids and elastic fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>machines for elastic fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>machines for liquids and elastic fluids.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the note preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definitions of "steam" and "special vapour".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01C.xml" sort-key="F01C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ROTARY-PISTON OR OSCILLATING-PISTON MACHINES OR ENGINES </text><reference><text>internal-combustion aspects <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B53/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B55/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u>: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines for liquids and elastic fluids: </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for elastic fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>rotary-piston or oscillating-piston machines for liquids and elastic fluids.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"rotary-piston machine" includes the German expressions "Drehkolbenmaschinen", "Kreiskolbenmaschinen" and "Umlaufkolbenmaschinen".</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definitions of "rotary-piston machine", "oscillating-piston machine", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal-axis".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01D.xml" sort-key="F01D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES </text><reference><text>machines or engines for liquids <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03</class-ref>; non-positive displacement pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u>: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>non-positive-displacement engines for elastic fluids, e.g. steam turbines; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>non-positive-displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>non-positive-displacement machines for elastic fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>non-positive-displacement machines for liquids and elastic fluids.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definitions of "reaction type", e.g. with airfoil-like blades, and "impulse type", e.g. bucket turbines.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01K.xml" sort-key="F01K" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01K</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>STEAM ENGINE PLANTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>STEAM ACCUMULATORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part><title-part><text>ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES </text><reference><text>gas-turbine or jet-propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02</class-ref>; nuclear power plants, engine arrangements therein <class-ref scheme="cpc">G21D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definitions of "steam" and "special vapour".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01L.xml" sort-key="F01L" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01L</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L1/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L13/00</class-ref> cover only valve-gear or valve arrangements without provision for variable fluid distribution.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Valve gear or valve arrangements specially adapted for steam engines are covered by groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L15/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L35/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Valve-gear arrangements specially adapted for machines or engines with variable working-fluid distribution are covered by groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L15/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L35/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially Note (3).</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>As regards the above-mentioned Note (3), attention is drawn to <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B3/10</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B15/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C21/18</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B53/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/08</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B1/18</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B7/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B39/08</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B39/10</class-ref>, and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C15/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C29/12</class-ref>. </note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F01L31/20</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/08</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/18</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F01L31/22</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/08</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/18</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F01L31/24</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/08</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L31/18</class-ref> </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01M.xml" sort-key="F01M" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01M</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>CRANKCASE VENTILATING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, specially as regards Note (3).</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01N.xml" sort-key="F01N" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01N</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES </text><reference><CPC-specific-text><text>evacuation of fumes from the area where they are produced <class-ref scheme="cpc">B08B15/00</class-ref>; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on percussive tools <class-ref scheme="cpc">B25D17/12</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text> ; arrangements in connection with gas exhaust of propulsion units in vehicles <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K13/00</class-ref>, </text><CPC-specific-text><text>on ships or other waterborne vessels <class-ref scheme="cpc">B63H21/32</class-ref>, on aircraft <class-ref scheme="cpc">B64D33/04</class-ref>; arrangement of exhaust or silencing apparatus on firearms <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41A21/30</class-ref>; ground installations for reducing aircraft engine or jet noise <class-ref scheme="cpc">B64F1/26</class-ref>; silencers specially adapted for steam engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B31/16</class-ref>; air-intake silencers for gas turbine or jet propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C7/045</class-ref>; jet pipe or nozzles for jet propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text> ; combustion-air intake silencers specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02M35/00</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>combating noise or silencing in positive displacement machines or pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B39/0027</class-ref>, in rotary-piston machines or pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C29/06</class-ref>, in non-positive displacement pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D29/66</class-ref>; means in valves for absorbing noise <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K47/02</class-ref>; noise absorbers in pipe system <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/02</class-ref>; conducting smoke or fumes from various locations to the outside <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23J11/00</class-ref>; means for preventing or suppressing noise in air-conditioning or ventilation systems <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F13/24</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text> ; protecting against, or damping, noise in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">G10K11/16</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding Class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards Note 2(b).</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F01P.xml" sort-key="F01P" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F01P</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES </text><reference><text>arrangements in connection with cooling of propulsion units in vehicles <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K11/00</class-ref>; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials <class-ref scheme="cpc">C09K5/00</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>cooling of gas-turbine engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C7/12</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; heat exchange in general, radiators <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"air" also includes other gaseous cooling fluids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"liquid cooling" also includes cooling where liquid is used as the heat transferring fluid between parts to be cooled and the air, e.g. using radiators; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"air cooling" means direct air cooling and thus excludes indirect air cooling occurring in liquid cooling systems as explained herefore; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"cooling-air" includes directly or indirectly acting cooling-air.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards Note (3).</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Cooling by lubricant is classified in subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01M</class-ref> when the lubrication aspect predominates and in subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01P</class-ref> when the cooling aspect predominates.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F02" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02B.xml" sort-key="F02B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL </text><reference><text>gas-turbine plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C</class-ref>; hot-gas or combustion-product positive-displacement engine plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02G</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"positive ignition" means ignition by a source external to the working fluid, e.g. by spark or incandescent source;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"charging" means forcing air or fuel-air mixture into engine cylinders, and thus includes supercharging;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"scavenging" means forcing the combustion residues from the cylinders other than by movement of the working pistons, and thus includes tuned exhaust systems.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards Note (1).</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Engines with specified cycles or number of cylinders are classified in group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B75/02</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B75/16</class-ref>, unless other classifying features predominate. </note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02C.xml" sort-key="F02C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>GAS-TURBINE PLANTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS </text><reference><text>construction of turbines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D</class-ref>; jet-propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K</class-ref>; construction of compressors or fans <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>; gas-turbine combustion chambers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23R</class-ref>; using gas turbines in compression refrigeration plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25B11/00</class-ref>; using gas-turbine plants in vehicles, see the relevant vehicle classes</text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u>: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>combustion product or hot gas turbine plants; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>internal combustion turbines or turbine plants; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>turbine plants in which the working fluid is an unheated, pressurised gas.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u>: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>steam turbine plants, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K</class-ref>; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>special vapour plants, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K</class-ref>. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note> combined cycle plants, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K23/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"gas-turbine plants" covers all the subject matter of Note (1) above and covers also features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02D.xml" sort-key="F02D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2022-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-01-01"><title-part><text>CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES </text><reference><text>vehicle fittings, acting on a single sub-unit only, for automatically controlling vehicle speed <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K31/00</class-ref>; conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function, road vehicle drive control systems for purposes other than the control of a single sub-unit <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60W</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following term or expression is used with the meanings indicated:<subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"fuel injection" means the introduction of a combustible substance into a space, e.g. cylinder, by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump, continuously or cyclically acting behind the substance;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"supercharging" means supplying to the working space, e.g. cylinder, combustion-air pressurised by means of a pressure source, e.g. a pump.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, electrical aspects of control arrangements are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02D41/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02D45/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02F.xml" sort-key="F02F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> In considering the relationship between class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16</class-ref> and subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02F</class-ref>, class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16</class-ref> will take precedence unless the subject-matter is specific to combustion engines. </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02G.xml" sort-key="F02G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS </text><reference><text>steam engine plants, special vapour plants, plants operating on either hot gas or combustion-product gases together with other fluid <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K</class-ref>; gas-turbine plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C</class-ref>; jet-propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02K.xml" sort-key="F02K" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2022-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02K</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-01-01"><title-part><text>JET-PROPULSION PLANTS </text><reference><text>features of jet-propulsion plants common to gas-turbine plants, air intakes or fuel supply control of air-breathing jet-propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C7/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C9/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"jet-propulsion plants" means plants using combustion to produce a fluid stream from which a propulsive thrust on the plant is obtained on the reaction principle.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>"jet-pipe" means the exhaust duct of a jet engine that carries the exhaust to the nozzle.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02M.xml" sort-key="F02M" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02M</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-02-01"><title-part><text>SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"Carburettors" means essentially apparatus for mixing fuel with air, the fuel being brought into mixing contact with the air by lowering the air pressure, e.g. in a venturi; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Fuel injection apparatus" means apparatus for introducing fuel into a space, e.g. engine cylinder, by pressurising the fuel, e.g. by a pump acting behind the fuel, and thus embraces the so-called "solid fuel injection" in which liquid fuel is introduced without any admixture of gas; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Low-pressure fuel injection" means fuel injection in which the fuel-air mixture containing fuel thus injected will be substantially compressed in the compression stroke of the engine; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Pumping element" means a single piston-cylinder unit in a reciprocating-piston fuel-injection pump or the equivalent unit in any other type of fuel-injection pump.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02N.xml" sort-key="F02N" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02N</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>STARTING OF COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>STARTING AIDS FOR SUCH ENGINES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>The starting of engines which are not explicitly stated to be combustion engines will be classified in this subclass insofar as their starting is equivalent to that of combustion engines.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F02P.xml" sort-key="F02P" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F02P</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES</text></title-part><title-part><text>TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES </text><reference><CPC-specific-text><text>anti-pollution means for internal-combustion engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B17/00</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; specially adapted for rotary-piston or oscillating-piston engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02B53/12</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>ignition of gas turbine plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C7/26</class-ref>; ignition of jet propulsion plants <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K9/95</class-ref>; starting of combustion engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02N9/00</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; ignition of combustion apparatus in general, glowing plugs <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23Q</class-ref>; measuring of physical variables in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">G01</class-ref>; controlling in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05</class-ref>; data processing in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">G06</class-ref>; electrical components in general <u>see</u> Section <class-ref scheme="cpc">H</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>ignition coils <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01F38/12</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; sparking plugs <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01T13/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F03" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS</text></title-part><title-part><text>WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F03B.xml" sort-key="F03B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS </text><reference><text>positive-displacement engines for liquid <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref>; machines for liquids and gases <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>; positive-displacement machines for liquids <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>, rotary fluid gearing of the hydrokinetic type <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H41/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding Class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definition of "reaction type".</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>This subclass comprises: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>engines, other than of positive-displacement type, driven by liquids; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>machines, other than of positive-displacement type, for liquids.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F03C.xml" sort-key="F03C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINES DRIVEN BY LIQUIDS </text><reference><text>positive- displacement engines for liquids and elastic fluids <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>; positive- displacement machines for liquids <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>; fluid-pressure actuators <class-ref scheme="cpc">F15B</class-ref>; fluid gearing <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the meanings of "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary-piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents", and "internal axis".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <br/><table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/253</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/06</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/28</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0406</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0605</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/30</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0409</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0631</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0668</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/32</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0415</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0626</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0652</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/34</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0435</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0615</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0655</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/36</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0435</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0615</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0655</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/38</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0435</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0615</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0655</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F03C1/40</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0447</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C1/0678</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F03D.xml" sort-key="F03D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>WIND MOTORS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>covers</u> wind motors, i.e. mechanisms for converting the energy of wind into useful mechanical power, and the transmission of such power to its point of use.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>does not cover</u> electrical power generation or distribution aspects of wind-power plants, which are covered by section <class-ref scheme="cpc">H</class-ref>, e.g. <class-ref scheme="cpc">H02J</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">H02P</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph> "rotor" means the wind-engaging parts of the wind motor and the rotary member carrying them;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "rotation axis" means the axis of rotation of the rotor.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F03G.xml" sort-key="F03G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>MECHANICAL-POWER PRODUCING DEVICES OR MECHANISMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR OR USING ENERGY SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR </text><reference><text>arrangements in connection with power supply in vehicles from force of nature <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K16/00</class-ref>; electric propulsion with power supply in vehicles from force of nature <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60L8/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"motors" means mechanisms for producing mechanical power from potential energy of solid bodies.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F03H.xml" sort-key="F03H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F03H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>PRODUCING A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR </text><reference><text>from combustion products <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F04" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F04</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS</text></title-part><title-part><text>PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Combinations of positive-displacement and non-positive displacement pumps are classified in subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref> as a general subclass for pumps and in subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D</class-ref> in respect of matter specific to these subclasses.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F04B.xml" sort-key="F04B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F04B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-01-01"><title-part><text>POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS</text></title-part><title-part><text>PUMPS </text><reference><text>machines for liquids, or pumps, of rotary-piston or oscillating-piston type <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04C</class-ref>; non-positive-displacement pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D</class-ref>; pumping of fluid by direct contact of another fluid or by using inertia of fluid to be pumped <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04F</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"piston" also covers a plunger.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes following the titles of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">B81</class-ref> and subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">B81B</class-ref> relating to "microstructural devices" and "microstructural systems".</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definitions of "machines", "pumps", and "positive displacement".</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Machines, pumps or pumping installations having flexible working members are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B43/00</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B45/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F04B35/02</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B9/08</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F04C.xml" sort-key="F04C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F04C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS </text><reference><text>engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03C</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>ROTARY-PISTON, OR OSCILLATING-PISTON, POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref> especially as regards the definitions of "machines", "pumps", "positive displacement", "rotary-piston machines", "oscillating-piston machines", "rotary piston", "co-operating members", "movement of co-operating members", "teeth or tooth-equivalents" and "internal axis".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F04D.xml" sort-key="F04D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F04D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS </text><reference><text>engine fuel-injection pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02M</class-ref>; ion pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01J41/12</class-ref>; electrodynamic pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">H02K44/02</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> non-positive-displacement pumps for liquids, for elastic fluids, or for liquids and elastic fluids whether rotary or not having pure rotation.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u> combinations of non-positive-displacement pumps with other pumps, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref>, except that the use of such other pumps for priming or boosting non-positive-displacement is covered by this subclass.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the Notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>, especially as regards the definition of "pump".</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F04F.xml" sort-key="F04F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F04F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-08-01"><title-part><text>PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>evacuating by sorption <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part><title-part><text>SIPHONS </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>conveying materials in bulk by flows of gas, liquid of foam <class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G53/00</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the notes preceding class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Combinations of pumps belonging to this subclass with other pumps are only classified in this subclass if such other pumps are fore pumps of diffusion pumps.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F05" date-revised="2013-11-05" status="published"><classification-symbol>F05</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref></text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F05B.xml" sort-key="F05B" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2020-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F05B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-08-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03D</class-ref> AND <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03G</class-ref></text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F05C.xml" sort-key="F05C" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F05C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only. </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F05D.xml" sort-key="F05D" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F05D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="3" additional-only="false" sort-key="F15" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F15</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ENGINEERING IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F15" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F15</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F15B.xml" sort-key="F15B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F15B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-01-01"><title-part><text>SYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meaning stated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"Telemotor" means a system or device in which a substantially constant amount of fluid is trapped between an input member and an output member to act as a fluid link; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Servomotor" means a fluid-pressure actuator, e.g. a piston and cylinder, directly controlled by a valve or other device which is responsive to operation of an initial controlling member; "Servomotor" does not cover a telemotor. The initial controlling member may be adjacent to the servomotor or at a distance, and may be, for example a hand lever. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F15C.xml" sort-key="F15C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F15C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>FLUID-CIRCUIT ELEMENTS PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR COMPUTING OR CONTROL PURPOSES </text><reference><text>transducers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F15B5/00</class-ref>, </text><CPC-specific-text><text><class-ref scheme="cpc">F15B21/00</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; fluid dynamics in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">F15D</class-ref>; computer comprising fluid elements <class-ref scheme="cpc">G06D</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G06G</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>electric control by means of electro-hydraulic or electro-pneumatic amplifiers <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05B7/02</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F15D.xml" sort-key="F15D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F15D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>FLUID DYNAMICS, i.e. METHODS OR MEANS FOR INFLUENCING THE FLOW OF GASES OR LIQUIDS </text><reference><CPC-specific-text><text>nozzles, spray heads <class-ref scheme="cpc">B05B</class-ref>; devices to decrease friction or resistance or to increase speed of ships <class-ref scheme="cpc">B63B</class-ref>; ship rudders <class-ref scheme="cpc">B63H25/38</class-ref>; influencing the flow or the viscosity of fluids with chemical additives <class-ref scheme="cpc">C09K3/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C10M</class-ref>; hydraulic engineering <class-ref scheme="cpc">E02B</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; fluid circuit elements <class-ref scheme="cpc">F15C</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>one-way check valves <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K15/00</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass comprises boundary-layer control and other arrangements and methods, not provided for in other classes, for influencing the flow of fluids relative to constraining surfaces and after leaving these surfaces, e.g. producing or removing turbulence, deflecting jets, guiding flow through bends in conduits, affecting distribution of fluid in a conduit, reducing fluid friction.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F16" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS</text></title-part><title-part><text>GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS</text></title-part><title-part><text>THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16B.xml" sort-key="F16B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS, WEDGES, JOINTS OR JOINTING </text><reference><text>couplings for transmitting rotation <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to: <subnote type="alpha"><note-paragraph>the Note following group <class-ref scheme="cpc">E04B1/38</class-ref>;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A44B</class-ref></entry><entry>Buckles, slide fasteners</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A47G3/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Ornamental heads for nails, screws, or the like</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B42F3/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Means, not using staples, for attaching sheets temporarily together</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">C14B17/08</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Fastening devices, e.g. clips for leather-stretching used in apparatus or machines for manufacturing or treating skins, hides, leathers or furs</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E01B9/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Screws or bolts for railway sleepers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E01B11/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Rail joints</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04</class-ref></entry><entry>Connections for building</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04D13/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Clamping means for down pipes for roof drainage</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04G5/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Fastening scaffolds against buildings</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04G7/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Scaffolding couplings</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05C</class-ref></entry><entry>Bolts for fasteners for wings, specially for doors or windows</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16C29/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Locking bearings for parts moving only linearly</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16G17/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Hooks as integral parts of chains</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L</class-ref></entry><entry>Pipe joints</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L3/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Supports for pipes, cables or protective tubing, e.g. hangers, holders, clamps, cleats, clips, brackets</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L33/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Clips for connecting hoses to rigid members</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H01F7/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Magnetic holding devices</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02N13/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Electrostatic holding devices.</entry></row></table></note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B2/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B47/00</class-ref> take precedence over group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B1/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this main group, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B2200/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B7/08</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B5/12</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B7/04</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L3/00</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B7/12</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B7/105</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B13/13</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B13/002</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B13/12</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B25/02</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/103</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B25/04</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/106</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B25/06</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/106</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B25/08</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B25/106</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16B37/10</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B37/0842</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B37/0871</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16C.xml" sort-key="F16C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SHAFTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>FLEXIBLE SHAFTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>BEARINGS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"rotary bodies other than gearing elements" covers any element which rotates so far as its features are affected only by the fact that it rotates.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01B71/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings for agricultural machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21B31/07</class-ref></entry><entry> Adaptation of roll bearings for metal-rolling mills </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61C17/10</class-ref></entry><entry> Connecting-rods, bearings for driving wheels of railway locomotives </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61F15/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Axle-boxes for railway vehicles </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62K21/06</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings for steering heads </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E06B9/174</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">E06B9/50</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings specially adapted for roller shutters or for roller blinds </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B10/22</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings for drill bits </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01C21/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangement of bearings in rotary-piston machines or engines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D25/16</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangement of bearings in non-positive displacement machines or engines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02C7/06</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangement of bearings in gas-turbine plants </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01C19/16</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings for gyroscopes </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01D11/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings or suspensions for moving parts of measuring instruments </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01G21/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangements of bearings in weighing apparatus </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01R1/10</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangements of bearings in instruments for measuring electric variables </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01R11/12</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangements of bearings for apparatus for measuring time integral of electric power or current </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G02C5/22</class-ref></entry><entry> Hinges for spectacles </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G04B31/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Bearings for clockwork </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02N15/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Magnetic levitation devices. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16D.xml" sort-key="F16D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>CLUTCHES</text></title-part><title-part><text>BRAKES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2014-10-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01D69/08</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">A01D69/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Clutches or brakes of harvesting machines for grass or cereals; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61C1/18</class-ref></entry><entry> Clutches in dental machines for boring or cutting; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21B35/14</class-ref></entry><entry> Drive couplings for metal-rolling mills; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B30B15/10</class-ref></entry><entry> Brakes specially adapted for presses; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B30B15/12</class-ref></entry><entry> Clutches specially adapted for presses; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B41J33/52</class-ref></entry><entry> Braking devices for ribbon-feed devices in selective printing mechanisms; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K17/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangement or location of clutches in vehicles; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61H</class-ref></entry><entry> Brakes peculiar to rail vehicles; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62B5/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Braking mechanisms for hand carts; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62B9/08</class-ref></entry><entry> Braking mechanisms for children's carriages or perambulators; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62C7/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Braking mechanisms for animal-drawn vehicles; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62L</class-ref></entry><entry> Cycle brakes; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B66D5/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Braking devices for lifting or hoisting gear; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B17/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Couplings for drilling rods; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02P3/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Brakes for electric motors, generators, dynamo-electric converters; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H04L13/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Clutches for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16D3/19</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16D3/50</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16D3/27</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16D3/265</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16D27/07</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16D27/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16D27/14</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16D48/12</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K23/0808</class-ref>.</entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16F.xml" sort-key="F16F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SPRINGS</text></title-part><title-part><text>SHOCK-ABSORBERS</text></title-part><title-part><text>MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>covers</u>: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>their arrangement in, or adaptation for, particular apparatus if not provided for in the subclasses covering said apparatus. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>does not cover</u> inventions concerning the arrangement or adaptation of springs, shock-absorbers or vibration-dampers in, or for, particular apparatus, if provided for in the subclasses concerning the said apparatus, e.g. <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A47C23/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47C27/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Spring mattresses</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61F2/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Prostheses</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A63C5/075</class-ref></entry><entry>Vibration dampers in skis</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60G</class-ref></entry><entry>Vehicle suspensions</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60R19/24</class-ref></entry><entry>Mounting of bumpers on vehicles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61F</class-ref></entry><entry>Rail vehicle suspensions</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61G11/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Buffers for railway or tramway vehicles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62D21/15</class-ref></entry><entry>Vehicle chassis frames having impact absorbing means</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62J1/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Resiliently mounted saddles on cycles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62K21/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Steering dampers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63H21/30</class-ref></entry><entry>Anti-vibration mounting of marine propulsion plant in ships</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B64C25/58</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of shock-absorbers or springs in aeroplane alighting gear</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65D81/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Containers, packing elements or packages with shock-absorbing means</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D06F37/20</class-ref></entry><entry>Resilient mountings in washing machines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D06F49/06</class-ref></entry><entry>Resilient mountings in domestic spin-dryers</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04B1/98</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Protection of buildings against vibrations or shocks</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05D7/086</class-ref></entry><entry>Braking devices structurally combined with hinges</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F03G1/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Spring motors</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L3/20</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Pipe or cable supports</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V15/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Resilient mounting of lighting devices</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F41A25/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Gun cradles to permit recoil</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B5/1426</class-ref></entry><entry>Vibration dampers for archery bows</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01D11/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Indicating or recording in connection with measuring</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01G21/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Weighing apparatus, e.g. arrangement of shock-absorbers in weighing apparatus</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G04B</class-ref></entry><entry>Clocks, watches</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G12B3/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Damping of movements in instruments</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G21C7/20</class-ref></entry><entry>Disposition of shock-absorbing devices for displaceable control elements in nuclear reactors.</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02G7/14</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Arrangements or devices for damping mechanical oscillations of power lines</CPC-specific-note></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Mention of "steel" or "metal" in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F</class-ref>, unless specific mention is made otherwise, should be seen in the light of the title of group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F1/00</class-ref>, i.e. material having low internal friction. This normally includes composite materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Mention of "rubber" or "plastics" in group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F</class-ref>, unless specific mention is made otherwise, should be seen in the light of the title of group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F1/36</class-ref>, i.e. material having high internal friction. This normally does NOT include composite materials such as fibre-reinforced plastics <u>except</u> in the case of groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F1/366</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F1/3686</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F15/305</class-ref>. </note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F3/07</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F13/00</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F9/24</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/22</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F9/40</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/50</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F9/508</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/512</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F11/00</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F7/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F15/00</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16F13/12</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F13/08</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16G.xml" sort-key="F16G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>BELTS, CABLES, OR ROPES, PREDOMINANTLY USED FOR DRIVING PURPOSES</text></title-part><title-part><text>CHAINS</text></title-part><title-part><text>FITTINGS PREDOMINANTLY USED THEREFOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63B21/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Fastening equipment for chains, ropes or the like for ships </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63B21/20</class-ref></entry><entry> Adaptations of chains, ropes or the like for ships </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G15/30</class-ref></entry><entry> Endless conveyor belts </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G17/38</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G19/20</class-ref></entry><entry> Traction chains for conveyors </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H</class-ref></entry><entry> Gearings using flexible members </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H9/24</class-ref></entry><entry> Chains specially adapted for gearings with variable ratio </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H05F</class-ref></entry><entry> Preventing or carrying-off electrostatic charges. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16H.xml" sort-key="F16H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-08-01"><title-part><text>GEARING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Combinations including mechanical gearings are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H37/00</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H47/00</class-ref>, unless they are provided for in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H1/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16H35/00</class-ref>. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, sets of rigidly-connected members are regarded as single members. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"toothed gearing" includes worm gearing and other gearing involving at least one wheel or sector provided with teeth or the equivalent, EXCEPT gearing with chains or toothed belts, which is treated as friction gearing; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"conveying motion" includes transmitting energy, and means that the applied and resultant motions are of the same kind, though they may differ in, e.g. speed, direction extent: </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"rotary" implies that the motion may continue indefinitely; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"oscillating" means moving about an axis to an extent which is limited by the construction of the gearing, and which may exceed one revolution, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"reciprocating" means moving substantially in a straight line, the movement being alternately forwards and backwards during continued operation of the gearing; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"reversing" or "reversal" means that an applied movement in one direction may produce a resultant movement in either of two opposed directions at will; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"central gears" includes any gears whose axis is the main axis of the gearing. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01D69/06</class-ref></entry><entry>Gearings in harvesting machines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A63H31/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Gearing for toys</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21B35/12</class-ref></entry><entry>Toothed-wheel gearing for metal-rolling mills</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60K</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of transmissions in vehicles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61C9/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Transmissions for railway locomotives</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62D3/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Vehicle steering gears</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62M</class-ref></entry><entry>Transmissions for cycles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63H23/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Transmissions for marine propulsions</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63H25/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Marine steering gears</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B64C27/12</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">B64C27/58</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Transmissions for helicopters</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B64D35/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Transmissions for aircraft</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref></entry><entry>Machines, engines, pumps</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F15B15/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Gearings associated with fluid-actuated devices</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01D5/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Gearing used in indicating or recording apparatus in connection with measuring devices</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H03J1/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Driving arrangements for tuning resonant circuits</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H04L13/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Driving mechanisms for apparatus for transmission of coded digital information.</entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16J.xml" sort-key="F16J" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16J</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>PISTONS </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>specially adapted for dampers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/32</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part><title-part><text>CYLINDERS</text></title-part><title-part><text>SEALINGS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A47J27/08</class-ref></entry><entry> Pressure cookers </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04B1/68</class-ref></entry><entry> Sealing building joints </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05C9/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Multi-point fastening of wings in general </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B</class-ref></entry><entry> Machines or engines in general or of reciprocating type, e.g. cylinders peculiar to steam engines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B31/28</class-ref></entry><entry/></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02F1/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Cylinders for combustion engines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02F3/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Pistons for combustion engines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F04D29/08</class-ref></entry><entry> Sealings of non-positive displacement pumps </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F17B1/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Sealing devices for sliding parts of gas holders of variable capacity </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F28F9/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16J15/53</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16J15/43</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16K.xml" sort-key="F16K" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16K</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>VALVES</text></title-part><title-part><text>TAPS</text></title-part><title-part><text>COCKS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ACTUATING-FLOATS</text></title-part><title-part><text>DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>devices for emptying and evacuating the excess liquid in valves or conduits <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/07</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A47J27/09</class-ref></entry><entry>Safety devices for pressure cookers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A47J31/46</class-ref></entry><entry>Dispensing spouts, drain valves or like beverage-making apparatus</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61B5/0235</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves specially adapted for measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61F2/24</class-ref></entry><entry>Heart valves</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61M16/20</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves specially adapted for medical respiratory devices</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61M39/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Tube connectors, tube couplings, valves or branch units specially adapted for medical use in general</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A62B9/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for respiratory apparatus</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A62B18/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for breathing masks or helmets</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A62C</class-ref></entry><entry>Fire extinguishers</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B01D35/04</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Plug, tap, or cock filters</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B05B</class-ref></entry><entry>Nozzles, spray heads or other discharge apparatus for spraying or atomising</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60C29/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangements of tyre-inflating valves relative to tyres or wheel rims; Connection of valves to wheel rims, tyres or other inflatable elastic bodies</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60G17/048</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves specially adapted for adjusting vehicle fluid-spring characteristics</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60T</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves specially adapted for vehicle brake control systems</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62D5/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Vehicle power-assisted steering characterised by the type of valve used</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63B7/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">B63C9/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of inflating valves for floatable life-saving equipment</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65D47/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Container closures with discharging valves</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65D90/32</class-ref></entry><entry>Safety valves for large containers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65D90/54</class-ref></entry><entry>Gates or closures on large containers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B67C3/28</class-ref></entry><entry>Flow control devices for bottling liquids</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B67D</class-ref></entry><entry>Dispensing, delivering or transferring liquids</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">C21B9/12</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Hot-blast valves for blast furnaces</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E02B8/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Details, e.g. valves, of barrages or weirs</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E02B13/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Closures for irrigation conduits</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03C1/04</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Water-basin installations specially adapted for wash-basins or baths</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03C1/05</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Arrangements on wash-basins for the remote control of taps</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03D</class-ref></entry><entry>Flushing valves for water-closets or urinals</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03F7/04</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Valves for preventing return flow in sewer systems</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05F3/12</class-ref></entry><entry>Valve arrangements in door closers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B21/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B34/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Valve arrangements for boreholes or wells</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21D15/51</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Arrangement of relief valves in hydraulic mine props</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01B25/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Working-fluid valves for controlling machines or engines in general or of positive-displacement type</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01D17/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Final actuators for controlling non-positive displacement machines or engines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01L</class-ref></entry><entry>Cyclically operated valves for machines or engines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02D9/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Throttle valves for controlling combustion engines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02K9/58</class-ref></entry><entry>Propellant feed valves for rocket-engines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02M</class-ref></entry><entry>Carburettors, fuel injection</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F02M59/46</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for fuel injection pumps</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref></entry><entry>Pumps</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16F9/34</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for shock absorbers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L29/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L37/28</class-ref></entry><entry>Pipe joints or quick-acting couplings with fluid cut-off means</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of valves in pipes</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/055</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves specially adapted to prevent or minimise the effect of water hammer</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/46</class-ref></entry><entry>Launching devices for pigs or moles</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16N23/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Check valves for lubrication systems</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16T</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Draining-off liquids from steam traps</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F17C13/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of valves in pressure vessels</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F22B37/44</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of safety valves on steam boilers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F22D5/34</class-ref></entry><entry>Application of valves to automatic water-feed in boiler</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F23L13/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for air supply control to burners</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">F23Q2/16</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Valves for lighters with gaseous fuel and adjustable flame</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F24C3/12</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24C5/16</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangement of valves on stoves or ranges</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F</class-ref></entry><entry>Air conditioning; Ventilation</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F25B41/20</class-ref></entry><entry>Disposition of fluid circulation valves in refrigeration machines</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D</class-ref></entry><entry>Controlling non-electric variables</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G10B3/06</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for organs</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G10D9/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Valves for other wind-actuated musical instruments</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">G21C9/06</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Safety valves structurally associated with nuclear reactors</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">H01M50/30</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Vent plugs in batteries or cells</CPC-specific-note></entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <br/><table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/11</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/08</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/10</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/64</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/002</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D23/00</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/66</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/06</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D23/00</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/68</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/001</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D23/00</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/70</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/002</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D23/08</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16K31/72</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K31/00</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16L.xml" sort-key="F16L" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16L</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>PIPES</text></title-part><title-part><text>JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES</text></title-part><title-part><text>SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING</text></title-part><title-part><text>MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"pipe" means a conduit of closed cross-section, which is specially adapted to convey fluids, materials or objects; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"hose" means a pipe, as defined above, which has flexibility as an essential characteristic.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A61M39/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Tube connectors, tube couplings or branch units, specially adapted for medical use</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B05B1/20</class-ref></entry><entry>Perforated pipes</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60T17/04</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Arrangement of piping or air hoses in brake systems</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B63B35/03</class-ref></entry><entry>Pipe-laying vessels</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B64D39/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Adaptation of hose constructions for refuelling aircraft during flight</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G51/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G53/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B67D7/38</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangements of hoses in apparatus for transferring liquids, e.g. fuel, from bulk to vehicles or portable containers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E01D19/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Fastening of pipes or cables to bridges</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03B</class-ref></entry><entry>Water supply installations</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03D11/17</class-ref></entry><entry>Means for connecting water-closet bowls to the flushing pipe</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03D11/18</class-ref></entry><entry>Siphons for water-closets</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E03F3/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Pipes or fittings specially adapted to sewers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04D13/08</class-ref></entry><entry>Down pipes for roof drainage; Clamping means therefor</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E04F17/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Vertical ducts, channels in buildings, e.g. chimneys</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21F1/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Air ducts for ventilation of mines or tunnels; Connections therefor</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21F17/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Suspension devices for tubes or the like in mines or tunnels</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F01N</class-ref></entry><entry>Gas flow silencers or exhaust apparatus for machines or engines</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16B7/00</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Connections of rods or tubes</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16N21/00</class-ref></entry><entry>Conduits, junctions for lubrication systems</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F17C3/02</class-ref></entry><entry>Thermal insulation of vessels not under pressure for storing liquefied or solidified gases, e.g. Dewar flask</entry></row><row><entry><CPC-specific-note><class-ref scheme="cpc">F17D</class-ref></CPC-specific-note></entry><entry><CPC-specific-note>Pipe-line systems, pipe-lines</CPC-specific-note></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F22B37/10</class-ref></entry><entry>Water tubes of steam boilers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F23J13/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Joints, connections for chimneys or flues</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F24H9/12</class-ref></entry><entry>Connecting circulation pipes to heaters</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F28F9/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates of heat-exchangers</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G21C15/22</class-ref></entry><entry>Structural association of coolant tubes with headers or other pipes in nuclear reactors</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02G3/04</class-ref></entry><entry>Protective tubing or conduits for electric cables</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">H02G3/26</class-ref></entry><entry>Installations of electric cables or lines, or protective tubing on or in walls,ceilings or floors.</entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16L19/03</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L19/0212</class-ref>; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16L59/05</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L59/021</class-ref>. </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F16L101/14</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L2101/10</class-ref> </entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> <CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note> </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16M.xml" sort-key="F16M" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16M</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>FRAMES, CASINGS OR BEDS OF ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS, NOT SPECIFIC TO ENGINES, MACHINES OR APPARATUS PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE</text></title-part><title-part><text>STANDS</text></title-part><title-part><text>SUPPORTS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21B31/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Metal-rolling stand frames </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G01D11/30</class-ref></entry><entry> Supports specially adapted for indicating or recording instruments. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16N.xml" sort-key="F16N" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16N</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>LUBRICATING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01D69/12</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubrication of harvesters; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21J3/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubricating during forging or pressing; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B25D17/26</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubricating of portable power-driven percussive tools; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B60R17/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Arrangements or adaptations of lubricating; systems or devices in vehicles; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B61C17/08</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubrication systems for railway locomotives; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B62D55/092</class-ref></entry><entry> Vehicle endless-track units with lubrication means; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D04B35/28</class-ref></entry><entry> Devices for lubricating knitting machine parts; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05B17/08</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubricating devices for locks; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E05D11/02</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubricating arrangements for hinges; </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B10/22</class-ref></entry><entry> Lubricating details of roller drill bits for earth; drilling. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16P.xml" sort-key="F16P" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16P</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SAFETY DEVICES IN GENERAL; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>SAFETY DEVICES FOR PRESSES</text></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the following places: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01D75/18</class-ref></entry><entry> Harvesting machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">A01F21/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Threshing machines or baling presses </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B02C23/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Crushing or disintegrating machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21B33/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Rolling of metal </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B21D55/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Working sheet metal or tubes, rods or profiles without essentially removing material </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B23B25/04</class-ref></entry><entry> Turning-machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B23Q11/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Machine tools </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B24B55/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Grinding or polishing machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B25J19/06</class-ref></entry><entry> Manipulators </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B26D7/22</class-ref></entry><entry> Cutting machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B27G19/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Wood saws </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65B57/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Packaging machines or apparatus </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G43/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Conveyors </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65H26/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Web-advancing mechanisms </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">B65H63/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Handling or winding of thin or filamentary material </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D01G31/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Treatment of fibres </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D01H13/14</class-ref></entry><entry> Spinning or twisting </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">D05B83/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Sewing machines </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V25/00</class-ref></entry><entry> Lighting devices. </entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16S.xml" sort-key="F16S" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16S</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>STRUCTURES BUILT-UP FROM SUCH ELEMENTS, IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u> similar elements and structures, restricted to use in the building art, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">E04C</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F16T.xml" sort-key="F16T" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F16T</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>STEAM TRAPS OR LIKE APPARATUS FOR DRAINING-OFF LIQUIDS FROM ENCLOSURES PREDOMINANTLY CONTAINING GASES OR VAPOURS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F17" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F17</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F17B.xml" sort-key="F17B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F17B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>GAS-HOLDERS OF VARIABLE CAPACITY </text><reference><text>self-acting gas cut-off devices <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47J27/62</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D</class-ref>; flame traps <class-ref scheme="cpc">A62C4/00</class-ref>; gas mixers <class-ref scheme="cpc">B01F</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K11/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D11/00</class-ref>; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques <class-ref scheme="cpc">E04H7/00</class-ref>, gas compressors <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>; valves <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K</class-ref>; damping pulsations in valves or pipes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L</class-ref>; pipes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L</class-ref>; stopping devices for gas mains <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L55/10</class-ref>; vessels adapted for storing compressed, liquefied, or solidified gases <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17C</class-ref>; gas distribution systems <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17D1/04</class-ref>; detecting leakage <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17D5/02</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G01M</class-ref>; supervising or alarm devices <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17D5/02</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G08B</class-ref>; control of combustion in burners <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23N</class-ref>; gas flow or pressure regulators <class-ref scheme="cpc">G05D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F17C.xml" sort-key="F17C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F17C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES</text></title-part><title-part><text>FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS</text></title-part><title-part><text>FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES </text><reference><text>storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth <class-ref scheme="cpc">B65G5/00</class-ref>; construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil-engineering techniques <class-ref scheme="cpc">E04H7/00</class-ref>; variable-capacity gas-holders <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17B</class-ref>; liquefaction or refrigeration machines, plants, or systems <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F17D.xml" sort-key="F17D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F17D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>PIPE-LINES </text><reference><text>pumps or compressors <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04</class-ref>; fluid dynamics <class-ref scheme="cpc">F15D</class-ref>; valves or the like <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16K</class-ref>; pipes, laying pipes, supports, joints, branches, repairing, work on the entire line, accessories <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16L</class-ref>; steam traps or the like <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16T</class-ref>; fluid-pressure electric cables <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01B9/06</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, pipe-line systems are interpreted as systems described in flow sheets as well as arrangements of co-operating elements, the elements <u>per se</u> being covered in the relevant subclasses.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="3" additional-only="false" sort-key="F21" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>LIGHTING</text></title-part><title-part><text>HEATING</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F21" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>LIGHTING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"Portable" means "intended to be carried personally" </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Non-portable" means "not intended to be carried personally, even if capable of being moved from place to place"</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21H.xml" sort-key="F21H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-01-01"><title-part><text>INCANDESCENT MANTLES</text></title-part><title-part><text>OTHER INCANDESCENT BODIES HEATED BY COMBUSTION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21K.xml" sort-key="F21K" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-02-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21K</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-02-01"><title-part><text>NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21W</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21Y</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/04</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0457</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/06</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0442</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/08</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K5/02</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0442</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/10</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0442</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/12</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K5/023</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/14</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K5/026</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0489</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/16</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0452</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/18</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0452</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/20</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0447</class-ref>;</entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21K5/22</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G03B15/0442</class-ref>.</entry></row></table></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21L.xml" sort-key="F21L" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21L</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF, BEING PORTABLE OR SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR TRANSPORTATION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> devices or systems designed or specially adapted to be carried, e.g. by hand, or otherwise transported from place to place, e.g. on wheeled supports, in order to provide illumination as and where required.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u> devices or systems intended for fixed installation, e.g. vehicle lighting, or for use essentially at a permanent location, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Non-electric lighting devices are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L17/00</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L26/00</class-ref> only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21S.xml" sort-key="F21S" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21S</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES</text></title-part><title-part><text>SYSTEMS THEREOF</text></title-part><title-part><text>VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u>:<subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>devices or systems intended for fixed installation or for use at a permanent location, e.g. free-standing floor- or table-lamps.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. headlamps.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>aspects related to the optical, mechanical, thermal or electrical arrangement of elements in vehicle light signalling devices specially adapted for vehicle exterior, e.g. brake lamps or direction indicator lights.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u>:<subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>devices or systems specially adapted for transportation, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>aspects related to the vehicles in which lighting devices are arranged, e.g. the arrangement or operation of lighting devices on vehicles, which are covered by <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60Q</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>control of vehicle lighting devices in relation to the vehicle as a whole, e.g. for levelling, swivelling or aiming. Such arrangements are covered by group <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60Q1/06</class-ref>, even if the movement of the lighting device occurs inside the lamp housing.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S11/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S15/00</class-ref> only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21W</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21Y</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21V.xml" sort-key="F21V" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21V</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-02-01"><title-part><text>FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF</text></title-part><title-part><text>STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V1/00</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V14/00</class-ref> cover aspects related to light emission or distribution. Groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V15/00</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V31/00</class-ref> cover aspects not related to light emission or distribution.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Details of non-electric lighting devices or systems are classified in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V35/00</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V37/00</class-ref> only if a special adaptation related to the use of a non-electric light source is of interest.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21W</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21Y</class-ref></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <br/><table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F21V8/00</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">G02B6/00</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21W.xml" sort-key="F21W" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2016-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21W</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-08-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V</class-ref>, RELATING TO USES OR APPLICATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V</class-ref>, relating to uses or applications of lighting devices or systems.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F21Y.xml" sort-key="F21Y" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2016-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F21Y</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-08-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V</class-ref>, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass constitutes an indexing scheme associated with subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21K</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21L</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21S</class-ref> and <class-ref scheme="cpc">F21V</class-ref>, relating to the form or the kind of the light sources, or of the colour of the light emitted.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F22" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F22</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>STEAM GENERATION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this class the following term is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"steam" covers also other condensable vapours, e.g. mercury, diphenyl, diphenyl oxide.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F22B.xml" sort-key="F22B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F22B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>STEAM BOILERS </text><reference><text>steam engine plants where engine aspects predominate <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K</class-ref>; domestic central-heating systems using steam <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24D</class-ref>; heat exchange or heat transfer in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28</class-ref>; generation of vapour in the cores of nuclear reactors <class-ref scheme="cpc">G21</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> only methods of, or apparatus for, the generation of steam under pressure for heating or power purposes</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F22D.xml" sort-key="F22D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F22D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-01-01"><title-part><text>PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F22G.xml" sort-key="F22G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F22G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SUPERHEATING OF STEAM </text><reference><text>steam separating arrangements in boilers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F22B37/26</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F23" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>COMBUSTION APPARATUS</text></title-part><title-part><text>COMBUSTION PROCESSES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"combustion" means a heat-producing sequence of chemical reactions between a burnable substance and molecular oxygen, e.g. in air, in most cases generating light in the form of flames or a glow;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"combustion chamber" means a chamber in which fuel is burned to establish a self-supporting fire or flame and which surrounds that fire or flame;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"burner" means a device by which fluent fuel is passed to a combustion space where it burns to produce a self-supporting flame;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"air" means a mixture of gases containing free oxygen and able to promote or support combustion.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23B.xml" sort-key="F23B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL </text><reference><text>for combustion of fuels that are solid at room temperatures, but burned in melted form, e.g. candle wax, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C11C5/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23D</class-ref>; using solid fuel suspended in air <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23D1/00</class-ref>; using solid fuel suspended in liquids <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23D11/00</class-ref>; using solid fuel and fluent fuel simultaneously or alternately <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23D17/00</class-ref>; burning of low grade fuel <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23G</class-ref>; grates <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23H</class-ref>; feeding solid fuel to combustion apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23K</class-ref>; combustion chambers, not otherwise provided for <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23M</class-ref>; domestic apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24</class-ref>; central heating boilers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24D</class-ref>; package boilers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24H</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass only covers combustion wherein the main body of fuel is either essentially stationary during combustion or mechanically transported, as opposed to pneumatically transported or suspended in air, during combustion.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the first place priority rule is applied, i.e. at each hierarchical level, in the absence of an indication to the contrary, classification is made in the first appropriate place.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used. Methods that are not related to a particular type of apparatus are classified in group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23B90/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> In this subclass, it is desirable to add the indexing codes of groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23B2101/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23B2900/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23C.xml" sort-key="F23C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-05-01"><title-part><text>METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  </text><CPC-specific-text><text>A CARRIER GAS OR</text></CPC-specific-text><text> AIR  </text><reference><text>burners <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="note"><note-paragraph> In this subclass, methods are classified in the groups that cover the apparatus used.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F23C101/00</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C2206/101</class-ref> </entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23D.xml" sort-key="F23D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-05-01"><title-part><text>BURNERS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23G.xml" sort-key="F23G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>CREMATION FURNACES</text></title-part><title-part><text>CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> also the burning of low-grade fuel of solid, liquid, or gaseous nature.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23H.xml" sort-key="F23H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>GRATES </text><reference><text>inlets for fluidisation air for fluidised bed combustion apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C10/20</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23J.xml" sort-key="F23J" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23J</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-01-01"><title-part><text>REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES</text></title-part><title-part><text>FLUES  </text><reference><text>combustion apparatus for consuming smoke or fumes, e.g. exhaust gases, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23G7/06</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> the cleaning of external surfaces of water tubes of boilers</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23K.xml" sort-key="F23K" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23K</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-01-01"><title-part><text>FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS </text><reference><text>fuel feeders specially adapted for fluidised bed combustion apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C10/22</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23L.xml" sort-key="F23L" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23L</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL  </text><reference><CPC-specific-text><text>air-supply arrangements for fluent fuels <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C</class-ref>;</text></CPC-specific-text><text> firebridges with means for feeding air or steam <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23M3/04</class-ref>; baffles or shields with air supply passages <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23M9/04</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>dampers and throat restrictors for open fire-places <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24</class-ref>; air inlet valves for open fire fronts <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part><title-part><text>INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS</text></title-part><title-part><text>TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>TERMINALS FOR FLUES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23M.xml" sort-key="F23M" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23M</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES</text></title-part><title-part><text>DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS</text></title-part><title-part><text>SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS</text></title-part><title-part><text>DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph> <CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note> </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23N.xml" sort-key="F23N" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23N</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-01-01"><title-part><text>REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION </text><reference><text>control devices specially adapted for combustion apparatus in which combustion takes place in a fluidised bed of fuel or other particles <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C10/28</class-ref>; condition responsive controls for regulating combustion in domestic stoves with open fires for solid fuel <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24B1/187</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23Q.xml" sort-key="F23Q" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23Q</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>IGNITION </text><reference><text>devices or installations peculiar to internal-combustion engines <class-ref scheme="cpc">F02P</class-ref>; of cigarettes or tobacco <class-ref scheme="cpc">A24F</class-ref>; compositions therefor, chemical igniters <class-ref scheme="cpc">C06C</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F23R.xml" sort-key="F23R" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F23R</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS </text><reference><text>fluidised bed combustion apparatus specially adapted for operation at superatmospheric pressures <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23C10/16</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F24" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>HEATING</text></title-part><title-part><text>RANGES</text></title-part><title-part><text>VENTILATING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this class, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"stove" includes apparatus which may have an open fire, e.g. fireplace; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"range" means an apparatus for cooking having elements that perform different cooking operations or cooking and heating operations.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24B.xml" sort-key="F24B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS </text><reference><text>for solid fuels in combination with gaseous fuels, liquid fuels or other kinds of energy supply <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24C1/02</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24C.xml" sort-key="F24C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES  </text><reference><text>exclusively for solid fuels <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24B</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>DETAILS OF DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES, OF GENERAL APPLICATION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph><CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24D.xml" sort-key="F24D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2020-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2020-01-01"><title-part><text>DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR </text><reference><text>using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plants for heating purposes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K17/02</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following expression is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"Central heating system" means a system in which heat is generated or stored at central sources and is distributed by means of a transfer fluid to the spaces or areas to be heated.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph> <CPC-specific-note>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</CPC-specific-note> </note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24F.xml" sort-key="F24F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2022-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-08-01"><title-part><text>AIR-CONDITIONING</text></title-part><title-part><text>AIR-HUMIDIFICATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>VENTILATION</text></title-part><title-part><text>USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING </text><reference><text>removing dirt or fumes from areas where they are produced <class-ref scheme="cpc">B08B15/00</class-ref>; vertical ducts for carrying away waste gases from buildings <class-ref scheme="cpc">E04F17/02</class-ref>; tops for chimneys or ventilating shafts, terminals for flues <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23L17/02</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>covers</u> treatment, e.g. purification, of air supplied to human living or working spaces in air conditioning systems or in room units. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>air-humidification as auxiliary treatment in air-conditioning, i.e. in units wherein the air is also either cooled or heated, is covered by groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F1/00</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F3/14</class-ref>;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>air-humidification <u>per se</u>, e.g. "room humidifiers", is covered by group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F6/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:<subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"air-conditioning" means the supply of air to or the treatment of air in rooms or spaces by means of cooling or a combination of cooling and a further kind of air treatment, e.g. humidification, heating or air purification;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"ventilation" means the supply of air to, or its extraction from, rooms or spaces, and systems for circulating air within rooms or spaces, but does not cover the mere treatment of air being supplied to, extracted from, or circulated within, rooms or spaces.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, control or safety arrangements are classified in group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F11/00</class-ref>. In order to indicate the type of air-treatment system in which these arrangements are used, further classification may be made in groups <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F1/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F9/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24H.xml" sort-key="F24H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2022-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-01-01"><title-part><text>FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL </text><reference><text>steam generation <class-ref scheme="cpc">F22</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>The distinguishing feature of the air heaters covered by this subclass is that the heat is predominantly released to the air by convection, mostly by forced circulation of the air. The domestic stoves or ranges covered by subclasses <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24B</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24C</class-ref> may also be fired or electric air heaters but they release their heat to a considerable extent by radiation and only to some extent by natural convection.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"water" includes other liquids and means always the liquid to be heated;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"air" includes other gases or gas mixtures and means always the gas to be heated;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "furnace tubes" means tubes inside the heater wherein combustion is performed;</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"fire tubes" means tubes inside the heater through which flue-gases flow from a combustion chamber located outside the tubes; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"heater" means apparatus including both heat generating means and means for transferring the generated heat to water or air.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>All storage heaters are classified in group <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24H7/00</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24S.xml" sort-key="F24S" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2018-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24S</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-05-01"><title-part><text>SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS </text><reference><text>for producing mechanical power from solar energy <class-ref scheme="cpc">F03G6/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="note"><note-paragraph> In this subclass, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated:<br/> <subnote type="bullet"> <note-paragraph> "solar heat collector modules", often referred to simply as "modules", covers;<br/><subnote><note-paragraph> a. whole solar heat collectors </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> b. elements of solar heat collectors, e.g. reflectors, lenses or heat storage elements.<br/> </note-paragraph></subnote> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "absorbing elements" covers elements for absorbing solar-rays and converting it into heat.<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> "solar heat systems" covers systems having solar heat collectors as their components and using the collected heat </note-paragraph> </subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24T.xml" sort-key="F24T" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2018-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24T</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-05-01"><title-part><text>GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F24V.xml" sort-key="F24V" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2018-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F24V</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-05-01"><title-part><text>COLLECTION, PRODUCTION OR USE OF HEAT NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F25" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F25</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>REFRIGERATION OR COOLING</text></title-part><title-part><text>COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE</text></title-part><title-part><text>LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F25B.xml" sort-key="F25B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2022-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F25B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2022-01-01"><title-part><text>REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS</text></title-part></class-title></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F25C.xml" sort-key="F25C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F25C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2018-01-01"><title-part><text>PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated:<subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"ice" means any frozen liquid and also covers frozen semiliquids or pasty substances.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F25D.xml" sort-key="F25D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2021-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F25D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2021-01-01"><title-part><text>REFRIGERATORS</text></title-part><title-part><text>COLD ROOMS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ICE-BOXES</text></title-part><title-part><text>COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR </text><reference><text>refrigerated showcases <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47F3/04</class-ref>; thermally-insulated vessels for domestic use <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47J41/00</class-ref>; refrigerated vehicles, see the appropriate subclasses of classes <class-ref scheme="cpc">B60</class-ref>-<class-ref scheme="cpc">B64</class-ref>; containers with thermal insulation in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">B65D81/38</class-ref>; heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants, or materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion <class-ref scheme="cpc">C09K5/00</class-ref>; thermally-insulated vessels for liquefied or solidified gases <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17C</class-ref>; air-conditioning or air-humidification <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F</class-ref>; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25B</class-ref>; cooling of instruments or comparable apparatus without refrigeration <class-ref scheme="cpc">G12B</class-ref>; cooling of engines or pumps, see the relevant classes</text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> In this subclass, the following term is used with the meaning indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"device" means an enclosed space to be cooled; such devices being associated either with refrigerating machinery, e.g. in a refrigerator, or with other cold sources, e.g. in an ice-box. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to Note (2) following the title of subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24F</class-ref>. </note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F25J.xml" sort-key="F25J" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F25J</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS </text><CPC-specific-text><text>OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS</text></CPC-specific-text><text> MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT </text><CPC-specific-text><text>OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE </text><reference><text>cryogenic pumps <class-ref scheme="cpc">F04B37/08</class-ref>; gas storage vessels, gas holders <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17</class-ref>; filing vessels with, or discharging from vessels, compressed, liquefied or solidified gases <class-ref scheme="cpc">F17C</class-ref>; refrigeration machines, plants, or systems <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25B</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F26" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F26</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>DRYING</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F26B.xml" sort-key="F26B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F26B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM </text><reference><text>racks for drying fruit and vegetables <class-ref scheme="cpc">A01F25/12</class-ref>; drying foodstuffs <class-ref scheme="cpc">A23</class-ref>; drying hair <class-ref scheme="cpc">A45D20/00</class-ref>; body-drying implements <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47K10/00</class-ref>; drying household articles <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47L</class-ref>, </text><CPC-specific-text><text>e.g. drying footwear <class-ref scheme="cpc">A47L23/20</class-ref>; </text></CPC-specific-text><text> drying gases and vapours <class-ref scheme="cpc">B01D</class-ref>; chemical and physical processes for dewatering or like separating liquids from solids <class-ref scheme="cpc">B01D43/00</class-ref>; centrifugal apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">B04</class-ref>; drying ceramics <class-ref scheme="cpc">C04B33/30</class-ref>; drying yarns and fabrics in association with some other form of treatment <class-ref scheme="cpc">D06C</class-ref>; drying frames for laundry without heating or positive air circulation, domestic and like spin-dryers, wringing and hot pressing laundry <class-ref scheme="cpc">D06F</class-ref>; furnaces, kilns, ovens <class-ref scheme="cpc">F27</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>treatment including a drying step of semiconductor substrates, e.g. wafers, <class-ref scheme="cpc">H01L21/67028</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F26B11/06</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B11/0486</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F26B13/02</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B13/10</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F26B13/04</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B13/10</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F26B13/20</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B13/104</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F26B23/08</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B3/343</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F26B3/347</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F27" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F27</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>FURNACES</text></title-part><title-part><text>KILNS</text></title-part><title-part><text>OVENS</text></title-part><title-part><text>RETORTS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This class deals with furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts, open sintering apparatus, and details or accessories therefor, in general. It includes the arrangement of electrical heating elements in or on furnaces, but not the elements themselves. It is not concerned with the processes carried on within the furnaces.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this class, where appropriate, the term "furnaces" is to be understood as covering kilns, ovens, or retorts.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F27B.xml" sort-key="F27B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2019-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F27B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL</text></title-part><title-part><text>OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the references and notes following the title of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F27</class-ref> and the note (par. III) following the Contents of Section <class-ref scheme="cpc">H</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B1/09</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F27B1/08</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B5/05</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F27B5/04</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B14/16</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B14/18</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F27B14/0806</class-ref></entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B21/08</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="ipc">F27B21/14</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F27D3/00</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F27D21/00</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F27D.xml" sort-key="F27D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F27D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE </text><reference><text>combustion apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the references and Notes following the title of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F27</class-ref> and the Note III following the Contents of Section <class-ref scheme="cpc">H</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F27M.xml" sort-key="F27M" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F27M</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass constitutes an internal scheme for indexing only.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F28" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Apparatus using heat exchange or heat transfer (as defined below) for specific purposes is classified either in subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28B</class-ref> or in the appropriate subclasses of, for example, classes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F22</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">F26</class-ref>; if no such other subclass is appropriate, such apparatus is to be classified in <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28C</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28D</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this class the following terms are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"Heat exchange" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct or indirect contact with a heated or cooled fluid or fluent solid; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"Heat transfer" means the heating or cooling of a fluid or fluent solid by direct contact with a heated or cooled surface or body.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F28B.xml" sort-key="F28B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS </text><reference><text>condensation of vapours <class-ref scheme="cpc">B01D5/00</class-ref>; steam engine plants having condensers <class-ref scheme="cpc">F01K</class-ref>; liquefaction of gases <class-ref scheme="cpc">F25J</class-ref>; details of heat-exchange and heat-transfer arrangements of general application <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28F</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F28C.xml" sort-key="F28C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2016-05-01"><title-part><text>HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT WITHOUT CHEMICAL INTERACTION </text><reference><text>safety devices in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16P</class-ref>; fluid heaters having heat generating means <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24H</class-ref>; with an intermediate heat-transfer medium coming into direct contact with heat-exchange media <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28D15/00</class-ref> - <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28D19/00</class-ref>; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general application <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28F</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F28D.xml" sort-key="F28D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT </text><reference><text>fluid heaters having heat generating means and heat transferring means <class-ref scheme="cpc">F24H</class-ref>; furnaces <class-ref scheme="cpc">F27</class-ref>; details of heat-exchange apparatus of general</text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F28F.xml" sort-key="F28F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION </text><reference><text>water and air traps, air venting <class-ref scheme="cpc">F16</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F28G.xml" sort-key="F28G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F28G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>CLEANING OF INTERNAL OR EXTERNAL SURFACES OF HEAT-EXCHANGE OR HEAT-TRANSFER CONDUITS, e.g. WATER TUBES OR BOILERS </text><reference><text>cleaning pipes or tubes in general <class-ref scheme="cpc">B08B9/02</class-ref>; devices or arrangements for removing water, minerals, or sludge from boilers while the boiler is in operation, or which remain in position while the boiler is in operation, or are specifically adapted to boilers without any other utility <class-ref scheme="cpc">F22B37/48</class-ref>; removal or treatment of combustion products or combustion residues <class-ref scheme="cpc">F23J</class-ref>; removing ice from heat-exchange apparatus <class-ref scheme="cpc">F28F17/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="3" additional-only="false" sort-key="F41" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>WEAPONS</text></title-part><title-part><text>BLASTING</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F41" date-revised="2013-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>WEAPONS</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This class <u>covers</u> also means for practice and training which may <u>cover</u> also means for practice and training which may have aspects of simulation, e.g. in apparatus for so-called "military games", although simulators are generally covered by class <class-ref scheme="cpc">G09</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"smallarm" means a firearm which is generally held with one or both hands for firing, but this term also includes a light machine-gun which may be supported on a tripod or the like during firing; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"gun" means any weapon having a barrel and a trigger or firing mechanism for projecting a missile; it may be a piece of ordnance or a smallarm. It may use combustible or explosive propellant charges, air pressure, electromagnetism or other propulsive forces; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"revolver-type gun" means a gun having a revolving drum magazine, the chambers of which are used successively as firing chamber; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"revolver" means a revolver-type pistol; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"semi-automatic firearm" means a firearm from which one shot is fired after actuation of the trigger and which then returns to a condition for firing a subsequent shot upon renewed actuation of the trigger; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"automatic gun" means a gun which will continue firing so long as the initial firing pressure is maintained on the trigger; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"sighting" means bringing into visual coincidence a direction of a target; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"aiming" means bringing a weapon to a direction differing from the sighting direction by corrections in order that the projectile may hit the target; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"laying" means setting a weapon in the correct position for hitting a mark.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the definitions of "projectile", "missile" and "rocket" given in Note 2 following the title of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41A.xml" sort-key="F41A" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41A</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS</text></title-part><title-part><text>MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>covers</u> those features or details which are considered to be of a kind generally applicable to, or to be concerned with intrinsic functions common to, both smallarms and ordnance. </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>Such features or details are classified in this subclass, even if they are stated to be applied only to smallarms or only to ordnance.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Attention is drawn to the definitions given in Note (2) following the title of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41</class-ref>. </note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41B.xml" sort-key="F41B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>WEAPONS FOR PROJECTING MISSILES WITHOUT USE OF EXPLOSIVE OR COMBUSTIBLE PROPELLANT CHARGE</text></title-part><title-part><text>WEAPONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR </text><reference><text>projectiles for fishing, e.g. fish-spears, <class-ref scheme="cpc">A01K81/00</class-ref>; sports implements for throwing <class-ref scheme="cpc">A63B65/00</class-ref>, e.g. boomerangs <class-ref scheme="cpc">A63B65/08</class-ref>; stationary apparatus for projecting sports balls, e.g. tennis balls, <class-ref scheme="cpc">A63B69/40</class-ref>; throwing or slinging toys <class-ref scheme="cpc">A63H33/18</class-ref>; knives, axes <class-ref scheme="cpc">B26B</class-ref>; projectiles or missiles other than those incorporating springs as projecting means <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B6/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups: <table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F41B5/16</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B5/1473</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F41B5/18</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B5/1469</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F41B5/20</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B5/1426</class-ref> </entry></row><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F41B5/22</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry> <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B5/143</class-ref></entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41C.xml" sort-key="F41C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>SMALLARMS, e.g. PISTOLS, RIFLES </text><reference><text>functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41A</class-ref>; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>ACCESSORIES THEREFOR</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>Attention is drawn to the definitions in Note (2) following the title of class <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41F.xml" sort-key="F41F" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41F</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>APPARATUS FOR LAUNCHING PROJECTILES OR MISSILES FROM BARRELS, e.g. CANNONS </text><reference><text>smallarms <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41C</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>LAUNCHERS FOR ROCKETS OR TORPEDOES</text></title-part><title-part><text>HARPOON GUNS </text><reference><text>functional features or details common to both smallarms and ordnance, mountings therefor <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41A</class-ref>; projecting missiles without use of explosive or combustible propellant charge <class-ref scheme="cpc">F41B</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This subclass <u>does not cover</u> the arrangement of armaments, adaptation of mountings therefor, or arrangements of ammunition handlers on ships or aircraft, if they present a shipbuilding or aircraft-building aspect, which are covered by subclass <class-ref scheme="cpc">B63G</class-ref> or <class-ref scheme="cpc">B64D</class-ref>.</note-paragraph></note><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41G.xml" sort-key="F41G" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41G</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>WEAPON SIGHTS</text></title-part><title-part><text>AIMING </text><reference><text>optical aspects thereof <class-ref scheme="cpc">G02B</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41H.xml" sort-key="F41H" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41H</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>ARMOUR</text></title-part><title-part><text>ARMOURED TURRETS</text></title-part><title-part><text>ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES</text></title-part><title-part><text>MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F41J.xml" sort-key="F41J" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F41J</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>TARGETS</text></title-part><title-part><text>TARGET RANGES</text></title-part><title-part><text>BULLET CATCHERS </text><CPC-specific-text><reference><text>targets for shooting or hurling games <class-ref scheme="cpc">A63F9/0204</class-ref></text></reference></CPC-specific-text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F42" date-revised="2018-01-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F42</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>AMMUNITION</text></title-part><title-part><text>BLASTING</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings date-revised="2013-01-01"><note type="note"><note-paragraph>This class <u>covers</u> also means for practice or training which may have aspects of simulation, although simulators are generally covered by class <class-ref scheme="cpc">G09</class-ref>.</note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this class, the following terms or expressions are used with the meanings indicated: <subnote type="bullet"><note-paragraph>"primer" effects the first explosive step in the sequence of explosion; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"percussion cap" means a primer which is struck to explode; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"igniter" effects the first spark-producing or heat-producing step but may not be explosive; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"firing-means" or "initiator" (used respectively in the arts of weaponry and blasting) means a device acting directly on the primer, which device may or may not form part of the fuze; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"detonator" or "detonator charge" means a charge used to amplify the explosion of the primer; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"fuze" means an assembly or mechanism which incorporates safety and arming means in order that the explosion can only take place under certain conditions; this assembly or mechanism determines also the moment (instantaneous or delayed) or the manner, e.g. impact, proximity, hydrostatic pressure, of the firing; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"ammunition" covers propulsive charge and projectile whether or not forming a single body, unless otherwise made clear; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"projectile", "missile" or "projectile or missile" means any body which is projected or propelled; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"guided missile" means projectile or missile which is guided during at least part of its trajectory; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"rocket" means projectile or missile which is self-propelled, during at least part of its trajectory, by a rocket engine, i.e. by a jet-propulsion engine carrying both fuel and oxidant therefor; </note-paragraph><note-paragraph>"fuse" or "fuse cord" means a continuous train of explosive enclosed in a usually flexible cord or cable for setting-off an explosive charge in the art of blasting.</note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F42B.xml" sort-key="F42B" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F42B</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION </text><reference><text>explosive compositions <class-ref scheme="cpc">C06B</class-ref>; fuzes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42C</class-ref>; blasting <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42D</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph warning-type="ipc-not-used">The following IPC groups are not in the CPC scheme. The subject matter for these IPC groups is classified in the following CPC groups:<table><row><entry><class-ref scheme="ipc">F42B5/14</class-ref></entry><entry> covered by </entry><entry><class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B12/40</class-ref>, <class-ref scheme="cpc">A01K11/00</class-ref> </entry></row></table></note-paragraph><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F42C.xml" sort-key="F42C" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F42C</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2013-01-01"><title-part><text>AMMUNITION FUZES </text><reference><text>blasting cartridge initiators <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B3/10</class-ref>; chemical aspects <class-ref scheme="cpc">C06C</class-ref></text></reference></title-part><title-part><text>ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR </text><reference><text>filling fuzes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B33/02</class-ref>; fitting or extracting primers in or from fuzes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B33/04</class-ref>; containers for fuzes <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B39/30</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F42D.xml" sort-key="F42D" definition-exists="true" date-revised="2018-08-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F42D</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2017-05-01"><title-part><text>BLASTING </text><reference><text>fuses, e.g. fuse cords, <class-ref scheme="cpc">C06C5/00</class-ref>; </text><CPC-specific-text><text>for obtaining fluid from wells <class-ref scheme="cpc">E21B43/00</class-ref>; for mining or quarrying <class-ref scheme="cpc">E21C37/00</class-ref>; for making tunnels or galleries <class-ref scheme="cpc">E21D9/006</class-ref></text></CPC-specific-text><text>; cartridges <class-ref scheme="cpc">F42B3/00</class-ref></text></reference></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="warning"><note-paragraph>In this subclass non-limiting references (in the sense of paragraph 39 of the Guide to the IPC) may still be displayed in the scheme.</note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="3" additional-only="false" sort-key="F99" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F99</classification-symbol>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="4" additional-only="false" sort-key="F99" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F99</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION</text></title-part></class-title>
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<classification-item breakdown-code="false" not-allocatable="true" level="5" additional-only="false" link-file="cpc-scheme-F99Z.xml" sort-key="F99Z" definition-exists="false" date-revised="2019-05-01" status="published"><classification-symbol>F99Z</classification-symbol><class-title date-revised="2019-05-01"><title-part><text>SUBJECT MATTER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR IN THIS SECTION</text></title-part></class-title><notes-and-warnings><note type="note"><note-paragraph> This subclass <u>covers</u> subject matter that:<br/> <subnote type="alpha"><note-paragraph>Is not provided for, but is most closely related to, the subject matter covered by the subclasses of this section, and<br/> </note-paragraph><note-paragraph> Is not explicitly covered by any subclass of another section. </note-paragraph></subnote></note-paragraph></note></notes-and-warnings></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></classification-item></class-scheme> |